BELLWORK: QUIZ OVER THE ROMAN REPUBLIC (COMPLETE THE BLANK)

1. THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH INCLUDED 2 MEN CALLED, _______________, WHO SERVED FOR A YEAR.

2. THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH INCLUDED THE _____________ (WHO SERVED FOR LIFE), THE

ASSEMBLY, AND THE TRIBUNES.

A. The purpose of this branch was to _____________________________________________________________.

B. The senate held more of the power

3. THE ____________________ BRANCH—THE PRAETORS

A. Judges chosen by the assembly to judge for a year. 2 of 8 judges supervise civil and criminal courts.

4. UNIQUE CHARACTERISTIC: IN TIMES OF TROUBLE, A _____________________ COULD BE CHOSEN

TO RULE FOR 6 MONTHS TIME.

A. They were appointed by the consuls and then elected by the senate.

BELLWORK: CHECK YOUR WORK

THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH—THE CONSULS

THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH—THE SENATE, ASSEMBLY, AND TRIBUNES

• Made laws

• The senate held more of the power

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH—THE PRAETORS

• 8 judges chosen by the assembly to judge for a year. 2 of 8 judges supervise civil and criminal court

UNIQUE CHARACTERISTIC: IN TIMES OF TROUBLE, A DICTATOR COULD BE CHOSEN TO RULE FOR 6 MONTHS

• They were appointed by the consuls and then elected by the senate.

PROBLEMS IN THE REPUBLIC:

AS ROME EXPANDED, MANY WEALTHY ROMANS NEGLECTED CIVIC DUTIES

oOnly wanted to gain more wealth, power

DIFFERENCES INCREASED BETWEEN RICH, POOR; THREAT OF UPRISINGS GREW

REFORMERS WANTED TO BREAK UP ESTATES, GIVE LAND TO POOR

oSenate's wealthy landowners opposed reform, had reformers killed

THIS WEAKENED ROME AND LED TO CIVIL WAR

oCivil war- war between groups within same country

CAESAR BECOMES DICTATOR FOR LIFE

CAESAR WAS A GREAT POLITICIAN, REFORMER; WAS POPULAR WITH PLEBEIANS

MANY POWERFUL ROMANS, INCLUDING PATRICIAN SENATORS, OPPOSED CAESAR

SENATE APPOINTED HIM RULER; WAS NAMED DICTATOR FOR LIFE IN 44 B.C.

CAESAR WAS AN ABSOLUTE RULER, BUT STARTED SOME REFORMS

• Expanded senate, enforced laws, created jobs

SOME FEARED HE WOULD BECOME KING, HAVE DESCENDANTS RULE AFTER HIM

THE FALL OF THE REPUBLIC:

CAESAR ASSASSINATED BY GROUP OF SENATORS

HIS RULE WOULD BE THE END OF THE REPUBLIC

THE ROMAN EMPIREAUGUSTUS BECAME ROMEʼS 1ST EMPEROR

• Great nephew of Julius Caesar

• Controlled provinces, strengthened defenses, began civil service

• Beautified Rome by building temples, theaters, monuments

AUGUSTUSʼ REIGN BEGAN PAX ROMANA—LONG PERIOD OF PEACE

AND STABILITY

• Empire grew to greatest size, 2 million square miles

• Roman army of 300,000 men became greatest fighting force in world

• Army guarded frontiers, built roads; navy patrolled MEDITERRANEAN

THE ROMAN EMPIRE: A STRONG ECONOMYPAX ROMANA CONTINUED AFTER AUGUSTUSʼ DEATH IN A.D. 14

EMPIRE THRIVED UNDER GOVERNMENT BEGUN BY AUGUSTUS

AGRICULTURE AND TRADE

• ROMANS PRODUCED POTTERY, METAL GOODS, GLASS, WINE, OLIVE OIL

• LAND AND SEA TRADE ROUTES AIDED ECONOMIC GROWTH

• ROMANS TRADED WITH SPAIN, AFRICA, WESTERN ASIA, GAUL

• TRADERS BROUGHT BACK GRAIN, IVORY, SILK, SPICES, GOLD, SILVER

CURRENCY

• ROMAN ECONOMY UNITED BY COMMON CURRENCY, MAKING TRADE EASIER

• EXPANDING ECONOMY MADE THE RICH RICHER, DEEPENED DIVISION WITH POOR

TO SUMMARIZE…

• THE RESULTS OF ROMAN EXPANSION PRODUCED SOCIAL CONFLICT AND CIVIL WAR.

• JULIUS CAESAR GAINED POWER AND BECAME A DICTATOR BUT WAS THEN

ASSASSINATED.

• THE REIGN OF AUGUSTUS BEGAN A LONG PERIOD OF IMPERIAL RULE AND PEACE IN

THE ROMAN EMPIRE.