Bellwork:

Homework for week of March 5th – 9th Mon. Good Luck!Tues. ISTEP

Math/L. Arts Applied SkillsWeds. ISTEP

Writing PromptThurs. Recombinant DNA Pre-Lab

Friday Modeling Recombinant DNA Lab

Learning Goals:

Evaluate the importance of plant and animal breeding to humans.

Summarize the steps used to engineer transgenic organisms.

Analyze how mapping the human genome is benefitting human life.

• Predict the outcome of a test cross.

Section Objectives:

• Evaluate the importance of plant and animal breeding to humans.

1.Evaluate the importance of plant and animal breeding to humans.

2.Summarize the steps used to engineer a transgenic organism

Chapter 13: Genetic Engineering

Chapter 13: Genetic Engineering

This genetically engineered plant Glows-in-the-Dark!

A genetically engineered mouse that can grow a human ear!

13-1 Applied Genetics

Selective Breeding: Allowing only animals with

desired traits to reproduce.

In 1947, an average milk cow produced 4997 pounds of milk per year.

In 1997, 50 years later, an average milk cow produced 16 915 pounds of milk per year

Selective Breeding

Hybridization

Crossing (reproducing) different individuals to bring together the best of both organisms

Produce a Hybrid which are often hardier than parents.

Inbreeding

Breeding of individuals with similar characteristics to maintain these characteristics

Test Cross Cross of an individual with unknown

genotype with an individual with known genotype

Used to determine genotype

• Summarize the steps used to engineer transgenic organisms.

Learning Goal:

• Give examples of applications and benefits of genetic engineering.

13-2: Recombinant DNA Technology

1. DNA Extraction – taking DNA out of the cell2. Restriction enzymes: are special enzymes

that cut DNA in specific locations3. Gel electrophoresis: DNA is separated and

analyzed

Some tools we use to change DNA:

Scientists use our knowledge of DNA to study and change it!

Genetic Engineering: making changes in the DNA of living organisms

4. PCR (polymerase chain reaction): making COPIES of a particular gene that is CUT (by restriction enzymes) out of the original DNA PCR animation

5. Cutting and Pasting: we can make new DNA by combining DNA from different sources this is called Recombinant DNA

Description: DNA polymerase (blue) makes many copies of DNA (red) in a cycle of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

What is…?

1. recombinant DNA

2. transgenic organism

3. restriction enzyme

4. plasmid

What is…?

1. recombinant DNA

2. transgenic organism

3. restriction enzyme

4. plasmid

Cleavage

Cut

Insertion

DNA Fragments

Plasmid

Plasmids are circular DNA molecules that are separate from the chromosomal DNA .

They usually occur in bacteria

Action ofRestriction

Enzyme

Foreign DNA into Plasmid

Gel Electrophoresis

DNAUnique pattern created by the movement of the DNA through the gel- can identify an individual

DNA Fingerprinting

Help Jimmy Sweet solve his candy mystery!

Who did it?

Click to Solve

DNA Fingerprinting: Who did it

Transformation – a cell takes & incorporates DNA from outside into its own DNA

Steps to Transforming Bacteria1. Take the gene of interest out of the DNA from a

human cell2. Cut it out using restriction enzymes (act like

scissors!!)3. You are left with your “gene of interest”4. Take a plasmid (ring of DNA) out of a bacterial

cell, cut it with restriction enzymes.5. Place the gene of interest in the plasmid,

making a ring again6. Put this ring back into a bacteria and let it

reproduce!!

When the same sequence of bases is found on both DNA strands, but in opposite orders, it is called a

Transforming Plant Cells A bacterium inserts a DNA plasmid

into plant cells to create new unique plants

Ex. Plants resistant to pesticides

Transforming Animal Cells•DNA is injected into the nucleus of an egg. As the embryo grows the new DNA will be reproduced

Today’s Goal: Analyze how genetic engineering and

mapping the human genome will benefit future generations.

Many scientists consider genetic engineering to be simply an effective

method of selective breeding. Explain.

Today’s Goal: Analyze how genetic engineering and

mapping the human genome will benefit future generations.

Gel Electrophoresis

PCR- Polymerase Chain Reaction

Biotechnology New technology has created a new field

of study: Biotechnology We can create transgenic organisms –

that contain genes from other organisms

Glowing bumblebee: Modified Piglets!

Transgenic Animals

Have been used to study genes and improve the food supply Research is under way where goats could be

modified to produce spider silk proteins in their milk that could be used in the production of medical sutures and bullet-proof vests

Transgenic Plants Modified plants are important in our food

supply! 25% of all corn grown in US in genetically

modified Ex. They have natural insecticides, resist

herbicides, vitamins

86%

Recombinant DNA DNA produced by

combining DNA from different sources.Genetically

engineered cells contain recombinant DNA

Firefly gene + tobacco plant = glowing tobacco plant!

Cloning: creating genetically identical individuals

Cloning Mimi

Click and Clone!

Genetic Science Learning Center, "Permissions Policy," Learn.Genetics, 29 April 2009, <http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/gslc/permissions.html> (29 April 2009)

13.3- Human

Genome Project When: Began in 1990, finished in 2003 Cost: approx. $3 billion What: Sequenced the human genome (all 24

chromosomes) Why: To help understand our DNA Fun fact:

The order of almost all (99.9%) nucleotide bases is exactly the same in all people

Applications of BiotechnologyTechnology Example Benefit

Selective Breeding

Recombinant DNA

•in medicine

•In agriculture

Gel Electrophoresis

•DNA Fingerprint

Human Genome•Gene therapy

Applications of BiotechnologyTechnology Example Benefit

Selective Breeding

Recombinant DNA

•in medicine

•In agriculture

Gel Electrophoresis

•DNA Fingerprint

Human Genome•Gene therapy

Complete the following data table to review the benefits of Biotechnology

Name My pts

Pts Poss. Tot “My Pts”

TPP Grade

7 Ch 12 Reading Guide

15 156

8 Ch 12 Genetics

Test40 196

Goal: Evaluate the importance of plant and animal breeding to humans.

Today’s Goal: Describe the effect selective breeding will

have on the human population.

Place Selective Breeding lab in the collection folder.

• What is selective breeding?

What effect might selective breeding of plants and animals

have on the size of Earth’s human population? Why?

1.

2.

Using the corn experiment, explain what happened to farmers crops after many years of only choosing the best seeds?

Why would you want to use selective breeding?

3.

• Using David O Conover’s fish experiment, compare and contrast the tanks that had fish getting smaller vs. larger?

• How does this explain selective breeding?

4.• Selective breeding has many benefits but

is not without problems.

• Create a T-chart of the pros and cons of selective breeding.

Pro Con

1. Become familiar

2. Model Recombinant DNA

3. Review and give examples of applications via 13.2 Guided Notes

Summary:

Name My pts Pts Poss. Tot “My Pts”

TPP Grade

10 Selective Breeding

Lab

15 221

Today’s Goal:Today’s Goal:Give examples of applications and benefits

of genetic engineering.

Relate the steps of producing recombinant DNA to the activities of the modeling procedure by explaining how the terms relate to the model

Term Lab Model

Gene insertion

Plasmid

Restriction Enzyme

Sticky ends

Recombinant DNA

Create the following Data Table

Taping Green and Red together

Green Paper

Scissors

Cut ends on Paper

Red and Green taped together

Biology Homework for week of April 18 - 22

Mon Model Lab AnalysisEx. Credit due Weds

Tues Review Recombinant DNA

Weds Applying Genetic TechnologyReview

Th Ch. 13 Test

Fri No School-Good Friday