BELLWORK1. How was the second stage of the CCW different than the

first?2. How was the US involved in the CCW? Why was it so

important for them to maintain involvement?3. How was the USSR involved in the CCW?4. Explain the CCP’s final offensives leading to their victory

(PLA, tactics, GMD resistance, etc.)5. Why did the CCP win the Civil War? List five reasons! 6. THINKER: To what extent was the Chinese Civil War a

revolutionary war?

How did the war with Japan effect the CCP and GMD?

Impact on the CCP• Used the war with Japan to carry out policy of

revolutionary warfare• “our fixed policy should be 70% expansion, 20%

dealing with the GMD, and 10% resisting the Japanese.”

• Control of 678 out of 914 towns• Land Reform• Improved education• Reducing taxes• Egalitarian policies• Women’s rights• Successes cause people to see them as the true

nationalists – surge in popularity

Problems with the GMD• Large support areas fell under Japanese control• Loss of tax revenue• Print more money = inflation• Corruption• Ill-treated troops• Japanese control of ports = low supplies• Factions formed• Jiang’s response = repression!• Lacked control over provinces• Exhausted from fighting – high death tolls

against Japanese• Lost public support – puppet of W. Imper.

The Second United Front• Why did the CCP and

GMD from the Second United Front?

• How did both parties benefit from the Second United Front?

Post-WWII Clashes

• From left to right: US diplomat Patrick J. Hurley, Chiang Ching-kuo (GMD & son), Chiang Kai-shek, Chang Ch'ün (GMD advisor), Wang Shi Jie (CCP), Mao Zedong

• USSR controlled Manchuria CCP forces came to occupy clashed with GMD

• Confiscated Japanese weapons given to CCP by USSR

• US sent advisors, US ships, US aircraft, 50,000 troops

• Corruption of GMD caused Manchuria to support CCP

Post-WWII Clashes• US General Marshall sent to

mediate• US supported coalition

government, but did NOT support a single-party state (continued to fund GMD)

• CCP condemned the US• Temporary truce gave time for

Mao to rebuild• Truce is broken and fighting

resumes in July 1947

Resumed Fighting (1947-1949)• GMD & CCP evenly matched• PLA offensive against railways

(guerilla)• PLA offensives in cities

(conventional)• Decreased GMD morale• Northern China under

communist control; CCP wins Nanjing & Shanghai

• Land Reform

The PLA enters Beijing and controls the

later capital of PRC

US Involvement• 50,000 Marines were sent to guard

strategic sites• 100,000 US troops were sent to

Shandong• The US equipped and trained over

500,000 GMD troops, and transported GMD forces to occupy newly liberated zones, as well as to contain Communist controlled areas

• Aide included both new and surplus military supplies

• Loans to GMD• Within 2 years after WWII, the GMD had

received 4.43 billion dollars from the US - most of which was military aid

• It was perfectly clear to us that if we told the Japanese to lay down their arms immediately and march to the seaboard, the entire country would be taken over by the Communists. We therefore had to take the unusual step of using the enemy as a garrison until we could airlift Chinese National troops to South China and send Marines to guard the seaports.

• —President Truman

Outcome• October 1949: Mao proclaimed the

establishment of the People’s Republic of China

• December 1949: Jiang proclaimed Taipei, Taiwan, the temporary capital of the Republic of China and continued to assert his government as the sole legitimate authority in China.

• Despite the end of the hostilities, the two sides have never signed any agreement or treaty to officially end the war.

Reasons for Communist SuccessStrengths of the CCP

• Leadership of the PLA (Lin Biao)

• Role of Mao• Spread of Communism• Role of Intelligence

Weaknesses of GMD• Political• Economic• Military

HOMEWORK• Finish the CCW packet! Focus on foreign

involvement and effects of war. • Term cards!!!!!