Bellringer (10/10/13)

Please write the question and the answer.

America is famous for its ability to manufacture quality goods. Can you name some items manufactured around the Unifour area that were known around the world?

Please take a moment to consider your answer.

Key Terms/People to Know

Section 1: Bessemer process, Edwin L. Drake, wildcatter, transcontinental railroad

Section 2: entrepreneur, capitalism, laissez-faire, social Darwinism, monopoly, John D. Rockefeller, vertical integration, horizontal integration, Andrew Carnegie, Cornelius Vanderbilt

Why Steel?

Steel was stronger than iron, less brittle (won’t chip), can build taller buildings, bigger bridges…but most importantly…

…IT WAS CHEAP! 1877: $50/ton1890s: $12/ton

Railroads loved it, and so did engineers in cities!

Making Steel

Watch this quick video on the Bessemer Process.

How long did it take to purify the iron into good-quality steel using a Bessemer converter?

Did this make steel production more efficient?

What do you see?

Oil!

U.S. had been using whale oil for machine lubrication from before the founding of the country.

As whales harder to find and industry increasing, oil needed for machine lubrication and also lighting.

Edwin Drake hit oil while drilling in Pennsylvania, starting the wildcatter craze.

The Transcontinental Railroad

Congress commissions the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific Railroads in 1862 to create a transcontinental railroad going from Omaha, Nebraska to Sacramento, California.

Promontory Point, Utah, 1869

The Entrepreneurial Spirit

Look on page 467 to define Capitalism and laissez-faire.

How do these two economic principles tie together?

Now let’s watch this short film about the differences between capitalism and socialism.

Horatio Alger, Jr.

Wrote stories that taught hard work and determination would lead to success.

Works intended for children.

Alger and Social Darwinism

On your own, look up social Darwinism. Use your phone or look on page 467 of your book.

Could you say Horatio Alger’s stories taught social Darwinism?

Bellringer

Please write the question and the answer.

How were industrial capitalists in the Gilded Age similar to social Darwinists? Give an example of how they had similar views.

Please take a few minutes to reflect on your answer.

On your own…

Read page 468.What are the a)good things and b)bad things about proprietorships and corporations?

What is a monopoly?

What are the two types of monopoly?

Group Work: I’m rich!

Identify these tycoons, tell what industry they were in, and… what they are remembered for (their legacy):

a) John D. Rockefellerb) Andrew Carnegiec) Cornelius Vanderbilt

YOU HAVE 10 MINUTES

Key Terms/People to Know

Section 3: Sherman Antitrust Act, sweatshop, Knights of Labor, Terence V. Powderly, xenophobia, blacklist, Samuel Gompers, American Federation of Labor, Eugene V. DebsSection 4: mass transit, Orville and Wilbur Wright, telegraph, Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Alva Edison

On your own…Read through section 3 (pgs. 472-476) to find answers to the following questions.

1. Why were business owners scared by the Sherman Antitrust Act?

2. What did the act prohibit?3. What effect did the growth of industry have on

workers?4. What are some of the tools labor (workers) used to

make gains from industrialists?5. List four strikes or work stoppages started by Unions.

What were the outcomes of each of these strikes?

You have 20 minutes.

Graphic Literacy

Take a look at the graph on page 476.

Why did union growth decrease between 1886 and 1895?

What years saw the largest increase in membership for the unions?

On your own: Inventions

Look through pages 478-479.

What were 5 inventions mentioned in the section?

What did they do to improve the lives of common Americans?

You have 10 minutes.

Bellringer

Please write the question and the answer.

How did the Sherman Antitrust Act and labor unions such as the Knights of Labor go against the theory of laissez-faire capitalism believed by industrial capitalists?

Please take a few minutes to reflect on your answer.

Stop the Strikes!

Unions like Knights of Labor (first union in US) and the AFL (most members towards end of 19th century) used strikes effectively to gain concessions from business.

Strikes like the Pullman Strike were ended by court orders, or injunctions.

Injunctions

Injunctions, or a court orders to do or stop doing something, were used by businesses when they could find sympathetic judges.

These injunctions would effectively end organizing efforts, a strike, or make workers go back to work.

Normally injunctions were granted based on restoring the status quo, or to make whole again someone whose rights had been violated.

Group Project: Thomas Edison and Menlo Park

Thomas Edison filed for over 1,000 patents.

In a group of no more than 3, go to this website: http://edison.rutgers.edu/patents.htm

Choose one patent that Edison and his research lab executed during their time at Menlo Park (1876-1931).

Create an advertisement for this invention! You have 30 minutes!

Quick Break

Now for a fun little ditty about Thomas A. Edison and a Serbian immigrant named Nikola Tesla (yes, like the car).

Tesla originally came to the United States to work for Edison in 1884. He made a lot of money from his inventions dealing with alternating current (the AC of AC/DC), but spent it all on experiments which were thought to be ridiculous by the scientific community. A lot of his inventions were far ahead of their time.

He died as a recluse in a New York hotel.

Key Terms/ People to Know

Section 1: Ellis Island, Angel Island, benevolent society, Denis Kearney, Chinese Exclusion Act, Gentlemen’s Agreement, literacy testSection 2: Elisha Otis, Frederick Law Olmstead, settlement house, Jane Addams, Lillian Wald, Social Gospel

Small Group: Coming to America

Skim through pages 488-492.

How were immigrants at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries different? How were they similar? Give two examples for each.

Where did immigrants on the East Coast go first? Where did immigrants on the West Coast go? What type of things did they undergo upon arriving at these locations?

You have 20 minutes.

On your own…Ausländer Raus!

How did Americans react to the wave of new immigrants? Skim through pgs. 493-494 and describe the following three things and how they impacted immigration:

Chinese Exclusion ActGentlemen’s Agreementliteracy test

You have 10 minutes.

Bellringer

Please write the question and the answer.

Where did many immigrants come from during the early 20th century? What are two ways they were different from other, earlier immigrants?

Please take a few minutes to consider your answer.

On your own…Ausländer Raus!

How did Americans react to the wave of new immigrants? Skim through pgs. 493-494 and describe the following three things and how they impacted immigration:

Chinese Exclusion ActGentlemen’s Agreementliteracy test

You have 10 minutes.

Cities

Skim through page 497. How did the different classes live in the changing cities?

The upper classThe middle classThe working class

From page 498: What was a settlement house, and what role did religion play for workers there?

You have 10 minutes.

Keeping Cities Green

Frederick Law Olmstead’s Park SystemsLouisvilleBoston’s Emerald Necklace

and most famously…Central Park in New York City

Let’s take a tour!

Small Group: Politics in the Gilded Age

With a small group, identify the following:1. Political machines2. Tammany Hall3. Boss Tweed4. Union Pacific Railroad5. Crédit Mobilier6. The Whiskey RingWhat did all of these things have to do with in the political setting of the time?

You have 20 minutes.

Waiting for Guiteau…

Using page 502, answer the following questions.1. What are some ways that Hayes, Garfield, and

Arthur tried to take on corruption at the federal level?

2. Did Guiteau’s actions help or hinder his cause?3. What law eventually helped reduce

corruption?You have 10 minutes.

Bellringer

Please write the question and the answer.

What is a word you could you describe politics in the Gilded Age? Please provide two examples that helped you come to your description.

Please take a minute to consider your answer.

Partner Work: Regulation

Tie these things together. Use pages 503-506 to help:1. Railroad fees:: farmers2. National Grange::interests of farmers3. Wabash v. Illinois::regulation4. Interstate Commerce Act::Interstate

Commerce Commission5. Farmers’ Alliance::Colored Farmers’ Alliance6. Gold Standard::inflation7. Sherman Silver Purchase Act::Panic of 18938. William McKinley::William Jennings Bryan

You have 30 minutes.

Gilded Age Dicrimination

Despite being free from slavery, African-Americans still dealt with legal forms of discrimination:

votingpoll taxes and literacy teststhe grandfather clause (1/1/1867)socialJim Crow laws

Plessy v. Ferguson (separate but equal)

Trying to Overcome

Booker T. Washington: • best prospects for success were through farming

and learning a trade• founded TuskegeeW.E.B. Du Bois: • full equality immediately• should be assisted by “talented tenth,” educated

and already successful African-Americans• founded NAACP

Other Groups

Mexican Americans– mainly farmers, tied to land through debt peonage• Couldn’t stop working until all debts paid to employers

– Outlawed in 1911

Native Americans– Still not citizens (until 1924)– Continued policy of Americanization