Bell WorkBell Work Why do you think Thomas Paine originally published Why do you think Thomas Paine originally published

Common Sense Common Sense anonymously?anonymously?

Why do you think the writers of the Declaration of Why do you think the writers of the Declaration of Independence failed to address the rights of women, Native Independence failed to address the rights of women, Native Americans, and African Americans?Americans, and African Americans?

This Day in History:This Day in History:

October 24, 1863- Don Carlos Buell is replaced by William Rosecrans as the October 24, 1863- Don Carlos Buell is replaced by William Rosecrans as the head of Union Forces in the Western Theater. head of Union Forces in the Western Theater.

October 24, 1901- Annie Taylor becomes the first person to go over Niagara October 24, 1901- Annie Taylor becomes the first person to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel. Falls in a barrel.

October 24, 1945- The United Nations is formally established. October 24, 1945- The United Nations is formally established.

Discussion with Your NeighborDiscussion with Your NeighborLook on Page 144-145Look on Page 144-145

What advantages did the British have What advantages did the British have at the start of the Revolution?at the start of the Revolution?

What advantages did the Americans What advantages did the Americans have at the start of the war?have at the start of the war?

The Revolution: The Revolution: New York to Valley ForgeNew York to Valley Forge

Many Americans supported Many Americans supported the war effort.the war effort.

• More than 230,000 soldiers served in the Continental Army.

• 145,000 enlisted in local militias.

• First banned from serving, but when the British promised freedom to any slave who fought on their side under the Dunmore Proclamation, the Continental began to allow free African Americans to serve.

Soldiers

• Ran farms and businesses• Helped by raising money for supplies or by

making clothing• Served as messengers, nurses, and spies• Some dressed as men and fought.

African-Americans

Women

1775-17771775-1777

Canada

• November 1775

• Some patriots thought British-controlled Canada should be the “14th colony”

• American forces attacked Quebec.

• Attack failed, and hopes of taking Canada faded.

New York

• June 1776

• Washington’s 23,000 militiamen opposed by 32,000 better-equipped British soldiers.

• Series of battles

• Washington’s forces pushed into New Jersey.

New Jersey• Battle of Trenton

won by Americans on December 26, 1776.

–Washington crossed the Delaware on Christmas night.

–Attacked the mercenaries as they slept.

• Defeated the British at the Battle of Princeton January 2, 1777.

Battle of SaratogaBattle of Saratoga

British upset by two quick defeats in New Jersey. British upset by two quick defeats in New Jersey.

British General John Burgoyne planned to seize British General John Burgoyne planned to seize Hudson River Valley to cut off New England.Hudson River Valley to cut off New England.

British army crushed by Patriot forces under British army crushed by Patriot forces under General Horatio Gates on October 17, 1777.General Horatio Gates on October 17, 1777.

Battle of Saratoga Battle of Saratoga in New York was the in New York was the turning point of the Revolutionary War.turning point of the Revolutionary War.

Help from France and SpainHelp from France and Spain

French and Spanish had lost large expanses of land French and Spanish had lost large expanses of land in North America to the British.in North America to the British.

Both countries happy to see trouble for Britain in the Both countries happy to see trouble for Britain in the American colonies.American colonies.

After the Battle of Saratoga, France, Spain and After the Battle of Saratoga, France, Spain and Holland joined the fight on the side of the Patriots.Holland joined the fight on the side of the Patriots.

Independent Soldiers

• Marquis de Lafayette, supplied money and military skills.

• Baron Freidrich von Steuben came from Prussia to help train the Continental Army.

France

• Officially joined forces in May 1778

• Signed treaty of support

• Increased level of supplies and agreed to provide soldiers and ships.

Help from EuropeHelp from EuropeSpain

• Joined war in 1779

• Bernardo de Gálvez, governor of Spanish Louisiana, seized British posts.

Valley ForgeValley Forge

Continental Army was low on supplies.Continental Army was low on supplies.

Washington and 12,000 men wintered at Washington and 12,000 men wintered at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, during 1777–Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, during 1777–78.78.

Suffered through the brutal winter and Suffered through the brutal winter and shortages of food, clothing, and shelter. shortages of food, clothing, and shelter.

Continental Army survived, but 2,000 died Continental Army survived, but 2,000 died of disease and malnutrition. of disease and malnutrition.

War in the West

War at Sea

• Tiny Continental Navy could not fight large battles.

• Sunk hundreds of individual British ships.• John Paul Jones was commander of

victorious Bonhomme Richard. This former British outlaw became an American naval hero.

• George Rogers Clark captured British trading village of Kaskaskia, Illinois, in 1778.

• Clark’s forces won Battle of Vincennes in 1779.

The war continued at sea The war continued at sea and in the West.and in the West.

Chapter 5 AssessmentChapter 5 Assessment

Page 135-136Page 135-136

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