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•List 5 things that you know (or think you know) about the religion of Islam, Islamic culture and history.
Arab? Islam? Muslim? Islamic?
• Arab – someone who speaks Arabic• Islam – the faith founded by
Muhammad• Muslim – someone who practices the
religion of Islam• Islamic – describing an object (ie.
Islamic country, Islamic calendar, Islamic law)
Islam - religion started by Muhammad and his
teachings/revelations from Allah
Means “submission” –people must throw themselves upon the mercy of God (submit) in order to be saved
“Muslim” – people who practice the religion of Islam
Arabia Before Muhammad• Bedouin tribes – nomadic
animal herders o Worshipped pagan godso Constantly at war (scarcity
of water, resources)• Mecca
o Popular because location of the Kaaba (alter of Abraham)
o Prosperous – Kaaba made it a center of trade
Why didn’t Arabs like Muhammad's message?
• Threatened their gods/way of lifeomonotheism, non-violence
• Threatened their power and wealthoKaaba brought trade and prosperity
oRich had to give to poor
622-The Hijra
• Muhammad forced out of Mecca and went to Medina (city of the prophet)
• began the religion of Islam • Year 1 on Muslim calendar
Kaaba
Before Muhammad:“black stone” worshipped, along with pagan gods
After Muhammad:• re-dedicated to one God
(Allah)• 1st mosque (Muslim house
of worship)• Sight of the hajj
Why does Islam spread?• Social justice message
– non-violence, equality• Strength of
Muhammad’s forceso New power in Arabiao People converted to Islam
Muhammad’s Teachings
• Allah was the one and only God and all should submit and be thankful to Him
• All believers in Allah were equal under Him
Fast
• during the month of Ramadan
• NO food – sunrise to sunset• Refrain from violence, harsh language, gossip, etc.
The Koran
• Sacred book• Muhammad’s miracle• God’s final message to his
people• Final authority for Muslims, on:
religion, politics, law, economic, and social life
• Islamic Law – Sharia
Islam: After Muhammad's Death
• AD 632 – Muhammad dies• Abu Bakr takes over as caliph
(successor to the prophet; political leader of Islam)
• AD 661 – Ali, the 4th caliph (relative of Muhammad) is murdered
• Dispute over who will be the next successor erupts!!!
Sunnis/Shiites: SIMILARITIES• Monotheistic (believe in one God = Allah)• Muhammad = prophet• Koran – unchanging EXACT word of God• Hadith/Sunnah• Sharia (Islamic law)• Worship in mosques• Mecca = holy city• 5 Pillars = responsibilities as Muslims
Islam SplitsSUNNISM
• Traditional Islam• Any devout Muslim can
be caliph• Emphasis on Koran,
Hadith and Sunnah• Scholars interpret Koran• Don’t recognize
imams/ayatollahs• No clergymen• 85-90%
SHIISM• “Ali’s Party”• Caliph must be direct
descendant of Muhammad• Believe Muhammad chose
first imam (Ali)• Imam – leader – interprets
Koran/Hadith• Ayatollahs issue decrees on
Islamic law• 10-15%
Expansion of Islam
• Spread beliefs and gain riches• Arab armies launched Jihad (holy war)
oTo defend Islam o “Struggle within”
• 732 Arabs conquer empire from Indus river, to Atlantic Ocean
• Tolerance/ taxes on non-believers