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Bell Work
Imagine you have been hired to oversee the maintenance of a forest.1. How would you evaluate the health of the forest?
2. What actions would you take to keep the forest healthy?
3. What might be a threat to the health of the forest?
5 minutes Bell Work
10 minutes Review
30 minutes Primary Succession
5 minutes Mini-break
30 minutes Secondary Succession
5 minutes Succession Video
5 minutes Exit Ticket
Today’s Schedule
Review
Ecology
Ecology
BiosphereBiosphere
Biotic Factor
Biotic Factor
Abiotic Factor
Abiotic Factor
PopulationPopulation
Biological CommunityBiological Community
Ecosystem
EcosystemBiomeBiome
HabitatHabitat
NicheNichePredationPredation
SymbiosisSymbiosis
MutualismMutualism
Commensalism
Commensalism
omnivoreomnivore
Food webFood web
Food webFood web
Ecological Succession In 1988 large
areas of Yellowstone Park burned to the ground.
How do you think the park looked the following spring?
ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION Ecosystems tend to
change with time until a stable system is formed.
The stable system that will form depends on climatic limitations.
Ecological Succession The replacement of
one community by another until a stable stage is reached is called ecological succession.
Climax Community The final stage of
succession is called the climax community.
The climax community in New York State is an oak-hickory forest or a maple-beech forest.
SuccessionGradual development of
a community of organisms over time
Takes place in all communities
Takes place over time
Succession occurs BECAUSE Each community
changes the conditions so that they are more favorable to other organisms that replace them.
For example, some types of trees need a lot of sun and their saplings cannot grow under the shade of their own species.
They will be replaced by the types of trees whose saplings can grow in shade of other trees.
Primary Succession Primary succession
occurs where there was no previous community, such as on bare rock or sand.
Primary succession begins with pioneer organisms.
Pioneer Organisms Pioneer organisms
can tolerate extreme conditions: hot and cold; dry and wet.
Moss, dune grass, and lichens are pioneer organisms.
Lichens Lichens are algae and
fungus growing together in a mutualistic relationship. Algae make the food; fungus anchor and capture water.
Pioneer organisms Soil is produced over
hundreds of years by pioneer organisms.
These organisms break apart rock, add humus as they die and decompose, and hold water
This allows other organisms to grow there.
Steps in Primary Succession1. After an volcanic
eruption, lava covers the land and hardens into rock
Primary Succession2. Lichens begin to form on rocks
Acids from the lichens begin to break down the rock
These pieces of broken rock and the remains of dead lichens start forming soil
3. Pioneer species appear- first organisms to grow in a succession
example-lichens
Primary Succession3. After many years
The soil is deep enough for mosses to grow Mosses replace lichens Tiny organisms like insects live the in the
lichens and mosses Their remains add to the soil
Primary Succession4. After hundreds or even thousand of years
The soil may be deep enough to support a forest
The final stage of succession is the climax community
Secondary Succession Changes that takes place after an environment
is disrupted in some way (the soil must remain intact)
Disruption may be
from fire, farming,
wind, foresting
Secondary Succession The community
begins again where the former community was disrupted.
Soil is already present.
Secondary Succession3. Fast growing trees (such as pines) move in
4. These are followed by slower-growing hardwood trees
Secondary Succession5. animals begin moving back in the ecosystemSuccession ends with a climax community