Chapter 13 Section 1
Bell Ringer#1Locate the following:
Portugal is located on the ____ continent, west of ____.
*Use Chapter 13, Section 1!Chapter 13 Sec 1Exploration and
ExpansionMotives and MeansPortugal and SpainFirst European empires
to explore new sea routesDutch Republic (the Netherlands), France,
and EnglandSecond group of European empires to explore new
worlds
Motives and MeansEurope was stationary for 1,000 yearsFantasized
about the exotic East (Asia- spices/silks)14th c (1300s)- Ottoman
Turks restricted Europes travels westControlled the only land
routeEuropeans were forced to find a new route
Motives and MeansGod, Gold, and GloryGod- Convert Natives to
CatholicismCortes- Spanish conquistador Gold- Economic GainsExpand
trade to AsiaSpices, silks, precious metalsGlory-
FameAdventureSecular (worldly) desires
The Portugal Trading Empire1420- Prince Henry the
NavigatorFleets (ships) sailed South down the coast of West
AfricaGold Coast1488- Bartholomeu Dias Sailed around the tip of
AfricaCape of Good Hope
The Portuguese Trading Empire1498- Vasco de GamaContinued Dias
routeCut across the Indian Ocean to IndiaCalcutta (India), SPICES
1509- Portugal takes control of the Spice Islands Defeat Ottoman
Turkish and Indian fleetsMelaka- spice trade portChina would not
let Portugal colonize AsiaTreaty that allowed Portugal to export
spices
Bell Ringer#2Identify the following:
Christopher Columbus-
Define the following:
Mercantilism-
*Use Chapter 13, Section 1! Voyages to the Americas Christopher
Columbus- Believed he could reach Asia by sailing West (Portugal
sailed East, around Africa)ItalianQueen Isabella of Spain financed
his voyage1492- landed in the IndiesCuba/Caribbean
Voyages to the Americas1494- Treaty of Tordesillas
(TAWR-duh-SEE-yuhs)Spain and Portugal divided world with imaginary
linePortugal-East (controlled trade route around Africa to
Asia)Spain- West (North and South America)
Voyages to the AmericasJohn Cabot- Explored the New England
coast for EnglandAmerigo Vespucci (veh-SPOO-chee)- Named the New
World America
Ptolemy: world map, copy from 1482
The Spanish EmpireConquistadors- Spanish conquerors of
America15oos- Spain established colonies
(settlements/communities)1533- Spain controlled South America after
Francisco Pizarro defeated the Incans1550- Spain controlled Mexico
after Hernando Cortes defeated the AztecsNatives were used as slave
labor on sugar plantations and in gold/silver minesDepleted
population due to forced labor, starvation, and diseaseExample:
Mexicos Population- 1519, 25 million; 1630, 1 millionNew Spain
(Spanish Empire)
CompetitionEarly 1600s (17th c)Dutch Colony- New
NetherlandPresent day New York French Colonies- Northern N. America
and Louisiana TerritoryPresent day Canada and Louisiana, Arkansas,
Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska,
Kansas, Oklahoma, Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana English Colonies-
Atlantic SeaboardPresent day Georgia, South Carolina, North
Carolina, Virginia (1st), Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, New York,
Pennsylvania, Massachusetts (2nd), Connecticut, Rhode Island, and
New Hampshire.
Economic ImpactGold and SilverPlantations- Large farms that used
slave laborPotatoes, Cocoa, Corn, Tobacco, Sugar, Cotton, Vanilla,
LivestockColumbian Exchange- extensive exchange (trade) of plants
and animals between the Old and New WorldsAlso brought European
diseases to the New World
Economic ImpactColony- Settlement of people living in a new
territoryPolitically (government) and economically (trade) linked
with parent countryMercantilism- 17th c. economic principleThe
prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold and
silverFueled by trade of natural resources found in the New
WorldBalance of Trade- difference in value of exports v.
importsGoal- export more than import (sell more than buy)Colonies
provided raw materials and a market for manufactured goods
Bell Ringer#3Identify the following:
Dutch-
Define the following:
Bureaucracy-
*Use Chapter 13, Section 3! Chapter 13 Sec 3Southeast Asia in
the Era of the Spice TradeAsian Mainland States1500s-1700sMainland
Asia was stable (no wars, bad economy,
etc)ChinaBurmaVietnamLaosThailandCambodiaMalay PeninsulaTaken over
by the Ottoman TurksSpice TradeSpread IslamMelaka (trade port)
The Arrival of Europeans1511- Portugal seized Melaka and
Moluccas (Spice Islands)Established trading posts along the
coastEarly 1600s- Dutch drove Portugal out of the spice tradeUsed
the island of Java as a fort to protect Dutch possessions in
Southeast Asia
The Arrival of EuropeansMainland States- part of a continent
(distinguished from peninsulas or offshore islands)See Asian
Mainland StatesMainland states united and drove out
EuropeansMaritime (island/peninsula nations) remained under
European control
Spice Trade
Religious and Political Systems1500s-1800sMaritime Nations and
the PhilippinesIncreased Islam (Ottoman-Turks) and Christianity
(Europeans) converts (changing from one religion to
another)Mainland NationsBuddhism was combined with traditional
beliefs
Religious and Political SystemsBuddhist style of kingshipKing
was considered superior to other human beingsLink between human
society and universeBurma, Thailand, Laos, CambodiaJavanese style
of kingshipKing was sacredMaintained the balance between the sacred
and material worldJava IslandIslamic SultansMortal, defender of the
faith, aristocratic (wealthy/upper class)Bureaucracy- body of
non-elective government officialsMalay Peninsula, IndonesiaChinese
style of kingshipEmperor ruled according to the teachings of
ConfuciusMortal, appointed by Heaven, talented and virtuous, link
between Heaven and EarthChina, VietnamBell Ringer#4Define the
following:
Plantation-
Triangular Trade-
*Use Chapter 13, Section 2! Chapter 13 Sec 2Africa in an Age of
TransitionThe Slave TradeAfrican slavesSouthwest AsiaDomestic
servantsEuropeDomestic servantsAmericasIncreased demandPlantation-
large agricultural estatesSugar Cane- difficult to grow/harvest;
required more slaves1st - Brazil & Caribbean Islands
Growth of the Slave Trade1518- 1st ship of slaves brought to the
AmericasTriangular Trade- New global economyAfrica to the Americas-
SlavesAmericas to Europe- Raw Materials (tobacco, molasses, sugar,
cotton, etc)Europe to Africa- Manufactured Goods (guns, cloth,
rum)Early 16th to late 19th c.10 million slavesMiddle Passage-
Africa to AmericaMany slaves died
Effects of the Slave Trade1st African slaves were prisoners of
warEuropeans traded with Slave TradersAfricans who kidnapped other
AfricansCoastal regions and inlandImpact on African
SocietiesDepopulationYoungest/Strongest men and womenIncrease in
warLost faith in godsDeterioration of artIncrease in human
sacrifice
Bell Ringer#5Name the 5 European nations that colonized the New
World (in order)!
*Use Chapter 13Not in TextbookColonization in North
AmericaSpanishNew Spain Central AmericaBuilt a new empireSpanish
churches and homes
SpanishDateExplorerAreaReason1492Christopher ColumbusWestern sea
route to Asia (Indies)Trade1513Juan Ponce de LeonExplored
FloridaKeep out the FrenchFountain of Youth1519Hernando
CortesCentral AmericaGoldGod (Religion)Columbus RouteCortes
Route
PortugueseBrazil1500Portugal's side of the Treaty of
TordesillasDivided the world in half (western- Spain, eastern-
Portugal)Used for trade and plantations
FrenchNew France North AmericaGoals Trade (fur) Catholicism
(convert Natives)No towns or familiesGood relations with Native
Americans Military alliances
FrenchYearExplorerAreaReason1534Jacques CartierSt. Lawrence
River (Canada/US border)Trade1608Samuel de ChamplainQuebec,
Canada
Permanent settlement1682Robert CavelierMississippi Valley
(Louisiana Territory)Trade with SpanishRobert Cavelier
English3 Colonial RegionsNew EnglandFocused on Puritan
religionManufacturing/TradeMiddle (Mid Atlantic)Religious
diversitySome farming and tradeSouthernConcerned only with
economyPlantation system, cash crops, slavery
EnglishDateNameRegionSignificance1607John SmithSouthernShip
CaptainHelped found Jamestown, Va1612John RolfeSouthernBrought
tobacco to English Colonies- primary cash crop1630John WinthropNew
EnglandFounded Massachusetts for Puritans1681William PennMiddle
(Mid Atlantic)Founded Pennsylvania for Quakers
Turn in homework pg. 424-425 #1-24
Turn in Exploration Bell RingersBe ready to receive graded
papers
Get out your notebook/textbook/handouts/etc for test
corrections
