BELL RINGERYou may get your papers from your folder.

CHAPTER 3 SECTION 4LATER PEOPLES OF THE FERTILE CRESCENT

Main Idea: After the Sumerians, many cultures ruled parts of the Fertile Crescent.

THE BABYLONIANS CONQUER MESOPOTAMIA

A monarch is a ruler of a kingdom or empire.

Sumerian kings claimed to be chosen by the gods.

Babylon had once been a Sumerian city located on the Euphrates River near what is today, Baghdad.

AncientBabylon

HAMMURABI In 1792 BC Hammurabi became

king of Babylon. He was a brilliant war

leader and won battles. He brought all of

Mesopotamia into his empire and called it the Babylonian Empire.

He improved the lives of his people. He oversaw the building of new sewer, irrigation, building, and tax collection systems.

He ruled for 42 years. During his reign Mesopotamia prospered.

HAMMURABI’S CODE Hammurabi was best

known for creating the earliest known collection of laws.

The Hammurabi Code was a set of 282 laws that dealt with almost every part of daily life.

People all over the empire could read exactly what was against the law.

Actual Code of Lawscarved in stone

The penaltyfor

breakingthe bone

of aslave was

to paya fine!!!!

GOT IT? When did Hammurabi become

Babylon’s king?1792 BC

How did Hammurabi conquer Mesopotamia?Military victories.

Why would it have been helpful for people to have the law code written down?Everyone would know what was against

the lawLaws can’t change as easily if they’re

written down.

INVASION OF MESOPOTAMIA The Hittites were a strong kingdom in Asia

Minor, in what is today, Turkey. They were the first people to master

ironworking. They made the strongest weapons of the time.

They also skillfully used the chariot, a wheeled, horse- drawn cart used in battle.

They captured Babylon in 1595 BC.

Video

WHO WERE THE KASSITES?

The Kassites were people who lived north of Babylon.

The Hittite king was killed by an assassin.

They captured the city of Babylon from the Hittites and ruled for almost 400 years.

WHO WERE THE ASSYRIANS?

The Assyrians lived in northern Mesopotamia

They ruled off and on for 300 years, after they captured Babylon.

900 BC: Using the military advantages of iron weapons, chariots and good organization, they began to conquer all of Mesopotamia, parts of Asia Minor, and Egypt.

They were fierce in battle and before attacking, they spread terror by looting villages and burning crops. Anyone who resisted was killed!!

• Assyrian Empire was ruled from Ninevah.• They were harsh rulers, whose kings ruled

their kingdom through local leaders.• Communication between cities was done by

messengers on horseback

Video

WHO WERE THE CHALDEANS? The Chaldeans were a

group from the Syrian Desert.

They attacked Ninevah in 612 BC and won over the weaker Assyrian Empire.

Babylon became their capital and a center for astronomy.

They also created a calendar and solved complex problems of Geometry. Video

WHO WAS NEBUCHADNEZZAR?

Nebuchadnezzar was the most famous Chaldean king.

He rebuilt Babylon into a beautiful city.

He admired Sumerian culture and studied their language and religion.Palace of

Nebuchadnezzar

WHO WERE THE PHOENICIANS? They were a group of

people who lived at the western end of the Fertile Crescent along the Mediterranean Sea.

They created a wealthy trading society.

Today the nation of Lebanon occupies most of what was once Phoenicia.

The Phoenicians were expert sailors and found new colonies such as Carthage in northern Africa.

Video

PHOENICIAN ACHIEVEMENTS One of the world’s

first alphabets – a set of letters that can be combined to form words.

Glassblowing Purple dye from a

snail-like shellfish Ivory carvings Became powerful

because of estab-lishing Mediterranean trade routes, not winning battles.

GOT IT? Why did the Hittite Kingdome come

to an end?Their king was assassinated and they

were invaded by the Kassites. What military advantages did the

Asyrrians have?Iron weapons, chariots and good

organization. How do you think the use of chariots

by the Hittites affected the opposing army’s foot soldiers?

CLASSWORK/HOMEWORKVocabulary Builder / Section Quiz