Bell Ringer 2/18/14

• Finish film.

• Agenda- Finish film, class discussion

• OBJECTIVE: I can evaluate different aspects of culture from the film The Gods Must Be Crazy.

Bell Ringer 2/19/14

• What did you think of The Gods Must Be Crazy? Did you like it? Why or why not?

• Agenda- Bell Ringer, Discussion, Lecture

• OBJECTIVE: I can discuss the film and learn about socialization.

Bell Ringer 2/20/14

• What group do you think influences you the most? Your friends? Parents? Why?

• Agenda- Bell Ringer, Lecture, Video

• OBJECTIVE: I can learn about socialization.

Socialization

• Socialization: the process of learning to participate in a group.

• Humans learn the expectations of society through socialization.

• Socialization is different based on race, gender and class.

Functionalist vs. Conflict Perspectives

• How does the functionalist perspective explain socialization?– Stresses the ways in which groups work together

to create a stable society• How does the conflict perspective explain

socialization?– Views socialization as perpetuating the status quo

How does symbolic interactionism help us understand socialization?

• The self-concept: an image of yourself as having an identity separate from other people

• The looking-glass self: an image of yourself based on what you believe others think of you

• Significant others: those people whose reactions are most important to you

• Role taking: assuming the viewpoint of another person and using that viewpoint to shape the self concept

Symbolic Interaction and Mead

• George Herbert Mead’s work on the “Looking Glass Self,” which talks about how we become who we believe others think we are.

• We define and build ourselves through our perceptions of others’ assessments of us, he says.

Socialization

• How do we know socialization is important?

• How do monkeys react to social isolation?– Harry Harlow– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJ_Krs8f6Iw

• Can we generalize from monkeys to humans?

Role of Socialization

• Social Environment: The Impact of Isolation– Interaction of heredity and environment

shape human development• The Case of Genie

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmdycJQi4QA

Bell Ringer 2/24/14

• Finish documentary about genie.

• Agenda- Finish film, class discussion and reflection on genie, activity (if time)

• OBJECTIVE: I can reflect on the role of socialization and how it shapes our human characteristics.

Bell Ringer 2/25/14

• Take out a sheet of paper and write down a question that relates to the movie we finished yesterday.

• Agenda- Bell Ringer, Discussion Activity, Lecture (if time)

• OBJECTIVE: I can discuss the role of socialization and Genie’s case.

Socialization as Social Control

Socialization and Self-Esteem

• How much value one sees in oneself is greatly affected by socialization how you are seen by society.

• A national study of 9th and 12th graders examined the eating behaviors:– 57% of the girls and 31% of the boys reported

eating disorders. – Fear about one’s appearance to others was is

associated with this risky behavior.

Consequences of Socialization

1. Establishes self-concepts.2. Creates the capacity for role taking.3. Creates the tendency for people to act in

socially acceptable ways.4. Makes people bearers of culture.

Agents of Socialization

• Institutions pass on expectations about appropriate social behavior:

1. Family2. Media3. Peers4. Institutions

The Family

• Families introduce children to the expectations of society.

• How parents define and treat a child is crucial to the development of the child’s sense of self.

• Some families emphasize educational achievement; some may be more permissive, whereas others emphasize strict obedience and discipline.

The Media

• The average young person (age 8–19) spends 6 3/4 hours per day immersed in media in various forms, often using multiple media forms simultaneously.

• Television is the dominant medium, although half of all youth use a computer daily.

• Analysts estimate that by age 18, the average child will have witnessed at least 18,000 simulated murders on television.

Polling Question

• Which media source do you think has the strongest impact on attitudes and behaviors of your generation?A. AdvertisingB. TelevisionC. Music and music videosD. The InternetE. Magazines

Peers

• For children, peer culture is an important source of identity.

• Through interaction with peers, children learn concepts of self, gain social skills, and form values and attitudes. – Girls’ peer groups tend to be closely knit and

egalitarian.– Boys’ peer groups tend to be more hierarchical,

with evident status distinctions between members.

Religion

• Children tend to develop the same religious beliefs as their parents.

• Very often those who disavow religion return to their original faith at some point in their life, especially if they have strong ties to their family of origin and after they form families of their own.

• Religious socialization also influences beliefs about sexuality, including the likelihood of tolerance for gay and lesbian sexuality.

Sports

• Through sports, men and women learn concepts of self.

• Men learn that being competitive in sports is considered a part of “manhood.”

• Current research finds that women in sports develop a strong sense of bodily competence, which is typically denied to them by the prevailing cultural images of women’s bodies.

Student-Athletes: The Impact of Title IX

Schools

• In school, teachers and other students are the source of expectations that encourage children to think and behave in particular ways.

• Research finds that teachers respond differently to boys than to girls, with boys receiving more of their attention.

• The hidden curriculum consists of the informal and often subtle messages about social roles conveyed through classroom interaction and materials.

Polling Question

• Which agent of socialization do you think is the most responsible for gender differences in how males and females are socialized?A. The familyB. ReligionC. The peer groupD. EducationE. Mass media

Moments in America for Children

• Every 9 seconds a high school student drops out.• Every 20 seconds a child is arrested.• Every 37 seconds a child is born to a mother who is

not a high school graduate.• Every 43 seconds a child is born into poverty.• Every minute a child is born to a teen mother.• Every 2 minutes a child is born at low birth weight.

Moments in America for Children

• Every 4 minutes a child is born to a mother who received late or no prenatal care.

• Every 4 minutes a child is arrested for drug abuse.• Every 8 minutes a child is arrested for a violent• crime.• Every 19 minutes a baby dies.

Moments in America for Children

• Every 3 hours a child or youth under 20 is killed by a firearm.

• Every 3 hours a child or youth under 20 is a homicide victim.

• Every 5 hours a child or youth under 20 commits suicide.

• Every day a young person under 25 dies from HIV infection.

Functionalist Theory of Socialization

Individual Learning process

People internalize role expectations in society

Formation of self

Internalizing the values of society reinforces social

consensusInfluence of

societySociety relies on

conformity to maintain social equilibrium

Conflict Theory of Socialization

Individual Learning process

Aspirations that are part of identity are shaped by available opportunities

Formation of self

Group consciousness is formed in the context of a

system of inequality

Influence of society

Social control agents exert pressure to conform

Symbolic Interaction Theory of Socialization

Individual Learning process

Children learn by taking the role of significant others

Formation of self

Emerges as the creative self interacts with social

expectations of others Influence of

societyExpectations of others form

the context for learning social roles

Looking-glass Self

• How we think we appear to others.• How we think others judge us.• How these make us feel - proud,

embarrassed or something else.

The Looking-glass Self

Mead: Taking the Role of the Other

1. Imitation stage - children imitate behavior of those around them.

2. Play stage - children take on the role of significant others.

3. Game stage - children internalize an abstract understanding of how society sees them.

Children in the United States

The World’s Children

Socialization Across the Life Cycle

• Childhood - establish identity and values.• Adolescence - form a consistent identity.• Adulthood and Old Age - learn new roles and

expectations in adult life.

Resocialization

• Existing social roles are altered or replaced.

• Takes place in organizations that maintain strict social control.

• Examples: military, prison, cults, fraternities and sororities