BELL QUIZ: USE PAGES 243-2471) Who succeeded Muhammad in 632 A.D.?2) What does the title caliph mean?3) According to the Shi’ah who should be the

caliphs?4) What was Umar’s greatest contribution to

Islam?5) Using the map on page 244 what years saw

the greatest expansion of the Muslim Empire?

BELL QUIZ ANSWERS

1) Abu Bakr2) Successor to the Prophet.3) Only descendents of Ali.4) Expanded the Muslim Empire into the Persian

Empire.5) 633-661 A.D.

Chapter 11 Section 2 Terms

CaliphImamsSultanAbu BakrUmarSunniShi’ahSufiTariqMoors

Groups: Pages 243-247Answer the following questions with as much

detail as possible:1) What 5 caliphs succeeded Muhammad AND

what were their accomplishments?2) How did the Islamic community become

divided after Muhammad’s death?3) What are the similarities and differences

between the Sunni and the Shi’ah? 4) How did the Muslims expand their empire so

quickly?

ABU BAKR: 1ST RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPH 632-634 A.D.

1) Muhammad dies in 632 A.D.2) Abu Bakr is chosen by Muhammad as the

successor.3) Abu was the first convert to Islam outside of

Muhammad’s immediately family.4) The Shi’a Muslims believe that Muhammad

wanted Ali to be the successor but Abu organized a coup d’etat.

5) Abu’s first item of business was to put down the revolts with in the Empire.

ABU BAKR

1) Abu is given the title of caliph meaning “successor to the prophet.”

2) He is considered to be the 1st Rightly Guided Caliph=the successor is a family member or personal friend of Muhammad.

3) Abu falls ill and dies just 2 years into his reign.

UMAR: 2ND RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPH1) Umar was one of Abu

Bakr’s chief advisors and was influential to Abu putting down the rebellion by the desert tribes.

2) Abu names Umar as his successor in 634 A.D.

3) Umar expanded the Muslim Empire by conquering the Persian Empire.

UMAR 634-644

1) Muslims did not demand their conquered people to convert to Islam.

2) Christians and Jews (the People of the Book) could either convert to Islam OR pay extra taxes.

3) Those who refused both options were killed.4) Early on the Muslims were extremely tolerant

of the Jews and Christians.

UTHMAN: 3RD RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPH 644-656 A.D.

1) Uthman was related to Muhammad by marriage. Muhammad married 2 of Uthman’s daughters.

2) Uthman was elected as the 3rd caliph by a 6 member Muslim committee.

3) Uthman made many Arabs angry because he appointed his relatives to important government positions AND he accepted gifts and bribes from neighboring governors (riches and corruption).

UTHMAN

1) Ali organized a rebellion against Uthman because “he favored his own clan.”

2) 500 rebels storm Uthman’s home in Medina.3) Muhammad, son of Abu Bakr, was the first to

break into the home and attack Uthman.4) Uthman is killed in 656 A.D.

ALI: 4TH RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPH 656-661 A.D.

1) Ali was elected to succeed Uthman as the 4th caliph.

2) Uthman’s relative Mu’awiyah protested because Ali was the organizer of Uthman’s murder.

3) Ali moves the capital to Baghdad, Iraq.4) Ali is assassinated in 661 and Mu’awiyah

became the caliph.

SUNNI VS. SHI’A*Sunni accept Abu Bakr as the caliphate.*Sunni Muslims are the largest denomination of

Muslims (90%).*Sunni means “People of the example.” These

people study the life of Muhammad and act accordingly.

*Sunni Islam claims to be the continuation of Islam as it was defined through the revelations given to Muhammad and his life.

SHI’A • Shi’a means “the followers of Ali.”• Shias adhere to the teachings of the Islamic

prophet Muhammad and the religious guidance of his family or his descendants known as Shi'a Imams, whom they consider to be infallible. Shia's assert the right of Ali.

• Caliphs are selected through hereditary. • The rift between the Sunni and the Shi’a

deepened when Mu’awiyah’s descendents killed Ali’s son Husayn.

SUFI

• A third religious sect found within the Muslim religion.

• Sufi’s are like Christian monks.• Sufi give up lives of riches and worldly

possessions to live a life centered around worship of Allah and service.