Bell Quiz (pages 498-503)Bell Quiz (pages 498-503)1.1. American colonists who supported American colonists who supported

independence were called _____. Those who independence were called _____. Those who opposed independence were called _____.opposed independence were called _____.

2.2. Name the 2 towns where the American Name the 2 towns where the American Revolution began.Revolution began.

3.3. List 3 European countries that helped the List 3 European countries that helped the colonists fight Britain in the American colonists fight Britain in the American Revolution.Revolution.

4.4. Why were the Articles of Confederation Why were the Articles of Confederation designed to place power in the hands of the designed to place power in the hands of the individual states?individual states?

5.5. Why was the Bill of Rights added to the Why was the Bill of Rights added to the constitution two years after the constitution constitution two years after the constitution was ratified?was ratified?

Bell Quiz AnswersBell Quiz Answers1.1. PatriotsPatriots supported independence; supported independence;

LoyalistsLoyalists opposed independence and opposed independence and stayed loyal to Britain.stayed loyal to Britain.

2.2. Lexington and Concord Lexington and Concord (Massachusetts).(Massachusetts).

3.3. France, Spain, and the Netherlands.France, Spain, and the Netherlands.

4.4. State governments would be less State governments would be less repressive; closer to the people and repressive; closer to the people and understand their needs better.understand their needs better.

5.5. Many Americans believed that the Many Americans believed that the Constitution did not protect the rights Constitution did not protect the rights of individuals.of individuals.

Bell QuizBell Quiz(pgs. 490 – 503)(pgs. 490 – 503)

1. Who were Sir John Hawkins, Sir Francis 1. Who were Sir John Hawkins, Sir Francis Drake, and Sir Walter Raleigh?Drake, and Sir Walter Raleigh?

2. About how long was the British East India 2. About how long was the British East India Company in business?Company in business?

3. What was the first permanent English 3. What was the first permanent English settlement in North America? settlement in North America?

4. What was the Sugar Act of 1764?4. What was the Sugar Act of 1764?

5. What was the first plan of government in 5. What was the first plan of government in the United States?the United States?

AnswersAnswers

1. English sea captains called the sea 1. English sea captains called the sea dogs.dogs.

2. Nearly 260 years.2. Nearly 260 years.

3. Jamestown3. Jamestown

4. A tax imposed on sugar and other 4. A tax imposed on sugar and other imports from the non-British colonies.imports from the non-British colonies.

5. The Articles of Confederation5. The Articles of Confederation

ObjectivesObjectives

Investigate who the sea dogs were and Investigate who the sea dogs were and what they accomplished.what they accomplished.

Explore the results of the British Explore the results of the British mercantilist policy.mercantilist policy.

Explain how America responded to British Explain how America responded to British polices after the French and Indian War.polices after the French and Indian War.

Describe what type of government Describe what type of government Americans set up after the American Americans set up after the American Revolution.Revolution.

ExplorationExploration

English Colonial ExpansionEnglish Colonial Expansion After Columbus’s After Columbus’s

voyage, King Henry VII voyage, King Henry VII of England sent out his of England sent out his own Explores to claim own Explores to claim lands in the Americas.lands in the Americas.

Henry hired Captain Henry hired Captain John Cabot.John Cabot.

John Cabot explored John Cabot explored Newfoundland, Nova Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and New Scotia, and New England.England.

Cabot’s voyages in Cabot’s voyages in 1497 and 1498 gave 1497 and 1498 gave England its first land England its first land claims in North claims in North America. America.

Sea DogsSea Dogs

The sea dogs were English sea captains during the The sea dogs were English sea captains during the reign of Elizabeth I.reign of Elizabeth I.

These captains included: These captains included: • Sir John HawkinsSir John Hawkins• Sir Francis DrakeSir Francis Drake• Sir Walter RaleighSir Walter Raleigh

The sea dogs were pirates supported by the crown.The sea dogs were pirates supported by the crown. Queen Elizabeth I secretly supported the sea dogs and Queen Elizabeth I secretly supported the sea dogs and

shared the profits from there raids on Spanish and shared the profits from there raids on Spanish and Portuguese ships.Portuguese ships.

Sea DogsSea Dogs The seas dogs also The seas dogs also

made important made important voyages of voyages of exploration.exploration.

Drake was the first Drake was the first English sea captain to English sea captain to sail around the world.sail around the world.

The sea dogs helped The sea dogs helped England defeat the England defeat the Spanish Armada in Spanish Armada in 1588.1588.

The British in IndiaThe British in India In 1600 Queen Elizabeth granted a charter In 1600 Queen Elizabeth granted a charter

to the British East India Company.to the British East India Company. The British East India Company was in The British East India Company was in

business for nearly 260 years.business for nearly 260 years. The company played a major role in the The company played a major role in the

development of Great Britain’s overseas development of Great Britain’s overseas powers.powers.

They set up trading posts in Bombay, They set up trading posts in Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras in India.Calcutta, and Madras in India.

The company did a lot to shape Britain’s The company did a lot to shape Britain’s colonial policies.colonial policies.

By the late 1750s the British EastBy the late 1750s the British East India India Company had strong support in Parliament. Company had strong support in Parliament.

The British in AmericaThe British in America At first the British At first the British

explored North America explored North America looking for a northern looking for a northern water route to Asia (the water route to Asia (the Northwest Passage).Northwest Passage).

Henry Hudson was the Henry Hudson was the first to search for the first to search for the Northwest Passage.Northwest Passage.

Henry Hudson charted Henry Hudson charted much of the coast of much of the coast of eastern North America. eastern North America.

First to explore the First to explore the river and the bay that river and the bay that now bear his name.now bear his name.

British SettlementsBritish Settlements The English began to The English began to

settle along the eastern settle along the eastern coast of North America.coast of North America.

Private companies or Private companies or individuals founded the individuals founded the first colonial first colonial settlements.settlements.

In 1607 Jamestown, in In 1607 Jamestown, in what is now Virginia, what is now Virginia, was established.was established.

Jamestown was the first Jamestown was the first permanent English permanent English settlement in North settlement in North America. America.

Plymouth, in what is Plymouth, in what is now Massachusetts, now Massachusetts, was founded in 1620.was founded in 1620.

ColonistsColonists The founders of these settlements hoped to The founders of these settlements hoped to

make a large profit.make a large profit. Those colonists who actually settled in North Those colonists who actually settled in North

America came for other reasons.America came for other reasons. Colonists came to find greater political and Colonists came to find greater political and

religious freedom, or better lives for their religious freedom, or better lives for their families.families.

The English also brought Slavery to their The English also brought Slavery to their colonies.colonies.

Slavery was most common in the southern Slavery was most common in the southern colonies and in the Caribbean.colonies and in the Caribbean.

Most of England’s colonies were self-Most of England’s colonies were self-governed and had some form of governed and had some form of representative assembly.representative assembly.

Official control remained with the English Official control remained with the English monarchy.monarchy.

MercantilismMercantilism Under the policy of mercantilism, Under the policy of mercantilism,

colonies existed for the economic colonies existed for the economic benefit of the home country. benefit of the home country.

In the 1650s Parliament began to In the 1650s Parliament began to pass laws to enforce this policy.pass laws to enforce this policy.

Required colonists to sell certain Required colonists to sell certain products only to Britain.products only to Britain.

Discouraged colonists from Discouraged colonists from manufacturing their own goods.manufacturing their own goods.

Colonists resented the British trade Colonists resented the British trade regulation, and found way to evade regulation, and found way to evade the laws.the laws.

British-French rivalryBritish-French rivalry

The British and French rivalry spilled over into North The British and French rivalry spilled over into North America.America.

The French and Indian War helped spark the Seven The French and Indian War helped spark the Seven Years’ War in Europe.Years’ War in Europe.

The Treaty of Paris of 1763 gave control of much of The Treaty of Paris of 1763 gave control of much of North America to the BritishNorth America to the British. .

No Taxation without Representation: Page 498No Taxation without Representation: Page 498

Sugar Act, 1764

Stamp Act, 1765

Tea Act of 1773

Intolerable Acts, 1774

1st Continental Congress

Lexington & Concord, 1775

Cause Effect

Increased Imperial ControlIncreased Imperial Control The war with France left Britain with a huge The war with France left Britain with a huge

debt.debt. Britain expected the colonists to pay off the Britain expected the colonists to pay off the

debt.debt. Britain started imposing increased taxes on Britain started imposing increased taxes on

the coloniesthe colonies• The Sugar Act of 1764The Sugar Act of 1764• The Stamp ActThe Stamp Act

Colonists argued against the taxes because Colonists argued against the taxes because they had no representation in Parliament.they had no representation in Parliament.

““No taxation without representation”.No taxation without representation”. Relations between Britain and the colonies Relations between Britain and the colonies

grew steadily worse.grew steadily worse.

The American RevolutionThe American Revolution July 4, 1776 the colonists adopted the July 4, 1776 the colonists adopted the

Declaration of Independence, Declaration of Independence, establishing the United States of establishing the United States of America.America.

George Washington was the George Washington was the commander of the American forces.commander of the American forces.

Most of the Fighting took place Most of the Fighting took place between 1776 and 1781.between 1776 and 1781.

In 1783 the British and the Americans In 1783 the British and the Americans signed the Treaty of Paris.signed the Treaty of Paris.

The Americans had won The Americans had won independence and a territory much independence and a territory much larger than the original 13 colonies.larger than the original 13 colonies.

Thomas HobbesThomas Hobbes Thomas Hobbes: Outlined Thomas Hobbes: Outlined

his political philosophy in his political philosophy in the book Leviathan.the book Leviathan.

Hobbes believed that people Hobbes believed that people chose a leader to rule them chose a leader to rule them to avoid chaos.to avoid chaos.

People made an unwritten People made an unwritten social contract that gave social contract that gave leaders absolute power.leaders absolute power.

People give up their People give up their individual liberties for group individual liberties for group safety and social order.safety and social order.

People had to obey the ruler People had to obey the ruler no matter what, or else their no matter what, or else their natural selfishness would natural selfishness would result in disaster and chaos result in disaster and chaos for everyone.for everyone.

John Locke: 1632-1704John Locke: 1632-1704 John Locke disagreed with John Locke disagreed with

Hobbes.Hobbes. Locke stated his ideas in his Locke stated his ideas in his

writings the “Two Treaties of writings the “Two Treaties of Government”. Government”.

Locke agreed that people enter Locke agreed that people enter into a social contract with the into a social contract with the government.government.

Individuals had the natural right Individuals had the natural right to live, enjoy liberty, political to live, enjoy liberty, political equality and own property.equality and own property.

Locke argued that these Locke argued that these individual rights were superior to individual rights were superior to laws of the government. laws of the government.

Rulers that violated these rights Rulers that violated these rights violated natural laws and broke violated natural laws and broke the social contract. the social contract.

Locke stated that Governments Locke stated that Governments existed for the sole purpose of existed for the sole purpose of protecting individual rights.protecting individual rights.

People had the right to change People had the right to change their government if it became their government if it became oppressiveoppressive

Baron de Montesquieu: 1748Baron de Montesquieu: 1748 Believed in Believed in

checks and checks and balances within balances within government government between between executive executive branch, branch, legislative legislative branch, and branch, and judicial branch judicial branch

VoltaireVoltaire ““I may I may

disapprove of disapprove of what you say, but what you say, but I will defend to I will defend to the death your the death your right to say it.”right to say it.”

Supported Supported religious freedom religious freedom and freedom of and freedom of speech.speech.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau: 1762Jean-Jacques Rousseau: 1762 The Social Contract:The Social Contract:

1.1. People are naturally People are naturally good but environment, good but environment, education ,and laws education ,and laws corrupt them.corrupt them.

2.2. People can preserve People can preserve their innocence if they their innocence if they choose their own choose their own government.government.

3.3. Opposed a strong Opposed a strong government because he government because he felt it brought felt it brought corruption and misery.corruption and misery.

Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence1.1. Rewrite the first two paragraphs Rewrite the first two paragraphs

and the last 3 paragraphs of the and the last 3 paragraphs of the Declaration of Independence into Declaration of Independence into your own words (17 sentences your own words (17 sentences total). total).

2.2. Match each sentence to the Match each sentence to the appropriate Enlightenment appropriate Enlightenment Philosopher.Philosopher.

3.3. Define 10 words you do not know Define 10 words you do not know from the Declaration of from the Declaration of Independence.Independence.

Governing the New NationGoverning the New Nation The first plan of government in the United States The first plan of government in the United States

was the Articles of Confederation (1781). was the Articles of Confederation (1781). The Articles of Confederation proved to be too weak The Articles of Confederation proved to be too weak

to effectively run the country.to effectively run the country. September 1787 the United States Constitution is September 1787 the United States Constitution is

ratified, and went into affect 1789.ratified, and went into affect 1789. This new federal governments was divided into three This new federal governments was divided into three

branches.branches. The Executive, the Legislative, and the Judicial. The Executive, the Legislative, and the Judicial. Each branch acts as a check on the power of the Each branch acts as a check on the power of the

other branches.other branches. 1791, The Bill of Rights (the first ten amendments) 1791, The Bill of Rights (the first ten amendments)

were added to the Constitution in an effort to were added to the Constitution in an effort to protect the rights of individuals. protect the rights of individuals.