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1 B. H. JIEHHH, ConuueHua, ihm. IV , t . 5, CTp. 342.2 Cm. p a 6 o m M. AJIEKCEEBA, BejiuHCKUü u cjiaesiHCKUü jiumepamop H. FI.Hop-

dan ; J I . JIAHCKOTO, Omzueu 0 BeAUHCKOM s « La revue indépendante », A . flyE O B M - KOBA, Iloeoe 0 cmam.be BeauncKoio « IIapunccnue maÜHU»; P. KAPJIHHOH, Bejiuncnuü u nnoncnan jiumepamypa, b k h . « J I ir r e p a T y p H o e iiacaeacTBO», JV» 56, B . T. BEJIHH- CKH lî, t . II, AH CCCP, M., 1950; L. ERIH O N OV, V. G. Belinski peste hotare, « Studii çi cercetâri de istorie liteararâ §i folclor », nr. 3, Bucureçti, 1961; FORGÂCS LÂSZLÔ, Bajza és Belinski, Budapest, 1955; N YI KO LAJOS, Adatok az orosz forvadalmi demo- kratâk multszàzadi magyarorszdgi fogadtatdsdhoz, b kh. « Tannulmânyok a magyar orosz irodalmi Kapcsolatok korébôl », Bp., 1961.

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BnojiHO corjia inaacb c Bbipa3iiBiniiMca KaK 3flecb, Tau n b flpyrn x MecTax o6 ib;iim mhg&hom o ôoJibinoM BJinaHHH pyccK iix 3ctotiikob Ha ^o6po3H <aH y-rcpio, nocTapaeMca pacKpuTb stot Bonpoc ôojiee KOHKpeTHO n apryMGHTiipoBaHHo.

rioJIOHÍIITeJIbHOC BJIIIHHHO pyCCKIIX peBOJIIOHnOHHHX flOMOKpaTOB Ha Æ oôpoAHîaHy-repio saKJiioaaeTCH, npeæ fle B cero, b tom , mto h x H acnenne, KaK Bbicmaa CTynoHB flOMapncoBon $iijioco(J)hh h s c to th k h , oß.uemiiJio n C^ojiajro B03M0ÎKHBIM npiIXOfl pyMHHCKoro KpiiTHKa K MapKCH3My B pemeHHH HGKOTopHx BaJKHerännx BonpocoB. 9 to BJiHHHii.e 06m,enpH3HaH0 n He TpeôyeT OCOÔBIX flOKa3aTOJIbCTB. T o , HTO II3BeCTH0 HaM o I0H0CTH Tepil, BHOJIHe

1 GH. G H BO R G H IU -D E J, Articole fi cuvîntâri, ed. IV, 1958, CTp. 363.2 V. CIOBANU, Poporanismul, Bucureçti, 1946.3 S. FÂRCÂÇAN, C. Dobrogeanu-Gherea — reprezentant de frunte al criticii materia-

liste si progresiste rominefti, E .S .P .L .A ., 1955, p. 12— 13.

390

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/JoßpoAHiaHy-Tepa oco3HaBaji MiipoBoe SHaaeHne pyccKHX kphthkob ii iix TeopeTiiHCCKoro HacaeAna. Oh cnpaBOAaHBO bh^cji npnanHy hx Bean-MIIH B IIX CBH3H C OCBOÖOflHTeJIbHHM flBH/KeHHOM PoCCHH, B TOM, HTO OHH CTOHJIH BO TJiaBe 3T0T0 ABHHîeHHH H ßopOJIHCb 3a TaKyK) JIHTepaTypy, k o to - paH Morjia cay?KiiTb ero HHTepecaM. B CTaTbe «06mecTBeHHbie H^eajibi 11

ucKyccTBO» TepH oTBepraeT MHeHHe o^Horo h3 TeopeTHKOB oßmecTBa «H îym i- MH», no KOTopoMy HacTOHmeMy xyAojKHHKy He Hy>KeH oömecTBeHHHH HAeaa, «OMy Heaero AejiaTb c comiajibHbiMii HfleflMii». ÉoBopa o 3HaaeHHH nepeflo- BHx oGmecTBeHHbix HAeaaoB, T epa , b cbok» oaepeAb, ,noKa3biBaeT, aTO hx OTcyTCTBiie — TOHHee, b jihhhhc KoiicepBaTiiBHbix Hfleü Ha aaeHOB o 6 in,ecTBa «HîyHiiMa» — yMeHbinaeT n,eHHOCTb hx npoH3BefleHHii, hx SaaroTBopHoe B03fleücTBHe na o 6 m,ecTBo, b Tex cJiyaaax, Kor^a sto BJmaHiie He 0Ka3bi- BaeTca npaMo OTpunaTeabHbiM.

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391

n a B e JiM K y K ) p e ÿ o p M y — o c b o G o îk a c h i io K p e c T B a H o t p a ß c T B a . B 1 8 6 0 -x r o f la x o h o n o p o f lH J io a p y r o e T e a e H n e , T e n e m ie B e J i i iK o r o a K O H O M iic T a 11 K p i r -

TiiKa 4 e p H L i m e B C K o r o , KpHTHKa J J o ß p o ji io ß o B a , n o s T a H e n p a c o B a m n e ji o r o

p a p a T a a a H T j i H B u x m ic a T e -u e ñ .

3tII yMCTBCHHBie H JIHTepaTypHBie TeaeHHH BH3BajIH H ÎKH3HH BCG OCBO- CofliiTejiBHoe flBHHteHHe b P occh h . üpepaH H O CTB, caMOOTBepjKeiraocTB, repoH3M pyccK oii M0 Ji0 H<ep,H, KOTopbie nopa3HjiH b c c b Miip, b 6o jib h io h Mepe nopojK^ajiHCb m BooflyineBJiHJiiicB b th m h flByMa TeaeHHHMH. H ceñ aac, Kor.ua flecnoTH 3M noöeflHJi, Korfla KOJioccajiBHaa pyccK aa im nepua riorpy3H JiacB b o TBMy (cTaTBH HaniicaHa b 1 8 8 6 rojjy — npHM. aB T.), Bce, h t o mwcjiht h Haflt'CTCH b oToii CT])aHe, Bce, MTO GopeTCH 3a Jiyamee 6 y,nymee, Bce, h to CTpaHifleT bo Mpane CnSnpH, HBJiaeTca naoflOM BocniiTamiH h b jih h h h h 3THX flB yX ÖOJIBIHHX JIHTepaTypHblX H yMCTBeHHBIX TeaeHHH»1. XoTH OTfleJIB- HBie (JopMyJIHpOBKH Tepil 3fleCB He COBCeM TOHHBI H npaBHJIBHBI (TaK, peÿopM y 1 8 6 1 ropa o h Ha3BiBaeT «BeJiiiKoií», x o t h b flpyroM MCCTe caM 5Ke xapan - TepiisyeT ee Kan «noMenpraBio») i yKa3aHiie Ha orpoMHyio poJiB pcBOJiioHiio- HepOB-fleMOKpaTOB B pyCCKOÍÍ oßlljeCTBeHHOH ÍKH3HH OneHb BajKHO. ÜMeHHO na OCHOB3HHH 3THX HpHHH,HnoB Fepa ö op oa ca npoTHB TnTy MaílOpeCKy , b KOTopoM, no ero m hchhio, pyMHHCKaa JiHTepaTypa HMeJia He Jleccnnra HJin EeJiHHCKoro, a HeaTO cobccm npoTHBonojio>KHoe — pearapioHepa H IoncH rayspa. «A KOHcepBaTHBHHe inoneHrayspoBCKiie nflen, npiiHHimH h Hßeajibi — saKJiionaeT T epa , ■— He MoryT nopofliiTB bcjihkhx JiHTepa- TypHO-XyflOHîeCTBeHHHX flBHJKeHHH»2.

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f lH C TO M p y c c K O H jiHTepaTypBi. 3aMenaTenBH0 n c n o J iB 3 y a ee f lo C T H æ e H H H ,

o h b C B O H X C T a T B H X H e p a 3 H a 3 H B a e T H M e H a p y c c K i i x i iH c a T e n e i i , b to m

h h c j i c h p e B O Jn o n ,H O H H B ix f le M O K p a T O B . H a E e j iH H C K o r o o h c c H J ia e T C H ,

K p o M e y n o M H H y T o f i BBixne p a ß o T H , h b C T a T B e «,H,0 C T 0 e B C K H H » , rp ;e r o B o p i i T ,

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y jK a c H B iM » 3 . T e p a c c b iJ ia e T c a 3 fle cb n a B B ic o K y io o i j e H K y , K O T o p y io B e j i i m -

c k h h f la j i a B T o p y «B e ,a ;H b ix J i r o ^ e ñ » b c t b t b g « I I e T e p 6 y p r c K i i H c ö o p m i K » ,

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T o B o p a 0 6 « y jK a c H O M G y ^ y m e w » J ^ o c T o e B C K o r o , P e p a i m e e T b b h ^ v 3 a K J iio -

a e H H e h K a T o p a iH B ie p a ß o T H , H a K O T o p t ie 6 h j i n o 3 f lH e e o c y îK f le H n n c a T e J ib

h K O T o p u e 0 K a 3 a J ii i H e ß a a r o n p i i a T H o e B 0 3 f le n c T B iie H a e r o n o c a e f ly io m ,e e p a s B i i T i i e .

B ocn oM H H aH iia o T e p e pasJiHMHBix jihd; h e r o J inaH ue 3aaBJieH na c b h - fleTeaBCTByioT o herro cp e ,'j,ctb e h h o m B033eiicTBHH Ha pyM H H CK oro KpiiTiiKa H ^en B e jiH H C K oro , H epH w raeB C K oro h J],o6p o a io 6o B a . B c e æ e lip aM w e CCHflKH H a HHX B CTaTBHX T ep it H eM H O rO H H C JieH H B I. C APyi'OH CTOpOHBI,

1 C . D O BR O G E A N U -G H E R E A , Studii critice, vol. I— II, E .S .P .L .A ., 1956, vol. I, CTp. 222.

2 Ta.u x e CTp. 225.3 Ta.u x e , vol. II, CTp. 327.

392

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IlpeflnpHHflTbie HCCJie/joBaHiiH no3BOJiflioT HaM yTBepjKftaTb, h to Hac.ie- flue pyCCKHX peBOJUOI^HOHHHX fleMOKpaTOB, H B OCoSeiIHOCTÍI BenHHCKOI’O, 0Ka3aji0 pemaiomee bjihhhhg Ha (JopMHpoBaHHe och obh h x npiiHipinoB acTe- tiik h h JiHTepaTypHOH KpHTHKii ,I],o6 pofl>KaHy-repH.

B C B o e ñ 6 o p b 6 e n p o T H B H ^ e a j in c T i iH e c K o n s c T e T iiK H T e p n o n u p a .T ic a n p e í K f l e B c e r o n a m a t c p 11 a ; i 11 cthh e c k pi e n p i iH H i in b i :)CTOtiikii p e B O J i i o n iu m - h h x f le M O K p a T O B , H a e e H fle n o b h c o k o í í 0 6 in ,e cT B eH H 0 H p o r a n c K y c c T B a . I I p i i 3 T o m H e H T p a jib H o o M e c x o 3 a H H M a e T y T e p u 6 o p b 6 a n p o T H B T e o p m i «hh- C T o r o n c K y c c T B a » , B H flB H raG M O H T i i T y M a ñ o p e c K y h e r o n o c jiG ^ o B a T G J iH M ii . B 3TO ÍÍ H O JieM H K e T c p a n o K a 3 a J i c g 6 h 6 jiecT H iu ,M M h o p n r H H a J ib H H M K p H T ii - k o m . H o C o r a r a n o h h t h o r p o M H b iñ M a T e p i i a j i , n o f l f l e p f f ia B m H H e r o b stoíí 6 o p b 6 e , p yM W H C K H H k p h t h k , h g c o m h g h h o , H a n i c j i y E c j i H H C K o r o . B b i m c m u npxiBeJiH cjioBa T e p u , b K O T o p b ix o h , 6 o p H C b 3 a nepeflOBLic H^eaJiM b n c K y c - c T B e , c c b u t a e T C f l Ha npasiep p y c c K o r o J iH T c p a T y p H o r o HanpaBJieHHH, B03rJiaB- JIHBHierOCH E eJIH H C K H M II l e p H e H O M . P yM bIH C K H H K pH T H K IIO/IH('p K IIB a CT c i t . ' i y 3 T o r o H a n p a B J ie H H H , o f íy c J io B J ie H H y io t ü m , h t o o h o h c 3 a M H K a J io c b b y 3 K o i í ( { l o j i M y j i c « M i ic T o r o n c K y c c T B a » . C a M b iM H H T e p e cH H M flJ in H a c j i b j i h c t c h t o , h t o , C J ie f ly n n p i i M e p y B e J iH H C K o r o h H e p H H i u e B C K o r o , F e p n c M a c T e p c T B O M n o J ie M i ic T a n n iu e T n ,e J iy io c e p n i o o p H n i H a j i b H b i x C T a T e ñ n p o T H B peaK H H O H H O Ü K p H T H K II C B O erO B p e M C H II .

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1 C. D O BR O G E AN U -G H ER EA, Studii critice, yol. I, cip. 37.

393

h cctbo BbicTyriaioT «TaK Him im ane TeHflemjmi a n o x ii, oöm ecTBa, b k o to - poM oh >khbct. 3HaHiiT, — miHicT /jajiee TepH , — iicKyccTBa 6o3 HanpaB- J10HHH H ÖLITb He MOÎKCT. HcTeHflCHHH03H0r0 HCKyCCTBa He ÖHJIO, HOT 11 HiiKorfla He ßyfleT»1 . B noflTBopHxfleHHe TepH roBopiiT o tom , h to «bcjihkhc no3Ti»i Bcex HapoAOB bo bcb an oxn Bbipá>KajiH BejiHKiie cou,najibHbie h^ch , il MCM K p ym iee 6 hjim s th liflen , tom mx TBopnecTBO n ojm ee OTpaîKaJio CTpeM- jiohiih arioxH h Hapopa»2. M HH»e yTBepjKftaeT: «coniiajii.uiiio Hflen n TCHflCH- HHH HBJIHIOTCH ropHHCH, ÎKHBOH KpOBbK) OpraHH3Ma, Ha3HBaeM0I’0 HCKyCCT- BOM, KOTOpHH miTaeTCH H HtHBeT HMH. YTBepîKAaTb, HTO COH,HaJIbHbie HflCH h TCHflCHHHH — HTO-TO coBccM HyjK^oe iicK yccT B y, — to >Ke caM oe, HTO 3aHBJIHTb, GyflTO KpOBb MOvKt'T ßblTb aßcOJIIOTHO Hy>Kfla HCJIOBeHCCKOMy opraHH3My»3.

CxOflHbie MHCJII1 O JIHHHOCTH XyßOJKHHKa , O TCOpiIIl «HiicToro HCKyCCTBa » C 60JIbIH0H CHJIOH ßblJIH Bbipa>KeHH H BejIHHCKHM B OrO CTaTbHX , 3H3K0M- CTBO C KOTOpblMH nOflTBepHiflaeT TOT <J)aKT, HTO, HeCMOTpH Ha HCCKOJIbKO fleCHTHJieTHH, pa3flCJIHK)Hl,HX pyMHHCKOrO H pyCCKOrO KpiITlIKOB, Tepfl c 60JIBHI0H HyTKOCTI.K) yjIOBHJI 11 yCBOllJI flyXOBHbie IJCHHOCTH, CTO Jib Ba>IxHbie, MO/KHO ^a/Ke CKa3aTb, H{H3HCHHO HCOÔXOflHMblC aJIfl pa3BIITHH COBpOMeHHOrO eMy HCKyCCTBa h JiHTepaTypbi. Be3ycJi0BH0, Tepn He npocTo 3aiiMCTBOBaji h x y BeJiiiHCKoro, ho TBopnecKH ocbohji ochobhm c h^ch 3Toro BeJiiiKoro «OTKpblBaTCJIH HOBbIX nyTCH», HTO HBJIfleTCH ÔOJIblHOH 3aCJiyr0II pyMHHCKOrO KpiITIIKa .

B /(O K a sa T C J ib C T B o n p u n e ^ c M H C K O T o p b ie iiojiovkchiiìì B e j iH H C K o r o , K p a c H o p e H iiB O r o B o p n m i i e o >kh3hchhocth e r o H a c J ie f l i m , n o c j i y > K H B in e r o T e o p e T H H e c K o i i o c H O B o i i flJiH 6 o p b 6 b i / J , o 6 p o f l H î a H y - r e p i i i i p o T i iB « H i i c T o r o H C K y C C T B a » . 0 6 OÔyCJIOBJICHHOCTH JIHHHOCTH H 0 3 T a oßlH O CTBO M B eJIH H C K H H n u c a j i b C T a T b e « C T i i x o T B o p e m m M. J lep M O H T O B a » : «HeM B b im e h o s t , tcm 6 o J ib in e i ip im a f lJ ie H ìH T oh o 6 m ,e c T B y , c p e ^ H K O T o p o r o oh p o f l H J i c n , TeM T e c - H e e C B H 3 a H 0 p a 3 B H T i i e , H a n p a B J ie m ie n « a æ e x a p a K T e p e r o T a J ia H T a c hcto- p H H ecK H M p a 3 B H T iie M o 6 i n ,e c T B a » .

B apyroM MOCTC oh oTMenaji, hto ycJioBim TajiaHTa coctoht «b A y x e ,5KH3HII H pa3BHTHH, CJI0B0M --- B HCTOpHH HapOfla , Cpeflbl, B KOTOpOH poflHJICHn 0 3 T » 4 .

B CTaTbe «CTiixoTBopcHiiH AnojiJioHa TpHropbeBa» KpiiTiiK m icaji o tom , hto 6e3 ecTecTBOHHoro TajiaHTa hcbo3moh<ho ßHTb n03T0M, ho h oflHoro TajiaHTa M ajio, «hohosmoìkho oöohthcb 6e3 >kiiboh , KpoBHou CHMnaTim c flyxoM , HanpaBJieHHeM, Ha/i;e>KflaMH, pa^ocTHMH h 6ojie3HHMH, — cjiobom, CO BCeM flOÖpOM H 3JI0M CBOeH 3HOXH»5.

T a K H<e HOTKO 3B ynaT cJioBa BeJiiiHCKoro 0 6 aßcypflHOCTii 11 H aflyM aH - HOCTH «HHCTOrO HCKyCCTBa». B CTaTbe «COBpeMeHHbie 3aM eTKH» BeJIHHCKHH B03pan<aeT n oß op m iK a M T e o p m i «HHCToro HCKyCCTBa»: «IIp aB O , n o p a 6 bi nepecT aT i. B cnoM im aT b 0 KaK 0M-T0 h h cto m h aßcTpaKTHOM iicK y ccT B e ,

1 Ta.u Me, vol. I, CTp. 79.2 TaM Me, vol. I, CTp. 80.3 T a M M e .4 B. T. BEJIHHCKHH, IIojiHoe co6p. con., Ha«. AH CCCP, 1953— 1956, t . VI,

CTp. 122.5 Ta.u Me, t . IX , CTp. 592.

394

KOToporo HHKorfla h Hiirfle h c G h jio » 1 . T o >Ke c a n o e yTBcp>KflacTCH KpuTii- KOM h B cTaTbe «B 3 r jiflfl Ha pyccK yio JiHTepaTypy 1 8 4 7 r o f la » , b K o io p o i i oh k TOMy >Ke OTMcnaeT, h to cjiyjKeHHO oßmecTBCHHUM H H xepecaM — s to h co 6 - xoflHMoe ycJioBiie ncKyccTBa, h OTHHMaTb y Hero s to npaBO — 3HaniiT y 6 ii- BaTb e ro .

H a TpaflHHHH pyCCKOH pCBOJHOHHOHHO-flCMOKpaTHHCCKOH 3CTeTHKH o n i l l l - p a jicH ^ ],o6 p o fl/K a H y -rep H h b noHHMaHiui n cK yccT B a KaK B0Ciip0ii3BeACHHHfleHCTBHTCJILHOCTH H Bbipa/KeH H H o6lIi;eCTBeHHOrO C03HaHHH, H OCOÖCHHO ----B TpaKTOBKC BonpocoB pcajiH 3M a.

P e a jiH C T H H e cK H C T p a fliiH H H p y c c K O H J iH T e p a T y p ii i h s c t o t h k h i i o M o r j i u py 'M L IH C K O M y K p H T H K y n O H H T b nO TpCO H O C TIl I ie p e flO B O ii p yM H H C K O H J IH T C p a - T y p b i , 6 o p o T b C H 3 a y T B e p > K flC H n e 11 p a cu ,B C T b H c i i n e p e f l O B o r o p c a j i u c T i i H e - c K o r o H a n p a B j ie H H H . H s t o 0 6 c T 0 H TCJibCTB0 H M e jio n oH C T H H e o r p o M H o e 3 n a - H O H iie j j j i h fleH T eJibH O C T H T c p i i . B K O H ije X I X - r o b c k b , K o r ^ a b C T p a r a x 3 a n a f lH O H E ß p o n b i J iH T e p a T y p y H aBO flH H JiH H a T y p a j i h s m h ^ p y r n e « h o b c ì ì - H i i i e » T e n e H iiH f lC K a ji;e H T C K o ro n c K y c c T B a , /J ,o 6 p o f l H c a H y - r e p H C M o r n p o T i i - B O C T O flT b B CC M y 3T O M y n O T O K y H TeopC TH H CC K H y T B C p flH T b flOCTH }KeH H H H C K y C - C TBa K a p a ji ;> K á J ie , 9 M H H e c K y , K o n r ó y n a h f l p y r i i x p y M H H C K H X K J ia c c H K O B .

3aHj,iiTa p e a J iH 3M a h o flH o 113 caMux « p K i i x B b iC T y iu ie H iti i / I ,o6p o ,n -

> K a H y - r e p n n p o T H B H a T y p a j i i i3M a co A e p > K H T c a b e r o C T a T b e 0 T y p r e H C B o .

O n u p a n c b H a o i j c H K y , n o T o p y i o ftaJi T y p r c H C B y ,H,o6poJiK )6o B , l ' e p a n i i i u e T :

« O H 3aHHWajICH CaM blM H >KH BO Tpenem yU ],H M H flJIH P o c c h h B o n p o c a M i i ,

n o K a 3H B a n b c b o h x 3aM eH aT O Jib H bix K a p T H H a x b c c , h t o k h h c j i o b c T p a H O ,

B e e , h t o B O JiH O B ajio e r o p o f l i iH y » . ^ a j i e e p y M H H C K iiii K p H T H K u o K a s b i B a e T ,

h t o Taima i ic K J iK m iT e J ib H o r o b j i h h h h h p y c c K o r o n n c a T e J iH , n p e B o c x o f l f i m e r o

BJiHHHHC K p y i iH e ñ u iH X H iic a T e J ie ii O p aH U ,H H 11 A h i u i h h , o ö ^ h c h h c t c h h t c m , HTO x a p a K T e p H o i í n e p T o i i T B o p n e c T B a T y p r e H e B a h b j i h c t c h TaKH<e « e r o p e a -

JIJI3M, p e a J IH 3M , HOHHTHH B CaMOM JiyH IH CM , B HaCTOameM CM blCJie 3T0r 0 c J io B a » 2 .

TepH n oK a3biB acT , h to «oTBpaTiiTejibHH H peajiH 3M » — HaTypaJiH 3M ,C T O pO H H H K aM II K O T o p o r o BHCTynaiOT yH C H H K H 3 oJIH, ---- HO ÍIBJIHCTCH IIOJI,-JIIIHHblM H C K yC C T B O M . C a M O l’ O 3 o J I H , O rO B ap iIB aC T C H p yM U H C K H H K p iI T H K , MO/KHO H O C T aB IlT b pilflOM C 3THM H nilC aTC JIH M H JIH Ü lb yCJIOBHO, T a K K a K OH OTJIIlHaJICH OT H IIX «CBOHM ÖOJIbHIHM T a J ia H T O M , K O T O pbIM HC BJiaflCJI HII OflHH H 3 e r o n o c j i e ^ o B a T e j iC H » 3 . B n p o H 3 B e fl¡e H H H x n u c a T e j i e ñ T a K H a 3 b iB a e M o ii «n iK O J ib i 3 o j i h » H3o6pa?KaeTCH H e n e J iO B e K , a 3B epb b HeJioBeKe. B e c c M b ic J ie H - H b ie oH H ca H H H O T fleJ ib H H X f l C T a j i e i i , n o p H o rp a < f> H H e c K H e c n e i i M H a tb ic h h h C T p a m m H M e io T n ,e J ib io b o h t o 6 b i t o h h CTajio æ o ô h tb c h y c n e x a y 6 y p > K y - a3HOH n yß jiH K H .

B npoTHBonoJiOîKHocTb 3 TOMy TypreHCB Bcer^a h npc/K^e Beerò h cjio - BeK; oh BbicTynaeT rjiyßoKHM ryMamicTOM, a noTOMy h iioajihhhbim pcaJinc- TOM. MHTepecHO, HTO flJiH onpefleJieHHH TypreHCBCKoro TBopnecTBa Tepn Hcnojib3yeT BbipajKemie «nanHonaJibiibrir peaJiii3M», jnejiaa no^nepKnyTb stiim ryMaHHCTHHecKHH xapaKTep B een pyccKOH JiiiTepaTypbi.

1 Tüm Me, t . X , CTp. 9 2 .2 C . D O B R O G E A N U - G H E R E A , Sludii critice, v o l . I I , CTp. 3 3 6 .3 Tom x e .

395

B C T aT bH X p yM H H C K O rO K p iI T I I K a , n O C B flm ,eH H H X 3TH M B o n p o c a M , m o /K h o o f í H a p y jK i i T b h H e K O T o p i i o c J ie ^ H 3H aK O M C T B a c p a ñ o T a M H B e m i H C K o r o . T a K , H a H H H a a C T a T b io « lÜ T e ^ a H X y ^ H H » , T e p a n n n i e T , h t o e c T b y T B c p - JKfleH H H , C T a B m H e o 6 m e H 3 B e C T H b IM H , K O T O p b ie n O B T O p flW T C H IIOCTOHHHO e p e f lH HHX— H y T B e p jK flC H H C O TOM , HTO « J I llT C p a T y p a flO JI/K H a f)H T b 3C pK aJIO M ?K H 3H ]1». H o B c e j i h o c o 3 H a i o T n o flJ iH H H b iñ c m h c j i 3 T o r o y T B c p jK flt 'H H J i? — c n p a i u n - B a c T F e p í i . M , O TB O H an n a c b o í i B o n p o c O T p im a T C J ib H o , o h c a M p a c K p b iB a e T r J iy ñ o K H Ü c m h c j i 9 T i ix « o 6 in ;e H 3 B e c T H b ix c j i o b » : « B b iT b 3 e p K a j i o M HyH3HH — 3 T y B e j i i i K y i o h S j i a r o p o f l H y i o n ,e j ib B c e r / j a ,n,0JiH\Ha cT a B H T b n e p e f l c g 6 q h J i H T c p a T y p a . 9 t o 0 3 H a n a e T , h t o J iH T e p a T y p a # 0 J i/K H a 0 T p a > K a T b >KH3Hb o 6 m e c T B a c o b c c m h e r o 6 o jie 3 H H M H , r o p e c T H M H h p a f lo e T H M H . ^ In T a H n p o i i s - B eflO H iiH J i H T e p a T y p w , 0 6 in ,e c T B 0 ^ o j i h í h o B H fle T b c e 6 f i b h i i x K a K b 3 e p K a J ie , A ,o j i> k h o y 3 H a B a T b b h h x c e 6 n , a J iH T e p a T y p a f lo .U K H a 6 b iT b B b ip a sK C H iieMC03H3HHH HaHHII»1.

TaKoe noHHMaHHe sto íí (JopMyjibi bocxo^ h t k BejiHHCKOMy. Ilpn stom mh HMecM b BHfly He TGJibKo HajiiiHHe y Tepu o 6 h h h h x fljm pyccK oro Kpu- THKa BbipajKeHHH: «jiHTepaTypa — 3epKajio o 6 m;ecTBa», «BbipajKeHiie co3Ha- hhh Hapopa» (C jiobo «na p o fl» EeJiHHCKira TaK>Ke ynoTpe6 jiHeT b cmhcjio H am m ), ho h caMyro cyTb BHCKa3biBaHiiH pyMHHCKoro KpHTHKa, ero yTBop- HtfleHue o tom , h to 0 6 mecTB0 ji,oji>kho y3HaBaTb ce 6 n b JiHTepaType, a jiHTepaxypa — b jihhtb Ha pa3BHTHe o 6 m,ecTBCHHoro co3HamiH.

BeJiHHCKHH He p a 3 ro B o p u ji o to m , h t o 06m;ecTB0 H axofliiT b ji i iT c p a - T y p e cb o h ) n o ^ J im in y io >kh3i í l , B osB e flem iy io b H ^ ea ji, n poB efleH H yio n e p o 3 C03HaHHC, HTO HCKyCCTBO OTpaHíaeT >KH3IIb He naCCHBHO, paBH O flym H O , a , H aiipO TIlB , HBJIHOTCH Bbipa/KOHHCM COBpCMeHHOrO C03H3 HHH.

P a 3p a 6 aTbiBaH T e o p u io T iu ji in e c K o r o , B c j ih h c k h h HeoflHOKpaTHO y i - B epíK fla jI, HTO B H3BeCTHOM CMbICJie (JtaKT HCKyCCTBa Bbirae (|)aKTa WH3HH, t . k . o h coflepjK H T b c e 6 e o 6 o 6 m oH u e; xapaK T opH bie nepT bi flejiaiOT o ó p a 3 ñ oJiee «H0 X03KHM Ha fleííCTBHTeJIbHOCTb HCM CaMa flOHCTBllTOJIbHOCTb». 0 Ta HfleH f ín jia BocnpiiH H Ta ^ocToeB C K H M , Ha K O T op oro ccb iJ iaeT cn pyMbiHCKHH K piiT iiK , K o r ^ a , o n u p a n c b Ha n p o H 3BefleHHH BCJiiiKoro p y M b in cK oro caTii- piiK a M . J I . K a p a ^ H ía jie , 6 jiecTHin,e pacK p H B aeT 0 CH0 BHyi0 3aKOHOMepHOCTb p e a jii ic T i in e c K o r o n cK y ccT B a . T o B o p « o n 0 JiH0 K p0 BHbix /K iib h x x a p a K T e p a x , C03j3,aHHbix b KO M efluax K a p a fljK a jie , k p h t h k OTMenacT rJ iy S oK oe BH yTpeH- H ee COOTBCTCTBHe M OKfly HX CJIOBaMH H X apaK T epaM H . «B 3T0M cm h c jio 6 h j i n p a B BejiHKHH pyccK H H n iica T e jib ^ o cT o e B C K iiií, — n iim eT o h a a jie e , — KOTopHH yTBepn<3 a ji , h t o noflJiiiHHO x y p ,0 HíecTBeHH0 e n p o H 3Be^eHHe n p a B - flHBee p e a jib H o ii jk h 3h h . B caMOM p,ejie — b t o b p cm h KaK b fleiícTB H T ejib- IIOCTII JIIOflH HaCTO COBepHiaiOT HOCTynKH II TOBOpHT 4>pa3H , He XapaKTOpHblO h jih He n o K a 3aTeJibHHe ^ jih h h x , b n p oH 3BefleHHH n cK y ccT B a n a h ^ h h n o c T y - n o K , Kaw:ji,aH <j>pa3a ^ o j i jk h h 6 h t b h h b j ih io t c h xapaK TepH H M H flJiH r e p o n . H B 3T0 M nepeHOCHOM CMHCJie Mbl [TO>Ke] MOHíeM CKa3a T b , HTO THHH, C0 3 « a H - Hbie K a p a flH ía jie , 6 oJiee n p a B ^ iiB H , neM T e , K o r a p n e cym ,ecT B yioT b p e a j ib - H oii 5k h 3h ii . KaiKflaH <|)pa3a , Ka^Kflbiñ n o cT y n o K p iic y e T x a p a K T ep neJiOBeKa.

1 C. D O BR O G E AN U -G H ER EA, Studii critice, vol. II, C T p. 310.

396

KaæflaH <j>pa3a xapaKTepHa ajih Toro, kto co npoii3HociiT, flanîo h Tor^a, Korfla OHa KajKCTCH caTiipiinecKii HpeyBeJiiiHeHHoii»1.

B TO B pCM H K a K npO T H B H H K H T e p H H aXO flH JIIl MHI1MHO npO T H B O peH IIH B e r o B 3 r a H fl ;a x (Sv^to 6 m oh cT a B H T n c K y c c T B O to b i j u i c , to h h /k o n p n p O f l H ) , K pH T IIK C HOTKHX M aT epH ajIH C T H H eC K H X n 0 3 H H H H o 6 ï>HCHHJI, H T O , HBJIHHCb BOCnpOH3BCflCHHeM flOÎiCTBH TeJIbH O CTH , HCKyCCTBO H H K O rfla HO MOHSOT M C M epiiaT I) eO ß o r a T C T B O , H B 3TOM CM HCJie ÆOHCTBHTCJIbHOCTb BbHHO H C K y c c T B a . H o , flo ß a B J iH J i T e p n , c f l p y r o i i c T o p o H H , «x y A O iK H H K B H Ô iip a c T H a n ô o J ie e x a p a K T e p H b ie nepTM, O T Ô p a c b iB a n H e x a p a K T e p H o e h H e n o K a 3 a T O J ib H o e , h b. 3TOM C M b ic jie m m , c o r j i a ïu a H C b c ,I],0C T 0eB C K H M , y T B e p îK A a e M , hto n c K y c - CTBO B b im e n p u p o f l b i » 2 .

K KOHD,y X I X B e K a y n c H i i e E e j i i m c K o r o o p e a jiH 3 M O , p a 3 B iiB u iH C b b T p y f l a x p e B ().iK )H ii0 H H ()- ;;e M 0 K p a T H 4 C C K iix k p h t h k o b , c T a j i o a ° c t o h h h c m B e e n p y c c K O H j i H T e p a T y p H . K p o M e T o r o , b p a 3 p a 6 o T K y T e o p H H p e a J iH 3 w a BHeCJIH CBOH B K J ia fl H f l p y r H e K p iIT H K H , B TOM HHCJIC H CaM ,H,06p 0f l ! K a H y -

I 'e ] )H , T 3 K HTO npaK T H H O C K H O T fleJIH T b T O , HTO «n p H H a ^ JIC /K H T » H C K JIIO m i- TOJIbHO E e J IH H C K O M y , B O C bM a T p y flH O .

T e o p e T i in e c K o e HacJieAHe h n p H M cp 0 6 iu,ecTB0HH0 -JiHTepaTypH0 H a ch - TCJIbHOCTH pyCCKHX peBOJIK)I],IIOHHHX flOMOKpaTOB, B HaCTHOCTll EeJIHHCKOro , OKa3a.UH BJiiiHHHo h Ha JiHTepaTypHO-KpHTHHecKiie B3rJiHflbi ,n,o6pofl}KaHy- r e p a . OnHT pyccKHX kphthkob 6hji ncn0Jib30BaH hm c ßoJibiuiiM ycnexoM — oôcTOHTeJibCTBO, Ha KOTopoc HeoflHOKpaTHo o6pain,ajiocb BniiManiie b p a6o- T a x nocJieflHHX JieT o T epe. KpiiTHK-ßopen 3 a nepeflOBHo oßmecTBeHHbie H fle a .ib i HBJifioTCH flJiH TepH 0Ôpa3H0M. T a K i ix ßopijoB oh bhacji npeîKAO Beerò b Jiime EeJiHHCKoro h ^lepHbiineBCKoro. O tom , h to hmchho hx a ch - TOJIbHOCTb BOOflyraeBJIHJia pyMHHCKOTO KpiITHKa, CBHAeTOJIbCTByiOT lie TOJibKO ero npHMbie 3aHBJieHHH 0 6 stom , n e TOJibKO t o t <JmKT, hto oh HasBaji >Kyp- H a ji CBOH « K o H T e M n o p a H y ji » (no o 6 p a 3 u ,y p y c c K o r o «CoBpcMOHHHKa»), ho h ero «aojio » — e r o KpHTiiHCCKHe cTaTbH abvx nocJieflHHX acch th ;icth ìì npoHiJioro BeKa, b KOTopbix oh He orpaHHHHBaJiCH KOHCTaTaHiieä KaKHX-jinßo (J>aKTOB, a BHCTynaji nofljiiiHHbiM 6 opn;oM.

B o n e H K e T B o p n e cT B a p y c c K H X n n c a T e J ie ñ ,I l ,o 6 p o A /K a H y -r e p H , e c T e - CTBeHHO, H en ocpeA C T B eH H O o n u p a e T C H H a p a ô o T b i peBOJilOHHOHHbix fleM O K p a - TOB, x oT H h He B c e r f la ccb iJiaeT C H H a h h x . n o c J ie A H e e 0 6 c T 0HT&JibCTB0 o6 t> h - CHHeTCH, A yM aeT C H , t o m , h t o pyM biH C K an n yÔ J iH K a, H e 3fla io iu ,aH p y c c K o r o H 3 H K a , B e e paBH O H e C M orjia 6 h B ocn oJ ib 3 0 B a T b C H 3 th m h ccH .H K aM ii ; n o a - TOMy H H orA a T o p n y K a 3 b iB a cT Ha AOCTynHHC pyM H H C K O ii nyÔ JiH K e ij)p a H H y 3 - C K iie HCTOHHHKH. H o o n b iT p y c c K o f i KpHTHKH H OM or J J o i îp o A /K a H y -r e p e 11 B OHeHKe HBJI6 H H H p yM biH C K oii j i i iT e p a T y p b i . T a K , H a n p i iM o p , o i je H K a , A a H H a iI BeJIHHCKHM n 033H H J lep M O H T O B a, HCTOJIKOBaHHe e r o p a30 H ap 0B aH H H KaK CJICACTBHH HCyAOBJieTBOpeHHOCTH COBpeMeHHOH ACHCTBHTeJIbHOCTbK) nOMOrJIII pyM bIH CKOM y K pH T H K y rJiyÔOKO nOHHTb H HCTOJIKOBaTb neCCHM H3M , p a s o n a - [lO B airiie 3 M H H ecK y K aK n op o> K A eH iie K O H K peTH bix o6m ,ecTB C H H bix y c J io B n i i .

H a K O H e n , CHHTaeM He j ih ih h i i m y K a 3 a T b n a t o , h t o ^ ,o 6p oA > K a H y - T e p H HCHbiTbiBaji BJiHHHHe cTiiJiH B c J iH H C K o ro . H a n p H M o p , b C T aT bo « J I h h -

1 C. D O B R O G E AN U -G H ER EA, Studii critice, vol. II, CTp. 79.2 Tau M e , vol. I, CTp. 188.

397

HOCTb l i H paBC TB CH H O CTI) B I lC K y C C T B e » , O n H C H B aH B O 3M yiU ,0H Iie MOJIOflOrO n o 3 T a n p o T H B p a 3 B p a T H o r o o 6 iu ,c c T B a , P e p a r o B o p H T , h t o e r o n p o H 3 B e flC H H e— 3TO « K p i iK 6 0 JIII, B S p b lB np O T O C T a n p O T H B yHH JKÉH H H H OJIOBeH eCKOrO flO C T O - i iH C T B a »1 . B c e n o c T p o e H i i e (J ipa3L i 11 H e K O T o p b ie O T fle j ib H H e B H p a jK e H i ia 3 / j e c b H a n o M iiH a io T a n a a n 3 jie p M O H T O B C K o ìi « ^ y M b i » , f la H H b rä b c T a T t e E e j i i m - C K o r o « C r a x o T B o p e i iH H J le p M O H T O B a » ( c m . B u p a jK e H i i a « r a y G i r a a o c K p o ö J iC H - H o r o f l y x a » , « B o n .n b n e j i o B C K a , . . . o c K o p Ö J ie H H o r o n o 3 o p o M o 6 in ,e c T B a » 2 h f l p . ) . O c o ß e H H O m i i p o K O i i c n o j i b 3 y e T P e p a C B O H CTB eH H bie E e jiH H C K O M y B u p a jK é H H H , x a p a K T e p i i 3 y j o m n e h b j i g h h h b h x p i ia j i e K T i iH e c K o n c j i o ì k h o c t h h n p o T i i B o p e a i i B o c T i i 11 a i u i a r o i u i i e c a C B o e o 6 p a 3 H H M ii a H T i iT e 3 a M i i , n a n « c h m - n a T H H h a H T ir a a T H H » , « p a ^ o c T i i 11 6 o j i e 3 H i i » 11 n p .

Byflyra n p o r p e c c i iB H b i M K p i iT i iK O M -M a T e p n a j in c T O M , 2,o6pofl}KaHy-repa, K a K 3 T 0 y H ie 6 b i j i o O T M e n e H o i i c c j i e f l O B a T e j i a M i i , c y M e J i n o f lH H T b c a B b irn e COBpCM CH H OH C M y 3 a n a f lH 0 -e B p 0 n e H C K 0 H K p iIT IIK H , <j)HJIOCO<|)CKOH OCHOBOH K O T O pO Ìi ßblJI II03H T H B H 3M II K O T O paH H OCH Jia C 0 3 e p H a T C JI h III >1H X a p a K T C p . J I , o 6 p o f l ì K a H y - r e p H h c h h . t 11 n c n 0 J i b 3 0 B a . i f lo cT H H tcH H H 3 T 0 IÌ K p iiT H K H ( H a n p n - M e p , T a m i ) o c o ö c h h o b o iíC H K e O T fle j ib H b ix n i i c a T O J ie ñ , b T a K i ix c j i y a a a x h c C K y n a c b H a n o x B a .T ib i n o e e a p p e c c y . Ü H o r f l a , o c o G c h i i o b T e o p e r a n e c K i i x y T B e p H i f lC H i ia x , o h p a H ìe H c o n p a B f l a i n i o n p e y B e j i i i H i i B a j i p o j i b T a K Ha3H- B a o M o ii «H a y H H O H » , « o ß b a c H a r o i H e i i » K p iiT H K H . Ho b j i y 'i n i H X c b o i i x p a o o T a x o h c a M h o o c T a H a B J i i iB a J ic a H a , , o 6 b a c H e H i i i i “ , a b T e o p e T i ia e c K O M m ia H e cyM C Ji H O A B P p rH y T b K p H T H K e H O K O TO pH C OCHOBHblO n p H H H llI Ib l II yT B C pH ìflO H H H TOrO ;k o T 3 H a . T a K c J i y a i i J i o c b , H a n p H M e p , c T p a K T O B K O ii B o n p o c a o p a s o n a p o B a H i i n , « 6 o j i c 3 h i i B C K a » . P yM bT H C K H ii K p iiT iiK h o y a o B J i c T B o p i i j i c a o ß b H C H e H iie M n e c c n - M H 3M 3 BJIHHHH.eM <jn!.:iOeO(J>CKHX H flC IÌ , JIIIHHblM X a p a K T e p O M n ilC a T e J ie H H JIH , o c o - ßCHIIO , H p H p O flH H M H eCOBepH IO H CTBOM H W IOBCK a . P Ip iIB e flH o ß lH I ip H y iO H H T a T y H 3 « M c T o p H H a H r J iH i i c K o i ì J i i i T e p a T y p b i » T o n a , r f l e f l a c T c a o c B e n je H i i e « 6 o j i e 3 H i i B CK a » B TOM >KC H fleaJIH CTIlH CCKOM f ly X O H C T O p H K O -J IH T e p a T y p H O IÌ IH K O JIbl, T o p a n p O flO J i /K a e T : « n o e J i e T o r o , K a K o h n o K a 3 a j i , H a cK O J ib K o >Kii3H eH H O B a - > k c h s t o t B o n p o c , m u n p e f l n o J i a r a e M , f la ìK e o a u m a e M n o J iy M iiT b a c H b i i ì h n p a M O H OTBCT H a H c r o . Ho h m c h h o 3 f l e c b h n p o a B J i a i o T c a H e ^ o c T a T K ii T a n a h e r o C T o p o H H iiK O B . B m c c t o T o r o , h t o 6 m C K a 3 a T b h t o - t o H C H oe i i T o a H o e , O H ii H a H ii3 H B a io T K p a c i i B H e $ p a 3 h i , p a c n p o c T p a H a i o T c a o K p a c i i B b i x B e n j a x , h o H M oio iH H X H H H e ro o 6 m ;e r o c B o n p o c o M h j i h i t m c i o i h i ì x c h i im j n i n i b BCC bM a O T fla J ie H H y io C B H 3 b . T o B o p a T o c a M b ix p a 3 H H X B e m ;a x H a n p a B iiJ ib H O M h ñ o r a T O M H 3biK C b T aK O M n p c K p a c H O M h B n e a a T J ic io m e M C T H jie , h t o , o k o h h i i b H T eH IIO , M H B 3 B 0 J IH 0 B a H b I, B O C X lIIH e H iI , HO B O H pO C flJIH H aC OTH IO flb H e n p O H C -h i i j i c h »3 .

TaKHM o6pa30M, HecMOTpa Ha cboh «M arm ili»— no 0 T3 iiBaM coBpeMOH- hhkob— xapaKTep, f lo ó p o s a ía n y -re p a cyMCJi He to jibk o npii3HaTb OTfleJibHHe OHeHKii TaHa, ho h Bbipa3iiTb cBoe HecorJiacne c HeKOTopbiMii ochobhhm ii noJio- HìCHiiaMii ero yneraia . n o ero coöcTBemioMy npii3HaHiiio, Tepa 6 pan H3 sanaflHoii KpiiTiiKii TO.TbKO t o , HTO eMy «Kaaajiocb BepHbiM». n03T0My y Hero HepeflKii 3aaBJiCHiia cjicflyioinero 3apaKTepa: «T eopua TsHa 0 6 onpe^enaio-

1 C. D OBR O G E AN U -G H ER EA, Studii critice, vol. I, CTp. 39.2 B. r . BEJIMHCKHM, n oM oe coòp. con., t . IV , c ip . 522.3 C. D OBR O G E AN U -G H ER EA, Studii critice, vol. I, CTp. 102.

398

iu ,h x KanecTBax h n o p o j K A a i o m i i x [ n p n n n H a x ] noKasajiacb MHe M C T a(j)H 3M - H e c K o i i , h o coBceM B e p H o i i » . B t o i i H<e C T a T t o T e p f l n i i i n c T : « 3 f l ,e c b h o t M e c T a A j ih Toro, h t o 6 h r o B o p i i T b o M H o m x f l p y n i x n y H K T a x , b n o T o p u x h c o b c c m H e c o r j i a c e H c o B 3 r jiH 3 a M ii TaHa»1 . Pa6ora: n p o r p e c c H B H b i x k p h t i i k o b h 3CTCTH KOB 3 a n a f lH O H E B p o n b l flaBaJIH, T3KM M o6pa30M, 0 rpaHHTOHHHH M a T C - p n a j i f l j i a p e m c H H H o c h o b h h x B o n p o c o B M a T e p n a ji i ic T M H e c K O H 9 c t o t h k h h nporpeccHBHOii j in T c p a T y p H O H k p h t h k h . 8 t o o G iiflC H fle T HaM, noHCMy b j i h h - h h o p y c c K o i i p oB O J u o iiiio H H o -fle M O K p a T H H O C K O H m h c j i h n p n o f i p e j i o T a K t ie p a 3 M e p u h 0 6 y c j i 0 B i « i 0 J i y n n m e a o c t h h { o h h h , c a M b ie i^ o H im e f l j i n H a c C T o p o n b i k p h t h k h J],o6 poA>KaHy-repii h ero nocJic,noBaTejieH.

Ha a cT O T H K y h J iH T e p a T y p H O -K p H T ir a e c K y io flO H T ejib H O C T b P a i iK y . M o H e c K y - P i i o H a h T a p a S c T a H G p y i u i m t y p y c c K i i e peB O JiJO H H O iiH bte f l e M O K p a r a 0 K a 3 a J iH B J iiiH H iie rJ ia B H H M 0 6 p a 3 0 M h n p e jK /i .e B c e r o n e p e 3 ,3 ,o 6 p o f l> K a H y - r e p i o h b o o 6 i h ,o a e p e 3 w y p H a j i « K o H T e M n o p a H y j i » , n o ji ; B 0 3 A e iic T B H e M H fle f i K O T O p O rO H aXO flH JICH K p y jK O K M OJIO flH X S b ip J ia flC K H X COIJHaJIHCTOB1 . B K p H T H - H e cK H X p a 6 o T a x M o H C C K y -P n o H a h M 6 p 9 H J u m y ( o c o 6 o h h o n e p B o r o n e p i i o f l a e r o f l e H T e j ib H o c T i i ) jK H B H e , f le f ic T B e H H h ie T p a flH ijH H p y c c K o i i J i i iT e p a T y p b i i i K pH T H K H o m y m a io T C H b p e m e H H ii T e x >Ke o c h o b h h x B o n p o c o B , H a K 0 T 0 p u e M bi y>KQ y K a 3 a j i n b c b h 3 h c ,3 ,o 6 p o f l > K a H y - r e p e H .

n p 0 H 3 B e ,a ,e H iiH p y c c K o i i j i H T e p a T y p n , b t o m H H CJie n H c a T e j i e i i p e B O J iK )- n,H 0 H H 0 - f l e M 0 K p a T iP ie c K 0 r 0 J i a r e p f i , H e K p a c o B a h I I J e f lp H H a , a T a i o n e t o o - p e T H H e c K n c p a 6 o T b i H e p H b im e B C K o r o m i i p o K o n p o n a r a H f l n p o B a j r a c b h n a c T o n y 6 j i H K O B a j i i i c b b H iy p H a ji e « K o H T e M n o p a H y j i » h b f l p y r n x n e p H O flH H c c K iix H 3 f la n i iH X T o r o B p e M e H H , a T aK >K e h b o T f l e j i b H b ix B u n y c K a x . P y c c K a n j i h t o - p a T y p a B o c n p i i H i i M a j i a c b nepe,n ,O B H M H p yM H H C K iiM H J iH T e p a T y p H b iM H f l e H - t c j i h m i i h K p y H H e fin iH M H n iica T e J iH M H T o r o B p eM eH H K a K o 6 p a 3 e n h H f le a j i n o f lJ iH H H o r o H C K y c c T B a h c J iy jK e H im n e p c f l O B H M p eB O J H oH iioH H H M H H T e p e c a M o 6 m ;e c T B a .

T a K , b c i a T b e « ,I ],e K a ^ e H T C K iie J i i i T e p a T y p b i » ( « L i t e r a t u r i l e d e c a d e n t e » ) , p a 3 o 6 j i a n a H p e a K H i i o i i i i b i e , n o c y r a , TO H flC H H iiii 6 y p > K y a 3 H o r o i i c K y c c T B a h

e r o n o r o H i o 3 a b h o i h h h m h $°PMaJIbHMMH 9<M>eKTaMHt P a f i K y M o H e c K y - P h o h o 6 p a m ,a e T C H k n p H M e p y p y c c K o i i J i i iT e p a T y p b i : « . . . c t o k h m ® a p o M o 6 c y > K fla e M b iH h &m h Bonpoc o h h c t o m n c K y c c T B e , — n u m e T p yM H H C K H H K p n -T IIK , ----- B b I3 B a jI 6 b l B P o CCHH I ipO H H aO C K H e y j I b lS K I l . T a M H CKyCCTBO H B JIH -eTCH oflHiiM H3 cnocoSoB HanSoJiee CBo6 o/i,Horo, Han6 oJiee 6e3onacHoro Bbipa- >KeHiiH o 6 m;ecTBeHHoro HeflOBOJibCTBa. Ka>KflHH pyccK nii nucaTejib n cn o jib - 3yeT cboh TajiaHT, *ito6 h HaHecTH yffap y/KacHOMy ii HecnpaBOflJiHBOMy n o jio - 5KOHIIK) Bemeii. KtO H3 IiailJHX TpyCJIHBblX XyflOJKHHKOB, flpOJKamilX npn MHCJI11 0 TOM, HTO HCKyCCTBO MOJKOT CflCJiaTbCH CJiyHiHTOJieM oSlHeCTBOHIIMX iiAcfi, pemHTCH yTBep>KflaTb, h to TypreHOB, ^ o c to cb ck h ii , ToroJib, K opojieH - ko yHH>Kajin HCKyCCTBO? Be3ycJi0BH0, oflHoii H3 npi«H H , no KOTopHM"pyc- CKoe HcnyccTBO TaK pacnpocTpaHeHO n jiioGhmo cero^HH b E Bpone, hb jih - c tch HMeHHO ero CTOJib ranpoKaH ajibTypucTnaecKaH 0 CH0 Ba, HMeHHO to ropflqee h rjiySoKoe conyBCTBiie k CTpaflamiHM 80-MHJiJinoHHoro H apo^a,K O T O P H M OHO n pO H H K H JTTO )>2 .

1 Cm. FL. NEAGOE, Lupta unui socialist ronun impotriva idealismului In sociologie (Raicu Ionescu-Rion) « Cercetari filosofice », nr. 2, 1959.

2 RAICU IONESCU RION, Datoria artei, E.S.P.L.A., 1959, CTp. 134— 135.

399

T a K o e >Ke B O C T o p H ie m io c O T H o n ie m ie k p y c c K o i i J i i i T e p a T y p e n i iT a j i c c a n o r o H a n a J ia n f l o K O H ija c B o e n fleH TCJiBH OCTH n T a p a S e T M 6 p 3 H J iH H y .

B oflHoñ H 3 c b o h x nepBBix cTaTeii, 03arjiaBJieHH0ii «KjiaccoBan n c n x o - jio i'h h», pasoSjianaH n o n iJ io c T B h nponaraH^y pa3BpaTa KaK npoHBJiemie iipoHHKHyBineH b JiHTcpaTypy CypjKyasHoii Mopajni, a Tak j k c npeHeGpo>Kii- TCJibHoro o t h o h i c h h h k H apofly, KpHTHK nuuicT, h to am «6jiaropo/i,HBie .Hynm», 3Tji pa(J)iiHiTpoBanHwc aroiicTU npiiKpBiBaioTCH c b o i i m pa30Hap0Ba- l in e M u « r p y C o c T B i o » cpcRU , a HfleajiBi, n o B H flO M O M y , f l e p w a T t o j i b k o «jih n a p a ^ a . « M a e K a n te T C H , h t o H i i r f l e H eT 6 o J i e e y a < a c H H X y c J i o B i i i i , n e M b P o c c h h , h Bee Hie Hnr^e HeT Jnopeii 6ojiee MopajiBHBix h 6jiaropofliiB ix, — riHHieT o h A a J i e e .— P y c c K H H p e B 0 J U 0 u ;H 0 H e p C K o p e e 6bi n o B e c n j i c H , hbm n o3- b o j ih j i ce6e o n o 3 o p i i T B >i;eny 6 e f l H o r o K p e c T B H H iiH a , b flOMe K O T o p o r o oh /KHB6T, KOTOpmi e r o KOpMlIT»1. (H 6 p 3 H J I H H y HMeeT B B H fly HOCTynOK OflHOrO ji3 repocB coBpeMeiiHoii eMy pyMHHCKoii JiiiTepaTypBi).

K p iiT H K a y » e o T M e n a j i a , h t o , o 6 b i h h o c f l e p /K a H H H i í , 1 1 6 p 3 H J iH H y f la B a j i b o j i k ) J iH p ii3 M y h B o c T o p r y , K o r /i ,a p e H B 3 a x o f lH J ia o p y c c K o i i J i i i T e p a T y p e . K p H T H K -n o J ie M H C T h 6 o p e u ; , r r a n ie T C a B H H B p a T y , B o o 6 in ,e p e f l K o e o c T a H a B - jiH B a eT C H n a 0 6 c T 0 H T eJ ibH 0 M p a 3 6 o p e . x y n ,o > K e cT B e H H B ix n p o i i3 B e j i ;e H i iH . « H o o h flC J ia e T s t o c o c o ó e H H o n 3 a 6 o T o i i , c o c o 6 e H H B iM y flO B O J iB C T B iie M , C K a 3 a jiH 6 b i m b i , K o r ^ a p e n B 3 a x o 6 i i T o T o j i c t o m h j i i i o T y p r e H C B e » 2 .

B 3Tiix c j iy n a n x r jiy G o K o e ii3yH eH iic M aT ep najia coneTaeTCH y M G p sn - JiHHy, KaK m im eT fla jie e CaBHH B p a T y , c BOCToproM KaK BBipaHteHHeM jihh- HOH npilBH3aHH0CTH K JIK>6hMHM miCaTeJIHM. H 3 TaKOrO OTHOHIOHHH KpHTHKa poflH JiacB h HCKJHOHHTeJiBHO BHCOKaH oijeH K a pH fla p y ccK H X nxicaTeJieii h aaMenaTOJiBHBiH aHaJiH3 xyn oH iecT B eH H oro M acTepcTB a T ypreH C B a h T o j i c T o r o .

IlpeflHOJIOHSIITeJIBHO MOHiHO rOBOpiITB H O TOM H3BeCTH0M BJIHHHHH, K O Topoe peBOJiiOHHOHHBie peMOKpaTBi 0K a3ajiH H enocpe^CTBeH H o Ha H o H e cK y - P n oH a h H 6paH JiH H y. AKaflCMHK M iix a ií P a n a , b n p o n u io M c o p a r a i iK H S p a n - JIHHy, rOBOpH 0 BJIHHHHH Ha KpHTHKa flOKTOpa P y c c e j i n , 3y6K y-K o,a ;p H H y h J ],o6 p oA > K a H y -rep u , yK a3B iB aeT, hto «n p n n o M o m ii s t h x S o p ijo B M 6 p 3 H - JiHHy 3HaKOMHJicH c Tpy^aM H T aK iix fleHTeJien KaK HepHMineBCKHH h B e jiH H - cK iii i»3 . 9 to yTBep>KAerinc m ojkh o TaiwKC oth octh h k i lo i ie c K y -P H O H y : oh BOcn H T B iB ajica , KaK H 3BecTH 0, b to h Hie HflciiHOH c p e f l e .

n o BonpocaM 06in;ecTBeHH0ii poJiH ncKyccTBa h peajiH3Ma b cTaTBHX 060IIX KpHTHKOB TÍIKÍKC MOHÍHO oSHapyíKHTB CJieflBI HpHMOrO M H KOCBeH-H o r o BJIHHHHH p a 6 o T p y C C K IIX pOBOJIIOHIIOHHBIX flC M O K paT O B ----- KOHCHHO,y ;K O H e b TaK O M h h c t o m B ii f le K a K y ,11,0 0 p o f lJ K a H y - T e p n .

T a K , f i o p i .G a H o H e cK y -P n o H a npoTH B T e o p n n «n cK yccT B a a jih iicK y ccT B a » HanoM ^iHacT HaM MecTaMii c t s t b h B a jiH H C K oro. H e p a c n o j ia r a n noflT B epH tfla- lOmilMH 3 T 0 flOKyMCHTaMII II CCBIJIKaMII, MBI MO/KCM BCe Hie OTMeTHTB HeKOTO- pBie m h c j ih , o6m ,H e r j ih pyM H H CK oro KpiiTHKa h B e jiiiH C K oro .

B C TaTBO «T e H A e H ii,H 0 3 H 0 e n c K y c c T B o » M oH C C K y-PnoH m i c a j i : « C o B p e - MCHHOC HCKyCCTBO flOJIJKeHO CTaTB o 6 m ;e C T B H H H M , T . e . flOJIHiHO O T K a3aT B C H

1 G. IB R Á IL E A N U , Pagini olese, vol. I— II, ESPLA, 1957, vol. I, CTp. 54.2 SAVIN B R ATU , Moftenirea lui Ibráileanu, E .S .P .L .A ., 1955, C T p. 118.3 M IH A IL R A L E Á , Criticul ftiintific G. Ibráileanu, b : G. Ibraileanu, Pagini

alese, vol. I, C T p. 8 .

400

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H to KaeaeTCH Tapa6eTa M SpanjiHHy, t o , nyMaeTCH, mo>kho roBopHTbO 6JIH30CTH K IICKOTOpLTM HOJIOJKeHHHM BcJIHHCK0r 0 ero yTBep'/K^einiiI o B0Cnp0H3Be,n;eHHH B IlCKyCCTBe 5KH3HII, fleiÌCTBHTeJIbHOCTlI H 06 o6H3aTe^b- hom HajiHHHH b o6pa3e cy6"beKTHBHOH oijeHKH n n caT ejin . B CTaTbe «HpaB- CTBeHHOCTb b HCKyccTBe» oh m ic a ji: « ... mbi He mojkcm 0TKa3aTbCH h HiiKorfl He OTKanteMCH o t Haraero npaBa cy/jHTb npon3Beji;eHHe c to h k h 3peHHT 0TH0meHHH, no3HHHH h T en ten n in i ero aBTopa. H e oTKaàkcmch cnparaiiBaHb Hapnfly c tcm , Kart 60cpou38odum oh Mnp, h o tom , KaK oli eao oqeHueaeiu n 0T0My >ito oh ero ofmsaTc.’ibHO oneniiB acT, }Kejian Toro h jih He m a a » 2

B CTaTbe «Xyflo>KHHKH-6opijbi» MópoiuiHiiy B03Bpam;aeTCH k TeM >Ke MbicJiHM, H cnojib3yn BbipajKCHim, xapaKTepHbie ,o;jih É ejin n cK o ro 11 BCTpe- naromnecH h y Fopn : «Xy;j,o>KHH k , eojibno ujiu neeoJibuo, hc MO>neT He Bbipa- 3HTb CBOH BKyCbl, CHMIiaTHH H aHTHnaTHH »3.

B pa3pemeHHH B o n p o c a 0 BocnpoH3BefleHnn b n c K y c c T B e a e n c T B H T e J ib -

h o c th H 6pairaflH y, KaK n E c jiiih c k h h , npiróeracT k cpaBHOHHK) Me>Kfly HCKyccTBOM h HayKOH. AHajiH3HpyH ero CTaTbio «JIiiTepaTypHbie B o n p o c b i » ,

(« P rob lem e lite ra re » ), noHBHBmyiocH b 1906. r o ^ y , A ji . /[iiMa cJie/jyiomHM 0 6 p a 3 0 M H 3 J ia r a e T c o o T B e T C T B y r o m y io M b icJib K p n T i iK a : « B t o B p e M n , K a K

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H3 0 f ip a 3 0 B , ncKyccTBO meopurn 11 on epnpyeT oópasaMU»4.B03M0HtH0, HTO M6p3HJIHHy HCH0JIb30Ba.il HCKOTOpblC Hflen BeJIIlH-

CKoro h b B onpoce 0 HaijHOHajibHOH caMoSbiraocTH jiiiTepaTypbi. T a n h jih n n a n e , iix n o 3nn;HH b 9Tom nJiaHe oneHb 6 jih 3 kh . B CTaTbe «nncaTeJiH n TeneniiH», yTBepjKflan Han,noHaJibHyio cnenncfiiiKy pyMbiHCKofi JiH TepaTypu, KaK h JiHTepaTyp flp y r n x HapoflOB, M6p3HJiHny, MejKfly nponHM, n u caji o tom , h to «ecjiH J iH T e p a T y p a — s t o x p a n u A u i q e f ly x a H apo^a, 3epKajio ero flym n , ecjin xysojKHHKH — 3to n o n p e u M y u fe c m e y npe^cTaBiiTeJiH « y x a Hapo.ua»5 , to h pyMHHCKan JiHTepaTypa flOJDKHa 0Tpa3HTb CBoeo6pa3Hbie aepTbi pyMbiHCKoro H apofla. H njK e, B03pa/Kan tcm , k to BbicTynaeT nporaB «HaHHOHajibHOH cnen;H(f)HKn», HSpaHJumy apryMCHTiipyoT cBoe iiojioHieHne noapoÓH ee, yTBepjKflaH, h to pyMHHCKan JiHTepaTypa TaK/Ke flOJUKHa HecTH

1 IONESCU RAICU RION, Scrieri literare, Iasi, 1895.2 G. IB R ÀILEAN U , Pagini alese, v o i . I, CTp. 138.3 TaM Me, CTp. 123.1 L. DIM A, Conceptiile despre artà fi literatura ale lui G. Ibràileanu, E .S .P .L .A .,

1954, p. 84.6 G. IB R ÀIL EAN U , Pagini alese, CTp. 122.

26 - c. 650 401

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H c n o a b 3 0 B a H i i e æ o c t i i î k c h m î i n p e f l i u e c T B y i o m c H a n o x i i H e o ó x o f l i iM O f l j i f l H O B o r o h o k o j i o h h h : 6 e 3 9 T o r o H eB 03M O H ìH O flB H H ìe H iie B n e p e f l . O c b o - o i m e H a c a e f lH H B o J i i iH C K o r o co c T a B J iH G T , n 0 9 T 0 M y , o r p o M H y i o 3 a c j i y r y f l , o 6 p o A H < a H y - r e p H , M ß p a H J iH H y , P a i i K y I l o H e c K y - P i i o n a , T eM 6 o J i e e , m t o 9TO ÖMJIO T B O p u e C K O e OC B O O H H e, II0 3 B O J IH B n ie e HM BO M H O riiX O T H O m eH IIH X n o H T i i f la m b in e K p H T H K a — p e B 0 J i . i0 n ,H 0 H e p a - f le M 0 K p a T a , h b h o b b i x y c j i o B i i f i x— K o r f la B 0 3 H iiK a J io h « p e r n i o p a ö o n e e f lB i iH ìe H i ie , K o r ^ a o h i i iiM eJiH b o 3 - m o j k h o c t b H 0 3H a K O M iiT bC H c p a ö o T a M ii M a p K c a h 3 H r e ^ b c a — C T aT b H a M apK C IIC T C K H e II03HH,M H B T p a K T O B K 6 p H f la B OH pOCOB 9 C T eT IIK II.

M aTcpnaji, K O T O pH M M bi p a c n o J i a r a e M b H a c T 0 f lu i ,e e B p e M n , n 0 3 B 0 J iH e T y T B e p j K f l a T b , h to h f l p y r n e p y M b iH C K iie J i i iT e p a T o p b i siiajin 11 u;eHi«iii n p 0 H 3 B 0 HeH H H B e j i i m c K o r o . T a K , mojkho n a 3 B a T i. II. ^ y c u a n a , K O T o p u n b C B o e M n p e A H C J io B H ii K c ö o p H H K y O M cpK O B T y p r e H e B a « I n f a t a g h i l o t i n e i » ( « l l c p c f l r n jib O T H H O ii» — n o f l tìikum u a . 'ìB a jn ie M 6 biJi n e p e B e f l e H o n e p K « K a 3 H b T p o n M a H a » ) y K a 3 b iB a e T , h to B e jiH H C K iii i bbicoko o i j e m i J i n o H B i iB - hihiìch B n e p B b ie b /K y p H a j i e ' « C o B p c M e i iH i iK » o n e p K « X o p b h K a J iiiH b H i» H 3 « 3 a n n c o K o x o T H H K a » T y p r e H e B a .

O T M e u a a , h t o j u o ò o b b p y c c K o r o H iiT aT eJ iH k T y p r e H e B y o S t j A C h h c t c h t c m , HTO m ic a T C J ib c c a M b ix n e p B H X c b o i i x n p o i i3 B e ,a ;e H iiü ß o p o J i c a n p o T i iB p a ß c T B a H y r H e T C H H H , H . f l y c u a H n u m e r r : « /J y A ia e M , ’ i t o a j i h p yM H H C K H X » iH T a T e n e iì G y f le T i iH T e p e c H O n 0 3 H a K 0 M iiT b C H b n e p c B O f l e c H G K O T op b iM ii O T p H B K a M H H 3 C T aT bH B eJIH K O rO p y C C K O r O K p iIT IIK a B e J IH H C K O rO , n O H B IIB - r a e i i c H M e p e 3 r o f l n o c j i e B b i x o f la b c b c t H a 3B aH H O H B b iin e K H iir i i ( « 3 a n i i c K H o x o T H H K a » ) h n o K a 3 H B a H )in ,e H , K a K 6 h j i o o i^ e H e n o 3 H a T O H iie T a jia H T a T y p r e H e B a e in ;e b m o m o h t e r o B b ix o f la H a J i i i T e p a T y p H y io a p e H y » 2 .

I l o c y T H , n p e f l i i c n o B H e I I . f l y c n a H a b S o J i b m e i i c B o e ñ n a c T i i B O c n p o H 3 - B 0 31 1T K a c a i o m u e c H T y p r e H e B a O T p u B K ii 113 C T a T t i i B e J i i iH C K o r o « B 3 r J i n n u à p y c c K y i o J iH T e p a T y p y 1847» (K O T o p a a n o i i B i i J i a c b B C K o p e n o c J i e o n y ö j i n - K O B aH iiH n e p B H X O H epK O B h p a c c K a 3 0 B H 3 « 3 a n n c o K o x o T H H K a » , a H e n o c j i e B H X O fla B e e r ò T O M a , i iM e B in e r o M e c T o j i h i h b b 1852 r o / j y ) . M e H ì f ly f l p y r i i M i i o T p H B K a M H ^ y c n a H n p i iB O f l i iT cJ iO B a B e m i K o r o K p i iT H K a , C K a 3 a H H u e b

1 G. IB R Ä IL E A N U , Pagini alese, yol. I, CTp. 123.2 I. T U R G H E N E V , In fata ghilotinei, cu préfaça de dr. I. Duscian. Biblioteca penlru

toti, 1909.

402

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B Hamen CTpane KaK coBeTCKan, TaK h pyccK aa KiiaecuqecKaH JiHTepa- Typa CTajiH, 6jia rotapn HanpaBJiHromeii tOHTOJibHOCTii I ’yMi.iiicKoii KoMMy- HIICTHHCCKOH napTHH, CpOflCTBOM paCKpUTIIH JlOpCt HappflOM TJ paBJI,T.i 0 nepBOH CTpaHe con,HaJiH3Ma. M oîkho CMejio CKa3aTB, h to h naçjietHe BejiHHCKoro nocJiy/KHJio sto iï b licokoiï nejiii.

OflHOBpoMeHHO h iiapn ty c ncri0JiB30BamieM nepeflOBHX TpatifflHH pyMtiHCKOH JiHTopaTypLT, b nepByio OHope/iL jiHTepaTypw nepnota 1848 rofla h H anpaB JieH H H «KoHTOMnopaHyji», pyMbmcKan MapKCHCTCKan KpiiTHKa B nepiIOfl MO>Kty tByMH MHpOBHMII B0HH3MH IlCn0JIb30BaJia ; II 3CT0THTOCK0e H a c j i e t u e pyccK nx peBOJiiotiioHHbix flOMOKpaTOB. J I i iT e p a T y p n a a KpHTHKa Tex opraHOB nenaTii, KOTopue HaxoflHJiHCb n o t b j ih h h h c ju napTiin h j ih KOTopuMH HenocpetcTBeHHO pyKOBOtHJia napTHH — « B luze albastre >> (C h h h o 6jiy3Bi), « C uvîntul l ib e r » (CBo6otHoe c jio b o ), « R e p o r te r » (PenopTep) h t p . — cHHTaJia n ep B oocH O B O ii 3 c t o t h k i i y T B ep > K teH iio orpoM H O H o 6 m ,e -CTBOHHOH pOJIH HCKyCCTBa, Hepa3pBIBH0H CBH3H HOflniIHHOrO HCKyCCTBa c nepetoBHMii oßmecTBOHHHMH iiteaJiaMii. H t e « OTpHH,aiiHH TeopHH «HCKye- CTBa tu a HCKyCCTBa» npoxofliiT KpacHoii hiitbio n oara qepe3 bco JiHTepa- TypHo-KpHTHHecKHe CTaTBii, onyßjiHKOBaiiHLie b opraHax n egara , pyKOBÔ- flHMOH napTHeiï hjih HaxotHin,eHCH n o t ee bjihhhhom. T aK , HanpHMep, ra3eTa «B lu z e albastre »,petaKTopoM KOTopoii ôbiji A jieK cantpy C a x n n , n iican a b cBoeM nepBOM HOMope 3a 1932 ro fl: «,3,o Tex n o p , noKa îkh3hb — 9T0 ßopBÖa, t o Tex n o p , nona qenoBeaecTBO pa3teJiCH0 Ha t^ a BpaHiteÖHbix, no CBoeH cym,HOCTH npoTHBonoJiO/KHHX Jiarepa, h ocoöeHHo b to BpeMH, Korta KOHCfwiHKT M O K 't y HHMH tOCTlir KyJIbMHHaHHOHHOH TO'IKH, H0.JIB3ÍI rOBOpHTB O KaKOM-TO «HIICTOM», JllIUieHHOM 06lU,eCTBeHHbIX HHTepeCOB HJIH nacciiBHOM HCKyccTBe » . MapKcucTCKaH KpiiTHKa, uottcp/K aim aH o6in,e- CTBeHHHM MHeHneM pa6on ero K jiacca, yTBep>Ktajia, h to ncKyccTBo 6e3 TeHteHu;iiH — 6ecnJiotHo, h to TaKoro ncKyccTBa Ha caMOM tcJ io ho cyiu,e- CTByeT. OtHH H3 petaKTopoB ra 3eTBi « R e p o r te r » b EOMepe o t 8 aBrycTa 1937 r o ta c noJiHon h choctb io p a 3peinaji 3t o t B onpoc: «M li toJiJKHBi c caMoro Hanajia OTÔpocnTB Ty HecooTBeTCTByiomyio teöcTBiiTejiBHOCTH k o h -

1 Cm. B . T. BEJIHHCKHÎÏ, Hojinoe co6p. cnn., t . X , CTp.. 346.

2C* 403

V

Henu,HK>, n o K O T o p o fi c y m e c T B y e T Kai<0 e -T 0 «H iicT o e HCKyCCTBO», K aK oe-T O «iicK y ccT B O b c e 6 e » . Mw j i ; o j i jk h i . i 0T6 p 0 CHTb 9 T y KOHn;enn,HK), n 0T0M y m to oH a c a M a y>Ke oC a H K p oT H J ia cb h 6 n J ia B u 6 p o m e H a 3 a 6 o p T » . f l p y r o f i opraH n e u a T H , p y k o b o ^ h m o h n a p T H e ii , « D ie W o c h >/, b C TaTbe « B aeM c o c t o h t n p o J ie T a p c K a n K o im e im i ia J iH T e p a T y p b i? » , OTBCMaa H a B o n p o c , n o c T a B jr e H - h h h b 3 a ra a B H H , m i c a j i a o t o m , h t o 3T a K O H n en r;iifi n p e jK fle B e e r ò OTpHU,aeT J I0 3y H r «HCKyCCTBO IH H C K yC C TBa», H BHflHT B IiCKyCCTBe CpeflCTBO o 6 m ;e - c t b g h h o ì ì G o p t S b i . H y jK H O n o flM e p K H y T b , h t o r a 3 e T a H c n o j ib 3 y e T H e n o - epeflCTBCH H o T e o p e T H q e c K o e H a c n e f l i ie p y c c K i i x peB O JH om ioH H H x ,n;eMOKpaTOB, B HaCTHOCTH H ep H U ra eB C K O rO . «IIoflJIH H H blH XyflOJKHH K, — TOBOpHTCH B y n o M H H y T o ii C T a T b e , — r j i y 6 0 K 0 n p oH H K a eT b Te c T o p o n u H B Jiem iH , k o t o - p n e e M y S j i h s k h , a H y jK flu e eM y C T op oH bi o c T a B jm e T b TeH H . O i c i o f l a p a 3 - HHu,a b TeM aTH Ke M ejK /jy 6 y p jK y a 3 H b iM n n ca T eJ ieM h n iic a T e n e M n p o J ie T a p - CKHM. «HCKyCCTBO flOJIHxHO H e TOJIbKO H 3 06p aH ?aT b J^eHCTBHTeJIbHOCTb, OHO flOJIJKIIO 0 6 'bHCHHTb e e » , rOBOpH T H ep H H m e B C K H Ìi»1 .

IIpoflO JiH caH 3 t h T paflH H H H , pyM H H C K aH M apKCH CTCK aa KpHTHKa em ,e f fo 2 3 a B r y c T a 1 9 4 4 r o f la Ha rjiy 6 oKo HayHHOH 0CH0B e 6 opoJiacb 3a n p n H - u ,n n b i n a p T H ÌÌH o ro n c K y c c T B a , 3 a np H H m xnbx n c K y c c T B a c o n .H a jr a c T H 'ie c K o r o p e a jiH 3 M a .

B b to t >Ke iiepiiofl naCjiioAaeTCH h flpyran <j>opMa iipohhkhobchiih Hfleii, KpuTMHecKHX on,eHOK BejiHHCKoro b Hamy K yjibTypy, $opM a, KOTopan nrpajia Ba>KHyio p o jit b t o t nepuoj];, Korpa npoH3BefleHHH KpHTHKa eme ne 6 h jih nepeBefleHH Ha pym hhckhh H3HK. Mw HMeeM b BHfly C0 BeTCKyro KpHTIiKy, Te ,n,OKyMCHTbl, B KOTOpblX HIHpOKO HCnO.TI.3yCTCfI HacJie^He pyccKHx peBOjnonwoHepoB fleMOKpaTOB h noTopbie, KaK h bch JiHTepaTypa h ncKyccTBo con,HajinctiraecKoro peaan3Ma, iiaxo^tum cb yn<e Tor^a b n;eHTpe BHMMaHHH ^eHTeJieH Hanien nepeflOBOii KyjibTypbi. 9 iy <J>opMy hcjim ji Heflooi^eHHBaTb, nocKOJibKy o coBeTCKoìi KyjibType y Hac nncajra b Te roflbi oqeHb MHoro. llpHBefléM, TaKoii (JaKT: b 1 9 3 7 ro^y ra 3 eTa « R ep orter » b flByx cboh x HOMepax nucajia o nym K H H CK O H r 0 fl0 Bni;HHe (c to JieT co flHH cMepTH ri03Ta). Me/Kfly npoHHM, ra3eTa co o 6 m,ajia h o BbicTaBKe, nocBH- meHHoii BejiHKOMy pyccKOMy noàTy: «BbtcTaBKa nocTaBHJia nepep co 6 oii h fijiecTHme ocymecTBiuia BajKHyio ijejib : n 03HaK0MHTb noceTHTeJieH c JiHHHOCTbro H03T a , rem iajibH oro co 3AaTeJiH coBpeMeHHoro JiHTepaTypHoro fl3bina h 0CH0 B0 n 0JT0 ?KHHKa h oboh pyccK ofi JiHTepaTypH»2. OqeHKa Ilyn i- KHHa KaK co3flaTejiH coBpeMeHHoro pyccK oro JiiiTepaTypHoro H3biKa h 0CH0B0n0JI05KHHKa HOBOÌÌ pyCCKOH JXHTepaTypbl, CTaBHiaH 06menpHHHT0ÌÌ B C0 BeTCK0 M miTepaTypoBeseHHH, npiiHaflJiewHT BeJiiiHCKOMy.

B 1 9 3 6 ro /jy rancia « A d ev à ru l literar si artistic » (JIiiTepaTypHan h xyflOJKecTBeHHan n p a B f la ) o t 2 1 h io h h nyfijiHKyeT Ha n e p B o ì i CTpaHHi^e CTaTbio M. CeBacTOca «ryMaHiicTiiHecKiie n^eajibi» (Idealu rile u m a n ita tii). B t o m hìo HOMepe ra 3 eTbi noHBJiHeTca h nopTpeT BeJiiiHCKoro. M. CeBacToc coo6 maeT b cBoeS CTaTbe, m t o P o c c h h oTMenaeT cTo^Ba^maTHnHTHjieTHe co flHH pOHCflCHHfl B . BeJIHHCKOrO, H, C ropH'H'il CIIMnaTHeH p iic y jl, B CBH3H

1 Tradi^ii ale criticii literare marxiste din Rominia 1930— 1940. Studili fi antologie de Ileana Vrancea. Ed. politica 1962, cip. 114.

2 «Reporter» ot 7 MapTa 1937 r.

404

c sthm , o6jihk pyccK oro KpHTiiKa, Bocco3flaeT miipoKyio KapTMHy oro fleHTejitHOCTH. CTaTM pacKpHBaoT nporpeccHBHbie BeJiniicKoro,BMflejiHGT ero nepTH 6opn,a h nejioBeKa bhcokoh npHHHnnMaJibHOCTH. «,9to 6hji yBJieKaiomHHCH tcjiobok, — iihiiict CeBacToc, — cTpacTHO y6e>KAen- Hbiìi, cTpacTHO ino6an|HH JiHTepaTypy. . . B ojihhckuh- kphthk fibui niiOHO- p o w ... peajiH3Ma». H hhjko óTiuenacT, hto iiaoh coijHajmsMa 6biJia « jih nero «ajibt|)OH h OMeroH» Bepi.i h SHamiH.

T oB o p n o teHTeitbHOCTii Be.’iiiH C K oro, M. C eBacToc npuBOflHT o t p h b k h 113 p a 6 oT K piITIlK a, KOTOpblC CTaBHT BOnpOC O lieoGxOflllMOCTH IiporpoCCH B- h o h T eiitem u iH Kai< 06 oahom 113 o c h o b h h x TpeGoBaHiiii H CKyccTBa. B c b h s h c sth m o h HiiTiipycT oflHy 113 CTaTOH BeJiHHCKoro 1 8 4 2 ro,T,a: «CitoRoAa TBopnecTBa JierKo corjiacyeTCH c cjiy>Keim eM coBpeMeHHOCTii : r i i si axoro He Hy>KHO npHHyHíAaTb co 6 h , n iicaTb Ha to m h , H acnjioBaTb (|)aHTa3Hio; A*ih SToro hvvkho 6 biTb TOJibKO rp a ;K ;iaH i!ii0M , ch h o m cB oero o 6 m;ecTBa h CBoeii 9HOXH, ycBOHTb ce6 e ero iiH Tepecbi, cJiiiTb cb o h CTpeMJieHHH c ero CTpeMJieHHHMH. . . » 1 .

OTnpaBJiHHCb o t neKOTopbix yTBepmfleHHH H . M H xaiiJioB C K oro, C e B a - c t o c ta e T h pflfl HeBepHbix onpofleJieHHH, 3aiiBJin>i, H anpH M ep, h t o B e n iiii - c k h ì ì npeflCTaBJiiiJi TOJibKO p y cc K y io HHT(‘.Ti;iiirc H n iiio , 'i t o o h 6 h j i rjiaB oit «3anap,H H K O B » h A P - H o s t h o ih h S k i i , HaxoAHin,iie c c 6e o 6T>HCHeHHe b h c t o - pilHOCKHX yCJIOBHHX, B KOTOpblX IlIICaJiaCb CTaTbH , HO OnpOAOJIilIOT co xap aK T ep h H anpaBJieH nc. A b t o p c o c o Q c h h o h c h j i o i ì notqepK H B aoT Mbicjib06 aKTyajibHocTH Hfleií B ejiiiH C K oro. O h OTMonaeT, h t o noc-Jie cMepTii KpHTHKa e ro p aS oT ti to j ir o e BpeMH 6 m jih 3anpem ,eH u H C H 3ypoiì. «T o m h o M eH ee, — niim eT C eB acT oc, — e ro ryMaHiiCTiiMCCKHe nj(ca,iibi He i i o i 'h G j i i i . O h h òbiJiH ir o tx H a 'ie i iL i t p y r n M i i cTpacTHbiMH m h c j ih t c j ih m h . B HeKOTopbix CTpaHax H apo^bi 6jiHH<e k 3THM H fleajiaM , b f lp y r n x — flambine o t h h x . M bi OTHOCIIMCH, pasyMOCTCH , K nOCJICAHHM. Il03T 0M y Mbl H npiIflaOM T3K00 6o jib m o e 3HaH0HH0 TOflOBiHHHe BejiH H C K oro: Beflb s t o t 6opeu; s a ryMaHHCTu- n ecraie H flea n H , noAHHBim icb 113 p y c c K o ro H a p o ^ a , b o ih o j i b M iip o B y io HCTopHH) — 3H a*m T, li flJiH H a rn e ro H a p o ^ a , H iaw flym oro c b o 6 o a i> i 11 c n p a - BCflJIIlBOCTH, OH HBJIHeTCH HaCTaBHIIKOM, BOCTOpHíeHHO H[)HB(!TCTI!yK)imiM Hac 113 n p o in jio r o , h o h yn p en aiom iiM Hac rpycTHOH yjibróKOH sa oTcyTCTBiio Bepbi, yéoiifleH H ocT H h a o h c tb h h » .

3 th cJioBa coflepffiaT HaweK Ha ocymecTBJieHHe coHHajiHCTHHocKiix II^eaJlOB B BejIHKOM C0 BeTCK0 M C oK )3 e II , HBHO BLipa>KaH n p O T e C T n p O T IIB 6ypH<ya3HO-noMein,HHbero CTpoa, npii3biBaioT k ocymecTBJieHHio s th x ii^eajioB h b Hameiì CTpaHe. •

C .lC flyeT OTMOTHTb, 'ITO B flOBOOHHblH nepiIOfl HMfl BeJIIIHCKOrO ynO M H - H anocb He TOJibKO b nepHOflOTOCKOH n e g a r a , h o h b HCKOTopwx M onorpa<j)n- HecKHx p a 6 o T a x , nocBHm,eHHbix Ba>KHeHiHHM hbjioh h h m pyMbiHCKOH j i i i t c - p a T y p u . T a K , b p a 6oTC T . K . H im o J iecu y « Id e o lo g ia litera ra p o p o r a n is tà » (JlH TepaTypH an HAeoJioriiH non opaH H 3M a) roBopHTCH h 0 B o jiiih c k o m , nocKo.TbKy ee aBTop b o 6 ii],om ii.ia H e , h o flOBOJibHO iim poKO a-™« Toro B po- M em i, CTaBHT B o n p o c 0 b jih h iih ii p yccK oH o 6in;ccTBeHHOH m h c jih 11 jiH T epa- T yp b i, p y c c K o r o H apoAH iiH eciBa Ha pyMHHCKoe HAeHHO-JiHTepaTypHoe t o h c -

1 Cm. B. r . BEJIHHCKHlì, Ylojmoe co6p . c o n . , t . V I, c T p . 286.

405

HHC, H3BCCTH0 C IIOA Ha3BaHHeM «II0 n0 paHH3M ». IIpaBfla, npH paCCMOTpCHIIII 3CTCTJ1M0CKÍ1X B sr jiH A O B l i ß p a i u i H i i y , K O T o p o M y n o cB H ii] ,c ‘H a ß o j i b i n a H a a c T B paöoTBi, h npii ccBiJmax na fl,o6poflîKaHy-repio T . K . HiiKOJiecKy y æ e He CT3 BHT Boiipoca 06 HX CBH3HX C pyCCKOÌÌ pCBOJIIOU;HOHHO-fleMOKpaTilHeCKOH mbicjibio, BCJioflCTBiie aero hbho npeybejihtihbact h x 6 jiii30ctb k no3HTii- BHCTCKOii «HayMHoii KpHTHKe», HCBCpHO OIJCHIJBaH HCKOTOpBie nOJIO/KeHHH 3THX KpiITHKOB.

H o , o cT a B J iH H B C T o p o H e o 6 m y i o o i j e n K y a T o i i K a n iiT a jiB H O H , x o t h h IipOTM BOpCM H BOH nO A H aC paÓ O TB I (( j)a K T , o G'BHCHHMHJ.HHCH yCJIOBIIH M H T o r o B p e M e H H , B 3 r jiH f la M H , x a p a K T c p i is o B a B m H M H H ccJ icA O B a T e J iH b t o t n e p i i o p , ) , OGTaHOBHMCH n O f lp o Ò H e e H a B BIC K a3BIB aH H H X a B T O p a o B eJIH H C K O M .

B 9T0M OTHOIHCHHH 3aM0MaTCJIBHa BCpHaH OIJCHKa OrpOMHOH pOJIII B eJ iH H C K oro b HCTopHH p y c c K o f i J iH T ep a T y p B i. y K a 3 B iB a a H a M ecT o $ p a H - n ;y3 C K iix coL p ia jiH C T O B -yT on H C T O B b iiocT aH O B K e B o n p o c a 06 o 6 m ecT B e H H o ii p o J iii n c K y c c T B a , n a t o , m t o 3 t o t B o n p o c cT aB iiJ icH T o r ^ a noM T ii n o B c e - MCCTHO b E ß p o n e , T . K . H iiK O J iecK y 0 C0600 B H iiM a m ie y p e jiH e T P o c c h i i 4 0 - x r o f lo B n p o t ì r a o r o Berna, b K O T o p o ii «ro cn o flC T B O B a n a j i i i h h o c t b h i i ^ e o - jio rH H B e flH H C K o r ò » . « R p i m i K ö o j i b h i o h K y jiB T y p B i, — n i n n e T F . K . H h k o - J ie c K y , — B e J iH H d t e i i , y v iiT B iB ä n t o , h t o n p o n c x o ^ H T Ha 9 a n a f l e 11 O T pa /K an H a cT p oeH H H n a p o f lH B ix M a c c P o c c m h , n o flH iiM a cT B o n p o c 0 p e a j iH 3 M e b iicK y ccT B O h T p e ö y c T , m t o ö b i x y ftO H iecT B eH H oe n p oH 3 B e fleH H e cTaB H Jio o 6 i n ,e - CTBCHHBie n p o è j ie M B i, a x y j i o / iu u iK 6 b iji o p ra H O M , B B ipa /K aron p iM H H TepecB i o ö m e c T B a » 1 .

,H ,a jiee H iiK O J ie cK y n p n B O fliiT cJ ioB a E e ji i iH C K o r o o n e p B B ix o n e p K a x « 3 a n j i c o K o x o r a i i K a » T y p r o H C B a , 0 h o b o m n o ^ x o ^ e n n ca T eJ iH k t o m o n a p o f l a H e r o yM C H H H 3aCTaBHTB MHTaTCJIH HOJJIOÖHTB KpeCTBHHCTBO ; n p n 3T 0 M o h ccB iJ ia o T C H Ha n p i iB e f lC H H y io y > n e H a m t m iT a T y 113 n p e A H C J io B iiH ^ y c M a H a k c 6 op H H K y O M cpK O B « I n f a t a g h i l o t i n e i ».

. . *

n o c j i e 2 3 a B r y c T a 1 9 4 4 r o ^ a H aM iiH aoT C H K a n e c T B e iiH O h o b b i h a T a n b H C T o p m i H a m e n C T p a H B i. B P e c n y ß j i H K e c o B e p r n a e T c a K y j i B T y p H a a p e B O - .tuoii^hh , b e e p a M K a x i i H o e , 6 o n e e c o o T B e T C T B y io m ,e e e M y M e c T o 3 a H iiM a e T H a c j i e ^ H e n p e ^ c T a B U T e n e H M s p o B O H s c t c t i i ' i c c k o h m e ic j i h — b M a c T i i o c T i i , È e n H H C K o r o . B h o b b ì x y c J i O B i m x c a M n p o i j e c c o c B o e H i i n a c T e T i r a e c K o r o H a cJ ie flH H EeJiHHÇKoro n p n o ö p e T a e T h o b b i c n e p T B i : e r o T B o p n e c T B O o u ;e H H - B aeT C H C M apK C H C T C K O -JieH H H C K H X n0 3 H H ;H H , H a O C H O B e COBeTCK OH H a y K I I , h flOHOCHTCH AO n iH p oK oro K p y r a M iiT a T e J ie ñ , K O T o p u e i iM e io T c e ì r q a c B 0 3 - MOJKHOCTB H enO C pe^ C T B O H H O n 0 3 H aK 0 M IIT B C 5 I C n p 0 H 3 B e fle H IIH M H B eJIH K O rO p y c c K o r o m b i c j i h t b j i h b n e p e B o ^ e H a p yM H H C K H H h 3 H K . I I o h b . i ì i o t c h B c e ÖOJIBHie CTaTCH H p a Ó O T p yM B IH C K IIX J IIIT e p a T O p O B , yM C H B IX ; SCTeTIIM eC K O e H a c J ie f la e B é n m ic K o r o B c e r .r iy 6 }K e n p o H H K a e T b npaK TH K y c o B p e M e m i o H p yM H H C K O H K p H T H K H .

n o M T H c p a 3 y j k c n o c J i e o c B o 6 o /K ,a ;e H H H C T p aH B i o t (J ta m u c T C K o r o H r a noH B J iH eT C H è o j i B i n o e K o f l ir a e c T B O c T a T e i i h p a ß o T 0 E e m iH C K O M . B 1 9 4 5

1 G. C. NICOLESCU, Ideologia literarä poporanistä. Contributia lui G. Ibraileanu, Bucureçti, 1937, p. 59.

406

r o f l y b r a 3eT e « T o r t a » ( C b c t o h ) n eaaT aeT C H CTaTbH A j í . A h t o x h « C o 3# a T eJ ib pyCCKOII K pH TH K H . P o J Ib EeJIIIHCKOrO B HCTOpHH J iH T e p a T y p b i» , a B T o p K O T o p o n n o A H e p K iiB a e T , ' i t o «B a /K H e iím y io p o J ib b pa3B H T H ii p y c c K o i i j i h t c - p a T y p n , 0C06eHH0 e e p e a j in c T i in e c K o r o H a n p aB JieH iiH , c u r p a j i BeJiH H CK H H ». H e p e 3 ro ji; b h x o a h t S p o n n o p a M u x a n j ia P o J iJ ie p a « C u g e t á t o r i s i l u p t á t o r i r u s i d i n s e c o lu l a l X l X - l e a » 1 ( P y c c K i i c m m c jih t c j ih ii 6o p n u X I X B e n a ) , K O T op a n coflep>K H T b c e 6e M H K po6H orpa<j>ini n c w a T y io x a p a K T e p n c T H K y p n f la fle K a G p n cT O B , a T a n a te r e p i n a r a , B c jn iH C K o r o h ^ le p u b ir a o B C K o r o . B p a 6o T e , o S p a m c H n o H k M a ccoB O M y H H T a T ejiio , f l a e T c a , H a n a y a H O H OCHOBe, X apaK TG pH C TH K a M H p0B 033peH H H II fleHTCJIbHOCTH B eJIH H CK O ru, n p n 3 to m a B T o p yflOJiH eT o c o 6o e B H iiM aH iie G yH T ap cK iiM íifleH M «/^ M iiT p iia K a jii iH H H a » h « IT n c b M y k P o r c u n o » . B 3t o t a te n e p n o f l b h x o / j h t h ^ p y r i i e CTaTbH O pyCCKOM KpH TH K e2 .

B 1 9 4 7 r o f t y H3flaTeJibCTB0 « C a r t e a R u s a » ( P y c c K a a K H iir a ) B b in y c K a e T cn eu ,iiaJ ibH yK ) K i m r y , n o c B a m e H H y io BeJiH H CK O M y, K o r a p a H c o f le p a íH T o a e p K JKH3HH K p iiT iiK a , H an H caH H H ii H . B 030B030BH M , h p a d o T y A . J la B p e i jK o r o «B ejiH H C K H Íí i i p y c c K a n n p o r p c c c i iB H a H M u cJ ib X I X B e u a » , n cp e B C H iib io Ha pyM H H CKH H H 3bIK . O n n p a H C b H a flOCTIlHÍGHIIH BC eií COBGTCKOH H ayK H B H ayneH H H H{H3HH h T B op n ecT B a B e jiH H C K o r o , C0BeTCKHe HCCJie^oBaTeJin H . Bc>,n,0B030B h A. JlaB pcH K H H fla jiH o 6m ,y io x a p a K T e p n c T H K y M n p 0 B 0 3 3 p e - h h h h <J>hjioco<|>ckiix B3rjiH flOB K p iiT H K a , B n e p B b ie n o ^ p o S ir o paCCKa3aJIH pyM biH C K O M y HHTaTeJiio o 3a M cxiaT ejibH O H >KH3HH p y c c K o r o peB O JiK )u ,iiO H epa- flC M O K p aT a .

ü e p B b lM K pyH H H M K yJIbT ypH H M CofíblTHCM , CBH3aHHbIM C naMHTbH) B e jiH H C K o ro 11 cfleJiaB H iiiM e r o h m h , e r o 0CH0BHbie ii;j;oh e m e 6oJ iee H in p o K o H3BecTHbiM H y H a c , SbiJio CTOJICTUC c o p ;hh e r o C M e p r a , O T .M cq a B iiieeo i b 1 9 4 8 ro ,o ;y — nepB O M r o f l y B T o p o r o , c o a n a j in c T i ia e c K o r o a r a n a H a p o f l i io ñ p e B 0JH0H,iin b ñ a m e n c i p a n e . B c b h 3h c s t h m i o 6HJieeM b B y x a p e c T e h A p y r n x r o p o f l a x C TpaH bi co cT O H J in cb T op a ie cT B eH H H e 3a ce ;i,a iiM H . r a s e r a h /K y p H a jib i n oM ecT H Jiii CTaTbH , n o cB a m e H H h ie naM H Tii B eJ iH K oro p y c c K o r o K p iIT IIK a . CaM blM 3HaHHTeJIbHbIM CoSbITIieM B 3T0M nJ iaH e HBHJIOCb T op > K e- CTBeH H oe 3a c e f la H i ie , 0 p ra H H 3 0 B a H H 0 e P y M b iH o-C oB eT C K iiM IlHCTHTyTOM ( I n s t i t u t u l d e s t u d i i r o m í n o - s o v i e t i c e ) b n e 3a ^ o j i r o 30 T o r o oTK pbiB ineM CH fl,OM e P y M b iH O -C oB eT C K oií A p y a < 6b i. H a s t o m 3 a c e f la H n n T O B apum , J le o H T e Payry n p o H iix a j i flOKJiafl n o # H a3B aH neM «BeJiHHCKHH — o c h o b o h o j i o h í h h k p y c c K o i i p e a j i i i c T i in e c K o n K p iiT iiK ii» . r a 3e r a « S c i n t e i a » , « C o n t e m p o r a n u l » h ; i p . noM ecT H JiH n a c b o h x c T p a H iin a x n p o c T p a H H b ie oTH eTbi o t o [ )> k c c t b o i ih o m s a c e f l a H i in . K a K HBCTByeT H3 s t i i x o t h c t o b , T O B apm u, J le o H T e P s y T y n o « - P o 6h o o x a p a K T e p n 3 0 B a ji b c b o c m « o K J ia fle M H o r o c T o p o H in o io flC H TO JibnocTb B e J ii iH C K o r o , n o a n e p K H y B , h t o o h 6h j i 0flH 0B peM eH H0 $h jioco< í> om , n p n r a - k o m , y n u T e jie M J iH T e p a T y p H o ií M o j io f l e a u i . P a cK p b iB a H (Jm jiocoiJ icK H e B 3rJiH flbi B e j i i iH C K o r o , «oK J ia flH iiK y f l e j i iu i o c o 6o e BHiiM aHHe e r o n e p e x o f l y n a n a T e - pnaJiH C TH H ecK H e h o 3h h h h h n o K a 3 a J i, h t o p y c c K n i í (jm jiocotJ ) n o /p ia j i c H H a B bicoH an rnH H y p o B C H b /joM apKCOBOH (| > h jio co $ h h . T o B o p a o B ejiiiH C K O M K aK

1 M IH AIL ROLLBR, Cugetátori fi luptátori rusi din secolul al XIX -lea , «Orizont»,1946.

2 Cm. HanpiiM ep, V A L E R IU CIOBANU, V. Belinski, « Natiunea », 15 aprilié, 1946.

407

o 6 a c T e T H K e h K p i iT H K e , t o b . JI. P a y i y o c T a H a iu i iiB a e T C H n a e r o T e o p i r a p e a j i n c T H H e c K o r o , H ,n ,eH H oro n c K y c c T B a , p a c K p B iB a e T e r o 6 o p b 6 y n p o T H B M H C T o ro H C K y c c T B a h n o K a 3 H B a e T p e m a i o m e e b j i h h h h c e r o H a p y c c K y i o J iH T e p a T y p y T o r o B p e M e m i . I I p e K p a c H t i e C T p o K ii n o c B H in ,a e T t o b . J I . P a y T y x a p a K T c p i iC T i iK e j i h h h o c t i i B e J iH H C K o r o K a K 3 a M e H a T C J ii> H o ro n a T p w o T a h r a a M e H H o r o p e B O J H o ip r o H a p a : « B o B c e i i C B o e i i f lC H T e jiB H o c T H , b o B e e n , h t o h m c 0 3 ,a ,a H 0 , B e jiH H C K H H B H C T y n a e T B c e r f l a h n p e j K ^ e s c e r o K a K S o p e n , » .

B H ioH BC K iix H O M ep a x r a 3eT « S c i n t e ia » , « C o n t e m p o r a n u l » h f l p . H eii3M eH H 0 n en aT aJ iiiC B h C T aT B ii, n ocB jim eH H B ie n a M jr m B eJ iH H C K oro . T a K , « C o n t e m p o r a n u l » b CBoeM H O M epe o t 4 h io h h 1 8 4 8 r o ^ a n o M e - m a e T n o p T p e T E e jn iH C K o r o h K p a T K y io x a p a K T e p iiC T H K y e r o j i i i h h o c t u n fle flT e jiB H ocT H K aK « n e p B o r o K p im iK a , BOH H CTByrom e C T aB H B inero co ijH a jiB - HBie n p o 6JieM B i», «oTK pBiB aTeJiH h o b h x n y T e í i » , n o KOTopBiM n o m j ia h o t o m b c h n e p e p o B a H m b ic jib P o c c i i h . B r a 3eT e « U n i v e r s u l » 6Br.ua noM ein,CH a CTaTBH M . C eB a cT oca « O c h o b o h o j i o j k h h k p y c c K o ñ K piiTH KH B . T . B e jn iH - CKHÍi» ( I n t e m e i e t o r u l c r i t i c i i r u s e § t i V . G . B e l i n s k i ) .

f l j i H T o r o , h t o 6 b i ,a;aTB H H T a T eJ iio n p e ,n ,C T aB JieH H e o n p a 3 A H 0 B a H H ii s t o h r o ,n o B iii ,i iH B i, ocT aH O B H M C H H a M a T e p n a j i a x e jK e H e f le j iB H iiK a « R a m p a » o t 1 3 h i o h h 1 9 4 8 r o f l a . B 3 t o m H O M e p e p y c c K O M y K p i m i K y n 0 CBH iu,aeTCH i je j iH H O T ^eJi, i iy f í j iH K y e T C H e r o n o p T p e T , S o J iB in a a C TaTB H H . J I . B p o ,n , c K o r o « I Ip H H n ,H n B i k p h t h k h B e J iH H C K o r o » , n o M e in ;a e T C H o t m c t 0 6 y n o M H H y T O M T O pjK eC T B eH H O M 3 a C e fla H H H B ,H,OMe P y M B IH 0 - C 0 B eT C K 0 H flp y jK Ó B I , flaeT C H c j ie f ly K )in ,a H n o ^ S o p K a H H T aT o B e .r im ic K O M : « 1I t o 6 b i h h c j i y r a j i o c B c p y c - C K o ii J iH T ep a T y p o n , K a K 6 h h h i d h o h h p a 3 B H J ia c B o H a , B e jiH H C K H H B c e r f l a 6 y fl ,e T e e r o p f l o c T B i o , e e C JiaB O H , e e y K p a m e H i i e M » — ^ o f í p o n i o S o B 1 ;

« . . . I I h c b m o k T o r o J i i o , n o f lB O f lH B m e e H T o r J iH T e p a T y p H O H flea T eJ iB H O C T ii B e J iH H C K o r o , 6 h j i o o ;u u i .m H 3 j i v m h i i i x n p o i i3 B e f le H H H 6 e c n ,e H 3 y p H O H K p a T H H e c K o ií n e Ti a T i i , c o x p a H i i B iH i i x r p o M a ^ H o e , ?K H B o e 3 iia H C H iie h n o c h h ) n o p y » — B . H . J le H H H 2 ;

«HanimaH c BeJiHHCKoro, Bee Jiynnme npeftCTaBHTeJiH peB0 Jii0 n,H0 HH0 - fleMOKpaTiraecKoii pyccK oii iiHTeJiJiiirenHUH hc npii3HaBajin TaK na3BiBaeMoro «MHCToro ncKyccTBa», «ncKyccTBa fljin ncKyccTBa» h 6 h jih rJiamaTanMii ncKyccTBa fljiH Hapofla, ero bbicokoh iiflenHOCTii h o 6 in,ecTBeHHoro 3HaHe- HHH» — A . A . JKflaHOB3.

M o j k h o 6 b ij io 6 b i H a 3 B a T B pfl,a; f l p y r n x C T a T e ii , i i o h b h b h i h x c h b n e p n o - f l iiH e cK O H n e n a n i b d t h h j i i i n o c J ie A y io m ,H e roflBi, h ; ;a r o u i , i i x B e p H o e ocB e- m ,eHHe j i h h h o c t i i B e j iH K o r o p y c c K o r o K p i m i K a 4 .

1 C m . H. A . ,H,OBPOJIK)BOB, Coópanue cok., b 3 TOMax, rocJiiiTH3flaT, M . , 1952, t o m 2 , C T p . 505.

2 C m . B. H. JIEHI1H, Conunenua, t . 20, CTp. 223.3 C m . A . A . J K /J A H O B , ffoKAad o M ypnajiax « 3ee3da» u « Jlenum pad», ro cJ iH -

THSffaT, 1949, CTp. 5.4 C m ., n a i ip iiM e p : M. RAD O VAN , Cu prileju l centenarului mortii lui V. G. Belinski

— « Flacára », 11 a p r i lie 1948; M. ROLLER, Visarion Grigorievici Belinski — « Flacara »,6 iunie 1948; G. PÓSPELOV, Visarion Belinski mare ginditor ft critic literar rus, «Con­temporanul», 12 iunie 1953; 1. M ÁLUREANU, Belinski, Opere filozofice álese — «Contem­poranul», 15 iunie 1956; D. CARABÁT, Recitindu-l p e Belinski — «Viata Rommeasca », nr. 12/1956. B o j i m i i i h c t b o H3 :rnrx Ha3BaHHÍí B nepBLie JipnueflCHM b K H iire : FILIP ROMAN, Literatura rusa si soviética in limba rominá, Buc., 1959, p. 55— 56.

408

B N ° 3 a ;y p H a j ia « P r o b l e m e d e l i t e r a t u r a §i a r t a » ( I J p o 6 jieM H j i h t c - p a T y p w h i ic K y c c T B a ) 6 h j i 0n y 6 jiH K 0 BaH b n e p e B O fle 3a M e*ia T ejibH o ¿ ia K o - h h h h h í h B M ecT e c to m r J iy S o K iiu OM cpK A . <l>a/íeei!a « B . F . B o j ih h c k h í iII COBpeM eH HOCTb» , B KOTOpOM COBeTCKHII m icaT C JIb o G p a m a e T 0 C0 6 0 C B H II- M aH iie H a H ey M H p a iom y H ) H o h h o c t i . a c T e T iin e cK iix npH H H ,nnoB B e ji i iH C K o r o , h ce ro flH H iiM e io in ,n x S o J ib in o e a n a w H i ie ^ jih xy A O J K ecT u eH H oro T B op n ecT B a h J iH T e p a T y p n o ií k p h t h k h .

H o n o fljiH H H oe 11 6 jiH 3 K o e 3 iia K o w cT B o n m p o K o r o K p y r a pyM U H CKH X ’ iiiT aT C Jioií c T B opn ecK H M H a cjie fliie M B e a i n i c K o r o S h j i o cB H 3a H o upe> K fle B c e r o c noH BjieHH GM n e p e B o ^ o B e r o n p o H 3 B e fle i in i í n a pyM biH CKHH H3H K . B 1 9 4 9 r o f l y b i i3flaT ejibC T B e « C a r t e a R u s a » b h x o a h t H36p aH H H e i ip o H 3B e - fleHHH B eJ iH H C K oro c npeflH C JioB iieM A . (D a fle e B a . B s t o m c 6o p m iK e h o m c - m e iib l H eK O TO pbie Ba>KHCÍÍIIIHO JIH TepaTypH O-KpH TH H eCKH C CTaTbH BeJllIHCKOrO (CTaTbH 8 II 9 «CoHHHCHHH A . I ly H IK H H a », o ó s o p b l pyC CK O Íi JIH TO paTypM 3a 1 8 4 6 h 1 8 4 7 t o a h A P - ) - B n o c J ie A y io m H e r o ^ b i n o c T e n e im o b c c ( Í o j io c yBejiH H H BaeTCH K O JraqecTB o nepeB O flO B n poH 3B efleH H H B e jiH H C K o ro Ha pyM H H CKH H H 3bIK .

B t o m « t e H 3flaT ejibC T B e « C a r t e a R u s a » b 1 9 5 2 r o A y b h x o a h t b c b o t « H s S p a n H H e neAarorHHecKiie npoH3BeAeHHH » * , a Hepe3 t o a — b T o cy A a p - CTBeHHOM HSAaTejibCTne JiHTepaTypbi h ncKyccTBa — ABa TOMa JiHTepaTypHo- KpiITHHCCKHX CTaTeií EeJIIIHCKOI’O2.

H a n 6o J iee h o j ih h m H3AaHHCM c o h h h c h h h B e ¿ iiiH C K o ro H a pyMHHCKOM H 3H K e HBJIHeTCH AByXTOMHHK «H .36p aH H H e (j)[IJIOCO(j)CKHO npOH3BeACHHH »3 . K a K upeA H C JiO B iie k 3TOMy ii3 A a H u io , H a iin c a H H o e H JieH O M -K oppccnoH AG H TO M A n aA eM H H H a y K C C C P M . Ü O B qyK O M , TaK h o S in i ip H b in , c T p o r o H a y r a b iH KOM M eHTapHH n o M o r a io T H 3yH eH H io H acaeA H H p y c c K o r o ({jiu iococjpa 11 itp iiT iiK a B P y M H H H H .

B Hameñ C T paH e 6 h j i h TaK /K e u e p e B e A e iib i H e6oJ ib u iH e p a S o T b i c o b c t - c k h x iiccJ icA O B aT G Jieii 3 . C m iip h o b o í í «Ü O JiH TH H ecK H e, c o H iia jib H b ie 11 c ft iu io - c o ^ ic K iie B3rjiHAi>i B . T . E e ji i iH C K o r o »4 (H a p yM bin cK O M h 3 h k i> ) h <1>. ¡T o a o - BeH H eH Ko « B . T . B em iH C K H H »5 (H a B eH repcK O M H 3 H K e ).

Ü O H B JieH Iie 9TIIX pafíoT H H3AaHHH Ha pyM HHCKOM H 3H K e BH3BaJIO n y 6 jiH K an ,iiio p H A a C T a ie n h peu ;eH 3H H . I I p n 3Tom a B T op b i o 6 p a in ,a .iiiicb k TeM n p o S jie M a M , K O TO pH e o h h CHHTanH H a n S o J ie e aK Tya-H bH H M H . TaK, O . C . K p ox M a itb H H H a H y 0 6 cT 0H T ejibH 0 a H a ji i i3H p y e T B o n p o c o Hau,HOHajibHOM11 n p o r p e c c u B H O M x a p a K T e p e n c K y c c T B a , p a c K p H B a n b cT a T b e «BeJiHHCKHH H KOCMOnOJIHTH3M )>6 B ep H H e H03JIHHH K piiT H K a K aK nO OTHOHieHHK) K H aijHOH aJiH SM y cJ iaB H H O $iM O B , TaK 11 no aApecy k o c m o h o j i h t c t i ¡ y i o i h h x 3 a n aA H H K O B .

1 V. G. B E L IN SK I, Opere pedagogice álese. Traducere din limba rusa do Martha Baraz si Tania Golescu, Bucuresti, Cartea Rusa, 1952.

2 V. G. B E L IN SK I, Pagini álese. Traducere de Tatiana Caciulcov si Vera Cálin, cu o prefa^a de N. Pascu, E .S .P .L.A ., Bucure§ti, 1953.

3 V. G. B E L IN SK I, Opere filozofice álese, vol. I— II, Cartea Rusa, 1956.4 Z. V . SM IRNOVA, Concepfiile politice, sociale ?i filosofice ale lui V. G. Belinski,

Bucuresti, 1954.5 F. GOLOVENCSENKO, B. G. Belinszkij, Bucuresti, 1956.6 « Contemporanul», 13 iunie 1948.

409

n O H B H B in iie C H B 3 T 0 T n ep H O fl, C T a T b ll 0 B eJIH H C K O M T O B O pH T O B O C X H m ,e- HHII H JIK )6bH pyM B IH C K H X lICCJIC;J,()BaTCJIOÜ K B eJIH K O M y p y C C K O M y K p iI T H K y . X a p a K T e p H H b s t o m O T H O in eH iiH a x io ^ M o B c j I ì i h c k o m H o H a B u r a e p a , o n y S ji i iK O B a H H L ie b n e p n o f l i r a e c K o ñ n e ^ a T i i m 3 a T e M — b n o c J ie f lH e M c 6 o p - h h k c K p i iT ir a e c K H x p a S o T H c c n e f lO B a T e n H 1 . P e n t i i ^ e T o 4 c T a T b n x : « C r p a c T - H a a K p iiT H K a » ( C r i t i c a — p a s i u n e ) , «J ^ B a n y T i i J iH T e p a T y p H o i i k p h t h k h » ( D o u à d r u m u r i i n c r i t i c a l i t e r a r a ) , « P e a j iH 3 M = n p a B ^ a - t - C 0 B p e M e H H 0 C T b » ( R e a l i s m = a d e v à r + a c t u a l i t a t e ) , «3 H a K O M b rìi H C 3 H a K 0 M e ij» ( N e c u n o s c u t c u n o s c u t ) . A b t o p h x y S e f l i iT e j ib H O n o K a 3 H B a e T S o r a T C T B o i i f l e i ì E e J i n H C K o r o , a p K O , c n p o iiH K H O B B H H b iM jin p n 3 M O M p n c y e T e r o o S a H T e J Ib H H H o 6 j i i i k .

H p H B O flH o 6 n m p H b i i i M a T e p H a J i H 3 C T a T e n n m ic e M B e J iH H C K o r o ,H . B i iT H e p co c p e f lO T O H H B a e T CBoe B H H M a H iie B O K p y r T a K i ix n p o 6 j i e M K a K Bonpoc o p e a J iH 3 M e , c o i i i i a j i i i c T H H e c K n e h p eB O JH O ijH O H H H e n ^ e i i B e J i i i n - C K o r o 4 0 - x r o j i ; o B , m ccto E e J i i iH C K o r o b p y c c K o n h M i i p o B o i i J i H T e p a T y p e .

BmCíCTO c TCM 3TH C T aT b H flOnyCKaiOT HeKOTOpblO (jìaKTHHCCKHC H6TOxIHO- CTII B CBH3H C XapaKTCpHCTHKOH pa3BIITIIH MIipOB033peHHH EeJIHHCKOro . T a n , H . B iiTH ep caiiTaeT EejiH H CKoro 6e3ycjioB H H M rerejibHHii;eM ^ a m e b HauaJie 3 0 - x ro,n;oB (K o r^ a KpiiTHK om e He 6 h ji 3HaK0M c <J>HJioco4)HeH T e r e - jih ) h He yMHTbiàaeT c jio jk h o c th o th o h ie r n ia p y c c K o r o m h c jih tc jih k HeMeii,- KOMy «|)HJioco(J)y. 3 t o oS'bHCHHCTCH tc m , h t o H . B iiT iiep He biiji;iit «JaKTopoB, oSycjioBH BiiiH X 3apo>KfleHHe h pa3BHTiie acTeraK ii E e jn iH C K o ro , K O Topaa h b 3 0 - e roflH OTTajiKiiBajiacb o t nepeflOBbix TpaflHijHn pyccKO H o6m,ecTBeHHon MbicjiH H JiH T ep aT yp H , pemHTeJibHO n p 0B 03 rjia m a H n p in u u in M peajiH 3\ia b H CKyccTBe . H eB epH O TaK>Ke yTBepjKfleH iie H . B i i T H e p a o to m , h to H a n p oT H - jKeHHii B eerò n e p B o ro n e p n o fla CBoen flenTeJibHOCTH BeJiHHCKnn noJiO/KiiTejibíio OTHOCIIJICH K pyCCKOII MOHapXIlH", OCHOBHBaH 3TO yTBepjKflCHHO Ha aH a - Jiii3e 3 a k ji i o HHTeJi bH oii nacTii « J I i i T e p a T y p H b i x M en T an iiii», M . BiiTH ep n e yaH T H B aeT , h t o OHa, n o Bcen B epoaTH ocTH , 6 buia BCTaBJieHa peflaK TopoM « M o jib h » Hafle>KflHHMM, n , bo b ch kom c j iy a a e , npoTEBopeM iiT B3r;iH flaM , B b ip a 3 H B m iiM C H b C T aT B H X p a H H e r o B e i i H C K o r o , a T a i m e b e r o f lp a M e « ^ m i i - T p iIH K a J IH H IIH » .

H a c J i e ^ n e B e J in H C K o r o o c B a iiB a e T C H n e t o j i b k o b c n e m i a j i b H b i x d a - T b a x , n o c B H m e H H b ix p y c c K O M y K p i i T i i K y . M o >k h o y T B e p 5 K /i ;a T b , h t o b n o - C J ie ^ H n e r o f l b i H eT h h O T f lo r o T p a K T a T a n o 3 C T e T iiK e , h h o f l H o r o n c T o p i i K o - h j i h T e o p e T i iK O - J iH T e p a T y p H o r o H C C J ie A O B a m m , K O T o p n e H e i i c n 0 J ib 3 0 B a j in 6 h T e h j i h H H b ie H f le u E e J i i i H C K o r o . T a K , H a n p i i M c p , M a p a e n B p H 3 y b C B o e n K H i ir e « X y f lO H ie c T B e H H o e n o 3 H a H i i e » 2 o n n p a e T C H H a f l a n n o e p y c c K H M K p n - t h k o m o n p e f l e J ie H n e n c K y c c T B a K a K M b in iJ ie m iH b o 6 p a 3 a x ; C iiJ ib B n a H I i o c i i - $ e c K y b p a 6 o T G « B o n p y r p o M a H a » 3 n p iiB O flH T x a p a K T e p i i c T i i K y B e jiH H C K iiM n o B C C T ii i i p o n a i i a K a K c a M b ix c o B p e M O H H b ix , H a n S o a e e c o o T B e T C T B y io m u x j iH T e p a T y p H b i x jK a n p o B s h o x h , a T a K JK e e r o M bic.J ib o n p o H iiK H O B e H H H f lp a M b i b p o M a H ; O . C . K p o x M S J ib H ir a a H y b C T a T b e « O c a T i i p r n e c K o n k o m o a h m » (In l e g a t u r a c u c o m e d i a s a t i r i c a ) 4 n c n o J i b 3 y e T m m c j i b B e J iH H C K o r o o t o m , h t o

1 I. V IT N E R , Meridiane literare, ESPLA, 1960.2 G p . MARCEL BREAZU , Cunoafterea artisticà, Ed. Ac. R .P .R ., 1960, CT p. 146— 153.3 S. IOSIFESCU, In jurul romanului, ESPLA, 1959, CTp. 39— 40, 208— 209.4 Cp. OY. S. CROHM ÀLNICEANU, Critici fi articole, ESPLA, 1953, C T p. 178.

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c a T i i p i w e c K o e H 3 o 6 p a > K e H iie jkhshií ^ojihího p a c K p H B a T b n p o T H B o p e q u a MeHífly A e i i c T B i iT e j ib H o c T b io h H f l e a j i o M , c tohkh 3 p e n H H K O T o p o r o x y f l o * - H H K flOJIH teH rH CBH O O T piIU ,aT b n o p O H H b l o 6 m e C T B C H H U e ÍIB J ieH IIH .

r i o A o 6 H bIX n p H M e p O B MOÍKHO np iIB C C T H e m e m h o j k c c t b o .H e o c T a H a B j iH B a a c b H a h h x , otmotiim 3 f l e c b J in u ib e m e o a h o iia > K H o e

c o 6 b i T i i e , C B H 3 a H H o e c p a c n p o c T p a H e H H e M H a cJ ie f l i iH B e J i i iH C K o r o b P y M H H H H . P c 4 b H flCT O n p a 3 flH 0 B a H IIH CTOnH TIIfleCH TH JieTH H CO flHH pOH ÍflCH IIH K p ilT H K a b 1 9 6 1 r o f l y . B cbh3h c stiim K > 6 iiJ ieeM , n iH p o K o O T M en a B in iiM C H b n a m e ñ C T p a H e , 6 h jih 0 p r a H H 3 0 B a H H H a y q H b ie KO H <j>epeH i;H H h T op>K C C T B C H H bie 3 a c e ^ ,a H H H , n o c B H m e H H b ie n a M H T ii B e j iH H C K o r o , a b n e n a T H n o H B H J ii ic b C T a T b H , o c B e m a B m u e e r o a c T C T iin e c K i ie B.,ir;i>r;i,i.i h j iH T e p a T y p H O -K p H T m t e - C K yiO flC H T eJIbH O C T b.

H a nayH H O H K o iu f ie p c H u iin H H CTH TyTa H C T op m i J M T e p a T y p b i h <j)OJib- K J iop a A ita ^ eM iiH P H P c flOKJiaflaM H BHCTynHJiH a iía ^ cM iiK í l e p n e c c u q H y c h n p o i j ) . M . H o b h k o b ; B nocJieflC T B H ii 3t h flOKJiaflbi 6 h j i h 0n y 6 jiH K 0BaH H b n e g a r a 1 .

O cH O B H B a H C b H a S o r a T o ñ f lO K y M e H T a ijH H , o n u p a H C b H a C T aT bH B e J i i m - C K o r o , a T a K H ie H a B H C K a 3 H B a H iiH o h c m J le H H H a , J l y H a n a p c K o r o , T e p i je H a h f lp ., a K a f l . n e p n e c c H q i i y c p a c K p b i B a e T .HHHHOCTb h f l e / i T e j i b H o c T b p y c c K o r o K p n T H K a c t o h k h 3 p e H iiH c o B p e M e H í i o ñ H a y K H . n p o ( | ) . M . H o b h k o b o é o S m a e T OCHOBHblC npHHU|HHH 3CTCTHKH H J IH T e p a T y p H O H K pH T H K H B eJ IH H C K O rO , H 0 K a 3 b iB a H h x o r p o M H o e 3HaHC*HHe b H a n iH # h h ; n o ^ p o G n o o c T a H a B J in a e T C H H a f lp a M e «¿J m h t p h h K a j iH H H H » , y T B e p > K f la n , h t o o H a a p K o x a p a K T e p H 3 y e T M n p 0 B 0 3 3 p e H n e M o j i o f l o r o B e J iH H C K o r o . M . H o b h k o b n o f lH e p K H B a e T , h t o H a c J ie ^ H e B C J iH K o ro p y c c K o r o K p H T H K a n p n o S p e J i o n 0 C T 0 H H H y i0 >K H 3H b, B CH H yiO MOJIO^OCTb .

C T a T b H , n o c B H m e H H b ie a cT e T H K e h J IH T e p a T y p H O H k p h t h k c B e J iH H C K o r o , n oH B H J iH C b b CBH 3H c K )6H JieeM b /K y p H a j i a x h r a 3 C T a x « V i a t a R o m i n e a s e á » (P y M H H C K a f l 5 K H 3 H b ), « C o n t e m p o r a n u l » ( C o b p c m o h h h k ) , « I g a z s z ó » ( n p a B -

flH B O e c j i o b o ) II f l p .B c e 3TH $ a K T H KpaCH O peaH BO CBIIfleTCJIbCTByiOT O TOM, HTO HaCJICflHe

BeJIHHCKOrO nOJIHOIÍ >KII3HbIO JKHBCT B CerOflHHIIIHCH P y M H H H H , HHTafl p a 3BHTHC COBpeMeHHOH pyMHHCKOH 3CTeTHKH II JIH TepaTypH O-KpH TH TCCKOH MHCJIII, COfleÜCTByH pa3BHTHK) II paCH BCTy COHHaJIHCTHHeCKOH K y jIb T y p b l H a n i i i x f l H e i í .

1 PERPESSICIUS, Actualitatea luí Bielinski, « Gazeta literara», 27 iulie — 3 august 1961; M. NOVICOV, Actualitatea lui Bielinski, « Studii si cercetári de istorie literará §i folclor», nr. 3, 1961.