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TheoryLearningBehavioral Views of Learning

Woolfolk, A. (2006). Educational psychology (11th Ed.). Allyn bacon(Ch.6 p.198-206)

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Objectives

What is learning according to behavioral psychology according to Skinner?

From a behavioral perspective how should teaching be carried out?

What are your thoughts about Skinner’s behaviorism? Do you agree or not?

What are some real life examples of Skin-ner’s operant conditioning?

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Basic assumptions of behaviorism

Everything is learned

Non-mentality

The mechanisms of learning is the same for all creatures including humans.

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Behavioral Theories of Education

OperantConditioning

Behaviorism

Pavlov (1849~1936)

Skinner (1904~1990)

ClassicalConditioning/Law of Effect

http://www.fotopedia.com/items/soleils-S82idIc5wY0http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:B.F._Skinner_at_Harvard_circa_1950.jpg

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Early Explanations of Learning: Contiguity and Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Stimulus Response

Learning of involuntary emotional or physiological responses

Humans and Animals can be trained to react involuntarily

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Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)

스크린

비이커

기록계먹이접시

Pavlov Learning is the result of the association of anConditional stimulus to an unconditional stimulus.

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Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)

Sound of bell (Neutral Stimulus)

Food(Unconditioned S) UCS

Repetition

XSaliva

Unconditioned Response (UCR)

Conditioned Response(CR)

Before conditioning

During

After

Sound of bell (Neutral Stimulus)

Food(Unconditioned S) UCS

Sound of bell (Conditioned Stimulus)CS

Saliva

Saliva

8

Operant Conditioning (Skinner)

http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Boite_skinner.jpg

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Operant Conditioning: Trying New Responses

Learning by strengthening voluntary be-haviors Antecedents Behavior (Operant) Consequences (Reinforcers)

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Operant Conditioning

Reinforcement always increases a desired behavior

Punishment always decreases an undesired behavior

Positive Negative

Give Positive Rein-forcement Punishment

Take away Punishment Negative

Reinforcement

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Operant Conditioning: Trying New Responses

Learning by strengthening voluntary behaviorsPositive Reinforcement Increases a behavior by adding a desired consequence

Negative Reinforcement Increases a behavior by removing an aversive stimulus

Punishment Presentation Removal

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Putting It All Together: Behavioral Approaches To Teaching And Management

Individualized instructionContingency ContractsToken Reinforcements Important to be sure that teaching methods

and practices are accurate

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Limitations

Can it explain complex human behavior?

Learning = Behavior?