Beginning of Change in the ColoniesZenger Trial, Salutary Neglect, &

the impact of the French & Indian War

• German immigrant to New York• 1733

– Zenger Begins printing New York Weekly Journal

– New York Governor• Removes govt. officials• Starts a new court• Attempts to rig a trial

• Zenger’s Journal fires back– Zenger’s paper accuses the governor of

threatening “liberties and properties & violating rules of office”

• Govt. indicted Zenger for libel• Grand jury clears Zenger of

charges because what he printed was true!

• Beginning of right of a free press

• The colonial leaders shared power

• England interfered very little with colonial affairs

• Parliament passed laws that were rarely enforced by governors

• Self-government grew in the colonies

Salutary Neglect

ROYAL GOVERNOR Appointed by crown

Oversaw colonial trade Final approval on laws Could dismiss colonial

assy.

Appointed by governor Advisory board to governor Acted as high court in colonies

Elected by eligible colonists Made laws Had authority to tax Paid governor’s salary

Governor’s Council Colonial Assembly

War begins shortly after alliances are made with the natives

Many small conflicts took place in the backcountry, known as the Ohio River Valley

Ohio was coveted by both the British & French

Both sides pushed for settlement, using military forces for support

British sent 21-year-old George Washington to remove the French @ Ft. Duquesne

• Delegates approve Ben Franklin’s plan– Called to unite the

colonies under a central govt.

– Called for a president-general in the colonies

– Called for legislative assembly w/ power to tax

• Colonies REJECT Franklin’s plan to unite the colonies against the French

• Colonies didn’t want to give too much power to one central govt.

ALBANY PLAN OF UNION

• New British Prime Minister William Pitt vows to pay for & win war at all costs

• British attack northern N.Y. & take French forts• British attack French city of Quebec

– French believed it to be impossible to attack

• British take Quebec in less than a month– Battle of Quebec was momentum swing & turning point in the war

• France kept lands in the West Indies

• Britain took all French lands EAST of the Mississippi River

• France would keep all lands WEST of the Mississippi River and New Orleans– To repay losses, France gave

Spain New Orleans and all they had WEST of the Mississippi

• Spain gave up Florida (for helping France)

Treaty of Paris of 1763

England Limits Colonial Expansion• British govt. tighten control on

colonies after the Seven Years’ War

• Proclamation of 1763– Prevent more fighting in the west due to

Pontiac’s War & land-hungry settlers – Stop all expansion west of the

Appalachian Mts.

• Britain keeps troops in the area to protect their interests– Military is in charge

• British used soldiers to enforce the law– People could only trade @ designated

points under military supervision