Becoming a World PowerBecoming a World Power

Pressure to ExpandPressure to Expand

ImperialismImperialism

Grew b/c:Grew b/c: Economic FactorsEconomic Factors

Natural Resources Natural Resources New MarketsNew Markets

NationalismNationalism MilitarismMilitarism Humanitarian Factors and ReligionHumanitarian Factors and Religion

Europe was the leader in imperialism, but Europe was the leader in imperialism, but the US soon followedthe US soon followed

US ImperialismUS Imperialism

Early ExpansionEarly Expansion AlaskaAlaska

Purchased from Russia in 1867 by US Purchased from Russia in 1867 by US Secretary of State SewardSecretary of State Seward

Ridiculed for buying “walrus covered Ridiculed for buying “walrus covered icebergs” and a “barren, worthless God-icebergs” and a “barren, worthless God-forsaken region.”forsaken region.”

Became known as Seward’s Folly and Became known as Seward’s Folly and Seward’s Ice Box.Seward’s Ice Box.

Reasons for Increased US Reasons for Increased US ImperialismImperialism Promoting Economic growth Promoting Economic growth Protecting American SecurityProtecting American Security Preserving the American SpiritPreserving the American Spirit Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism

The Spanish-American The Spanish-American WarWar

The Cuban RebellionThe Cuban Rebellion 1895--Cuban’s rebelled against Spain b/c of bad 1895--Cuban’s rebelled against Spain b/c of bad

economic conditions.economic conditions. Spain sent 150k troops under Gen. Valeriano Spain sent 150k troops under Gen. Valeriano

WeylerWeyler Weyler established “reconcentration” policies Weyler established “reconcentration” policies

(guarded camps)(guarded camps) Demand grew for US intervention b/cDemand grew for US intervention b/c

Rebels attacked sugar plantations and millsRebels attacked sugar plantations and mills Yellow Journalism--exaggerated reports that stemmed Yellow Journalism--exaggerated reports that stemmed

from a newspaper battle b/w Joseph Pulitzer and William from a newspaper battle b/w Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph HearstRandolph Hearst

JingoismJingoism

The WarThe War

PreludePrelude 1898--riots erupted in Havana1898--riots erupted in Havana President McKinley moved the USS Maine in President McKinley moved the USS Maine in

to protect Americansto protect Americans Feb 15--an explosion sunk the Maine killing Feb 15--an explosion sunk the Maine killing

250 and the Spanish were blamed250 and the Spanish were blamed Asst. Sec. of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt Asst. Sec. of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt

ordered Adm. George Dewey to attack the ordered Adm. George Dewey to attack the Spanish fleet in the Phillipines if war broke Spanish fleet in the Phillipines if war broke out.out.

Mckinley sent demands to CubaMckinley sent demands to Cuba Compensation for the MaineCompensation for the Maine End of Concentration CampsEnd of Concentration Camps Truce in CubaTruce in Cuba Cuban IndependenceCuban Independence

Most, but not all were agreed to.Most, but not all were agreed to. April 11--Congress recognized Cuban April 11--Congress recognized Cuban

Independence and authorized force.Independence and authorized force.

Course of the WarCourse of the War May 1, 1898--Adm. Dewey attacked the Spanish fleet in May 1, 1898--Adm. Dewey attacked the Spanish fleet in

the Philippines and destroyed it in 7 hrs.the Philippines and destroyed it in 7 hrs. US ships bottled the Spanish Atlantic fleet up in US ships bottled the Spanish Atlantic fleet up in

Santiago Bay, CubaSantiago Bay, Cuba Volunteer troops massed in Tampa, FL for the invasion Volunteer troops massed in Tampa, FL for the invasion

of Cubaof Cuba Theodore Roosevelt (TR) resigned his position and formed the Theodore Roosevelt (TR) resigned his position and formed the

1st volunteer cavalry “the Rough Riders”1st volunteer cavalry “the Rough Riders” July 1, 1898--TR led the Rough Riders up San Juan Hill (most July 1, 1898--TR led the Rough Riders up San Juan Hill (most

famous incident in the war).famous incident in the war). July 3, Spanish Atlantic fleet tried to escape and the US July 3, Spanish Atlantic fleet tried to escape and the US

navy sank it.navy sank it.

CasualtiesCasualties 2500 Americans Died2500 Americans Died

Treaty of Paris 1898Treaty of Paris 1898 Cuba’s independence recognized by Cuba’s independence recognized by

SpainSpain US paid Spain $20 millionUS paid Spain $20 million Spain gave up the Philippines, Puerto Spain gave up the Philippines, Puerto

Rico, and GuamRico, and Guam

Fate of the PhilippinesFate of the Philippines 1899 Rebelled and 3 year war erupted 1899 Rebelled and 3 year war erupted

b/w Filipinos and USb/w Filipinos and US Gained Independence in 1946Gained Independence in 1946

Fate of CubaFate of Cuba Placed under military governmentPlaced under military government 1900 Drafted a constitution based on 1900 Drafted a constitution based on

the Platt Amendmentthe Platt Amendment Cubans couldn’t enter into foreign Cubans couldn’t enter into foreign

agreementsagreements US could establish 2 naval bases on the US could establish 2 naval bases on the

IslandIsland US could intervene when necessaryUS could intervene when necessary

Fate of Puerto RicoFate of Puerto Rico Remains under US controlRemains under US control Puerto Ricans have US citizenshipPuerto Ricans have US citizenship

HawaiiHawaii

1891 Queen Liliukalani tried to reduce 1891 Queen Liliukalani tried to reduce the power of foreign merchantsthe power of foreign merchants

1893 Sanford B. Dole (a pineapple 1893 Sanford B. Dole (a pineapple planter) w/ the help of US Marines planter) w/ the help of US Marines removed her from power and declared removed her from power and declared a republica republic

Dole requested the US annex HawaiiDole requested the US annex Hawaii 1898 congress annexed Hawaii1898 congress annexed Hawaii

Expansion Under TR and Expansion Under TR and TaftTaft

OverviewOverview

1900 William MCKinley was 1900 William MCKinley was overwhelmingly reelected President. overwhelmingly reelected President.

1901 He was assassinated and 1901 He was assassinated and Theodore Roosevelt became Theodore Roosevelt became President.President.

Roosevelt continued imperialist Roosevelt continued imperialist policies.policies.

Panama CanalPanama Canal

The canal was needed to make The canal was needed to make shipping and naval warfare more shipping and naval warfare more efficient.efficient.

1879--A French Company bough a 1879--A French Company bough a concession from Colombia to build a concession from Colombia to build a canal across the Isthmus of Panama. canal across the Isthmus of Panama. They failed b/c of mismanagement They failed b/c of mismanagement and yellow fever.and yellow fever.

US bought out the Concession for $40 million.US bought out the Concession for $40 million. Colombia planned to up the price of the Colombia planned to up the price of the

concession when it ran out in 1904concession when it ran out in 1904 Roosevelt sponsored a rebellion against Roosevelt sponsored a rebellion against

Colombia:Colombia: Panama rebelled with US naval supportPanama rebelled with US naval support Panama declared independence and the US Panama declared independence and the US

recognized it and became its protectorrecognized it and became its protector Panama gave the US a permanent grant for a 10 Panama gave the US a permanent grant for a 10

mile wide canal zone for $10 millionmile wide canal zone for $10 million

Construction began in 1904 and Construction began in 1904 and finished in 1914 6 months ahead of finished in 1914 6 months ahead of schedule and $23 million under schedule and $23 million under budget.budget.

TR’s Foreign PolicyTR’s Foreign Policy

Philosophy: “Speak softly and carry a big Philosophy: “Speak softly and carry a big stick, you will go far.”stick, you will go far.”

Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe DoctrineDoctrine The US:The US:

Didn’t want any more territoryDidn’t want any more territory Wanted stability in its neighborsWanted stability in its neighbors Would exercise an “International Policy Power” if a Would exercise an “International Policy Power” if a

nation was about to collapse or if threatened US nation was about to collapse or if threatened US interests.interests.

Taft’s Dollar DiplomacyTaft’s Dollar Diplomacy

Substituted “dollars for bullets”Substituted “dollars for bullets” IOW increased American investment IOW increased American investment

in countries in order to maintain in countries in order to maintain peace.peace.

The Debate over The Debate over ImperialismImperialism

Anti-ImperialistsAnti-Imperialists

ArgumentsArguments Rejection of “Liberty for all”Rejection of “Liberty for all” US didn’t need more responsibilityUS didn’t need more responsibility RacismRacism Economics--costly, lose jobsEconomics--costly, lose jobs

ImperialistsImperialists

ArgumentsArguments Americans needed a new frontier to Americans needed a new frontier to

keep their edgekeep their edge Economic expansion was vital.Economic expansion was vital.