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u.s. Department of Energy Oak Ridge Operat ions Poat Office Box E Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
Bechtel National, Inc. Eng,ncr~'5 - CunSlruclo's
JilCI!&on PlllIa Towel
arlO 000 Atdlll' lurnp'"1! Ou A,allo TO'l'HIS&UO
.\'I.,'Aaarllll I> 0 II." I~O ()._A~I It; l'HI' \,1'" r.'e. JI'~~',
1111 ":LJ997
Attention: S, W. Ahrends, Director Technical Services Division
Subject: Bechtel Job No. 14501, f'USRAP Project DOE contract NO. DE-AC05-BIOR20722 publication of the Performance Monitoring Report for the Niagara Fa!.ls Storage Site Waste containment Structure code: 7430/WBS: 202
Dear Me. Ahrends;
The following is in response to your letter number B7-38S (our CCN 045653).
Enclos~'" tire ten copies of the 5 I. t report. ThlS pub! __ : i version i"'co .. 'c~ :::6 the comments provided in the referenced lettt:!r. In addition, a copy of Reference I) is enc1ose,j i'!ij
requested. A duplicate set of the photographs c(:.': <n~d ill Reference 7 is being rnade for you to retain in your flies; ttlt' reference and photographs wi 11 be transmi tted to YOu a,~ soon QS photographic processing is complete.
AMF/amf Enclosures: As stated
cc: R. G. Atkin (w/o enclosure)
very truly yours,
:-1, .. (( ... 'r t'-II f
J. A. Arenson Pro)ect Mandget - f'USRAP
L. F. Campbell (w/o enclosure) G. K. Hovey tw/o enclosure) J. F. Wing (w/o enclosure)
0966x
I I I I
• I I I
• I I I I I I I I I I
Su'plu, Filcillt,,)s M;Hldll",,,,,,,t P'flU'drrl lSI MI'I Contracl No DE-ACOb810R20722
PERFORMANCE MONITORING REPORT FOR THE NIAGARA FALLS STORAGE SITE
WASTE CONTAINMENT STRUCTURE
Lewiston, New York
Calendar Year 1986
-------------- - -- -----
July 1987
Bechtel NatIOnal. Inc.
r--------- LU,4!-MJTJCt: ---------
O~S9S3
DOE/OR/20722-159
PF.RFORMANCf MON I TOR HIe REPORT
FOP THE NIAGARA FALLS STORAGE SITF.
WI\STF CONTld NMI.::NT STFUCTtJR f
CALFNOI\P YEAR 1986
JULY 1987
prt-pared (Dr
UNITED STATFS DfPAR':'Mn:T OF ENERGY
OAK FIDGF OrFIiATIONS OFFICE
Under Contract No. DE-AC05-BIOR20722
By
M.G. Jones, C.R. Johnson, and J.A. Blanke
Bechtel National, InC'.
Oak Ridge, Tennessee-
Bechtel Job No. 14501
TABLE Of CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Location and Description
1.2 Objective
2.0 Summary of Performance Monitoring Results
3.0 Performance Monitoring Data
3.1 Surface Monitoring
3.2 Subsurface Monitoring
3.3 Environmental Monitoring
4.0 comparison with Previous Data
5.0 Actions Required
References
A.l-'per.dix 1\ - bumnldry of Vibrating Wire Pressure Tri:tnsducer Data for Calendar Year 19~6
il
15
19
24
25
26
Figure
1-1
1-2
1-3
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-' 3-5
3-6
3-1
3-2
3-3
LIST OF FIGURES
.lli..!.! The Regional Setting of the NFSS
Site Plan of the HFS5
Cross Section of the NFSS waste Containment Structure
Aerial Mapping of the NP5S waste containment Structure
Aerial View of the NFSS Waste Contalnment Structure
survey Grid for the NF5S waste Containment Structure
Locations of Areas of Cap Surface Erosion
Location of VWPTs and PpTs on the Waste Containment Structure
Location of NFSS Groundwater Monitoring wells in the Vicinity of the Waste C~ntainment structure
LIST OF T1\9LES
~
Elevations in Feet (MSL) at Grid Intersections, NFSS Waste containment structure
summary of Subsurface Monitoring Instruments
concentrations of Uranium and Radium-226 in Groundwater at the NFSS, 1986
iii
O~5953
10
11
13
16
17
21
l' 18
22
em
ft py
h.
in.
km
msl
),lCi/ml
pCi/l
ABBREVIATIONS
iv
centimeter
foot
fiscal year
hectare
inch
kilometer
O~5953
mean sea level
microcLlries per
milliliter
picocucies per liter
;':1 0
all :i-l ~U) z~
ffi~~g~ g~~~~ ~~~!rl~ ~~~~~
('& ~~~tt
j 51--~~ cnf2!5~~ g~;t~~
UI fa i=~n~~~ .. ~ a::a::W;(X
~ ~~~~~ " ~ozR::R::
I-uc!c:(o:(
w 1; z
I ~ '" 0 '" 0 "' ~ ~ '" ::l !2
'" '" '" ul ~ ul ~ ul ~ ul ill ill '" '" '"
~\w 20 -<r Qa: ~(!)
w a: r= u ;;J
f= en I-z W ::; z ~ Z 0 u W I-en
~ en en LL Z w J: l-LL 0 Z 0 i= u w en en en 0 a: U
:2 ill ~ w
w a: ;;J (!l u::
Burface layer forms a protoctive blanket to maintain moisture within tho clay layer and reduce tho effect of hOBt heave. It
also prevents ~rying that could reoult in the formation of
tension cracks and provides a baee for shallow-rooted graBs. The clay layer, soil cover, and topoeil comprise the short-term
closure system fot' the Waste Containment Structure.
1. 2 OBJECTIVE
The primary objective of the performance moni toring program is
early detection of trends that could indicate weaknesses
developing in the containment structure. The monitoring system
serves as the basis for a preventive maintenance program,
allowing corrective action to be taken before the integrity of
the structurE! is compromised. consequently, subsurface as well
as surface monitoring techniques are used. possible indications
of structural distress include:
o Differential settlement of the wastes
a Desiccation cracking of the clay cove,!:
o Horizontal displacement
a Surface erosion
o Anil. ..... l burrowing
o Deep-rooter vegetation
a Rapid rise of the potentiometric (saturated) surface inside the containment structure
o Residual reduction in soil density due to frost heave
2.0 SUMMARY OF PEl1FORMANCE MONITORING RESULTS
nurin9 19B6, the performance monitoring pcogcam at the NFSS was
initiated to monitor the surface and subsurface conditions of
the Waste Containment Structure. Surface techniques are used to
check waste placement, the various layers of the containment
facility cover, and surface drainage. Subsurface
instrumentation monitors the performance of the gray clay unit
and cutoff wall/dike.
Surface monitoring activities included a topographic survey, a
walkover survey, and aerial photographY. However, the aerial
photographs of the cap were ta\t:en in the fall during closure
activities, $0 the cap was not complete and the aerial
photographs do not represent baseline data. Aerial photographs
were taken again in early June 1987 to provide the required
baseline photographic data. This aerial mapping will provide a
reference for detection of changes in the surface contours of
the Waste containment Structure to supplement the information
provided by the topograph ic and wal kover su rveys.
The top,~-aphic and walkover surveys were performed in the fall
followinq closure of the containment structure. These
activities have established the baseline for ensuius 1J1U';-'
performance monitoring surveys. Data obtained represent the
initial condition of the Waste Containment Structure and provide
the basis for determining whether any actions are required. The
results of the surface monitoring are discussed in
Subsection 3.1, and actions required are discussed in
Secti.on 5.0.
subsurface monitoring instrumentation includes vibrating wire
pressure transducers tVWPTS) (to monitor pore water pressure)
and a secondary system of pneumatic pressure transducers (PPTs),
which provide a check on the operation of the VWPTs. The
locations of these devices are shown in Figure 3-5. The PPTs
were installed adjacent to three of the VWPTs. The PPTs had
only one reading in 1986, which was the initial reading in
November after ~notallat1on. Monthly readings are planned for
the future. De.ily rcodingB of VWPTs began in November 1986 and
will continue for one year to establish a baseline reading for
the instruments. The frequency of readings will then be
adjusted depending on results of the first year's operation.
Data COllected during the 1986 monitoring period reflect the
reestablishment of water levels that existed prior to instrument
installation. Once stability has been reestablished, any
further changes detected by the instruments will reflect changes
within the wastes. Data are represented in graph form in
Appendix l\, and the results of the subsurface monitoring are
discussed more fully in subsection 3.2.
O~5953
3.0 PERFORMANCE MONITORING DATA
This section provides the results of the 1986 performance
monitoring program at the NFSS and a summary of the results of
the environmental monitoring for calendar year 1986. The specific details of the performance monitoring system are
prOVided in Reference 6. Complete environmental monitoring
information is provided in Reference 4.
3.1 SURFACE MONITORING
3.1.1 Aerial Photography
An aerial survey of the cap surface was performed in October
1986 as the waste Containment Structure was being completed.
The northern section of the cap surface was complete at the time
of the aerial survey, but the grading on the southern section of
the cap surface was not complete. During the next aerial
survey, to be performed in spring 1987, additional information
will be obtained that will show the completed Waste Containment
Structure. Thereafter, the survey will be flown at
approximately the same time each year to optimize consistency in
evaluating the mapped area.
Figure 3-1 sn- ,s the surface contours develop2d from the aerial survey of the waste Containment Structure. The deviations in the contours located along the 3:1 slope on the east side of the
waste Containment Structure are not erosion problems but small
trenches excavated to install the cables for the pressure
transducers. An aerial view of the containment structure as it
appeared in October 1986 is shown in Figure 3-2.
3.1.2 Topographic Survey
A topographic survey of the cap surface was performed in
November 1986 on a predetermined grid. The grid layout utilized
lOO-ft spacing; north/south grid lines were deSignated with
9
045953
8N1 NO is (S600 WI2S) t ELE\lJ'BJII~ I L 13
1 8M NO , 15600 El1S1
I ELEV3'680~
W-i r \ 1 1,\ SOUTH 16 OITCH
®- '---<
[~! 1/ ®
x ~ ---I "'-./ " I ~
®-i r-< I \ ~ " x
r-<! I
I ,~ J- , I ~ " 5 ~
I · , WAST€. CON.TAINMENT ~ t--' !STRUCTURE ~,
0-~ I A : · t--' ~
6 ~ i - - ~
<V-I · I
I ~ Ii - I
~ @ I
~:: ---, " 7\~ \ ,),OITe l1
I " f--< -- ","'\ ... .--i "- ---.-w I i H( \ l0-NOT TO SCALE
,
® \ I i I "
,
1 \.... TOE OF CAP i ,
i, I
~~. ~ I ,
@ I~- GRID lIf4ES ARE AT o · ® ® BM NO 5 [51800 wt251\ I
© ® G A SPACING OF 100
ELEV31996~
FIGURE 3·3 SURVEY GRID FOR THE NFSS WASTE CONTAINMENT STRUCTURE
01.595,
TAbLE 3-1
ELEVATIONS IN FEET (MSLI AT GRID INTERSECTIONS, NFSS
WASTE CONTAINMENT STRUCTUREa
E/W Grid Lln •• b N/S Grid Llnesb CIEO'5! oIE17SI EIE"S! F I El'S 1
12 ( 5700) 318.2 317.2 317.1 317.2
11 (59001 332.2 334.7 334.5 333.5
10 ( 59001 333.9 341. 2 341.7 334.6
(51000) 333.6 341. 8 343.1 334.5
(51100) 333.1 341. 4 342.5 334.9
(51200 ) 333.0 341. 2 342.3 335.0
(51300) 333.6 342.4 344.7 337.5
5 (SHOO) 333.7 343.2 347.4 339.6
(51500 ) 334.5 343.2 347.1 343.3
(51600) 338.8 339.8 337.5 337.8
(51700 ) 323.1 321. 2 319.9 320.5
(SISOO) 320.2 320.5 321. 4 317.6
aElevations ps'"--:bJ ':ed during topographic survey, November 13-14, 198b.
bCoordinates of grid lines are in parentheses.
14
Localized areas of sparse grass on the northern section of the cap
Tire tracks on the topsoil
Locations of large clods on the cap surface
o Water infiltration into geotechnical instrumentation manhole
o Poor drainage along the toe of the cap
Isolated areas of erosion in the southern section of the cap (see Figure 3-4)
photographs of these conditions are available in project files
for future reference (Ref. 7). Actions required to correct the
items noted are discussed in Section 5.0.
3.2 SUBSURFACE MONITORING
In fall 1966, 13 VWPTs and 3 l'PTs were installed inside the
Waste containment Structure, as shown in Figure 3-5. The thrE'e
PPTs were installed at the same elevation and in the same
boreholes as VWPTs 1, 9, and 13. The PPTs pro .... ide a means for
checking the operation of the VWPTs. The instrument number,
grid ]0' io,,! recorder channel, ground surface elevation, and
instrument elevation are summarized in Table 3-2.
The instruments were installed in boreholes drilled to the base
of the wastes at the designated locations. Each instrument was
installed 6 in. above the bottom of the borehole, then embedded
in 3 ft of sand. A l-ft thick bentonite seal was placed above
the sand. The remaining portion of the borehole was filled with
grout.
The instrument cables were then buried in trenches and routed to
the termination point in Building 403. During installation, the
cable from VWPT at Borehole 10 was accidentally cut at the
ground surface, and the use of that instrument was terminated.
A replacement instrument was installed adjacent to Borehole 10
1,
1
)(
I )(
x
WASTE CDNlAINIENl AREA
\0 ,:::. C>
NOT TO SCALE
_ AREAS OF \IIIlIIII1 EROSION
FIGURE 3-4 AREAS OF EROSION ON THE NFSS WASTE CONTAINMEN STRUCTURE SURFACE
,-r=-=
I I \
\ \
\ \ \
\ \
\ \ \ I I I I I
21
~ o z
LL o ~ Z U ;; w I f-
~ U"J -' -'
3: (!) 2 iI: f2 z Ow 2~ o:fwU l:i::::J
3:1= cU"J 2f:::J2
~~ (!)2
~~ LL2 20 LLU Ow 2f-Q~ !<c~ Uw g~
co M w 0: :::J (!)
u:
TABLE 3-3
CONCENTRATIONS OF URANIUM AND RADIUM- 226
IN GROUNDWATER AT THE NFSS. 1986
Sampling !:2Dcent rat 10n (10-9~b Locat iana Minimum Maximum Average
~
BH-5 <3 <3 <3 8R-48 <3 6 5
A-42 65 73 71 A-SO <3 5 4
8H-49 <3 <3 <3 A-52 13 19 17
8H-64 11 15 13 8H-70 <3 4 <3 8H-71 <3 <3 <3
Badium-226
BH-5 0.3 0.7 0.5 BH-4B 0.4 0.7 0.5
A-42 0.1 1.5 0.6 A-50 0.2 0.9 0.5
8H-49 0.1 0.5 0.2 A-52 0.2 0.3 0.3
BH-64 0.3 0.5 0.' 8H-70 0.3 0.6 0.5 BH-71 0.2 0.8 0.4
aSampl in: l~- . ions are shown in Figure 3-f.. Only those \oIelLs adjacent to or nearby the Waste containment Structure are reported in this document. For complete site-wide results, see the 1986 Site Environmental monitoring report (Ref. 4).
bl x 10- 9 uC1/ml is equivalent to 1 pCt/1.
0293t :DRAFT 06/05/87
22
same (Ref. 4). Therefore, the 1986 datd represent a
well-established baseline condition upon which to base
comparisons ..,ieh fUtUC8 monitoring results. As reported
earliec, the groundwater monitoring program wi" Io,e greatly
expanded in 1987, with the addition of the 36 ,rronltoring
wella. The established data record and expandel. monitoring
program will provide the information neceSSCl.ry for quickly
ascertaining any increases in radionuclide concentrations in
groundwater.
23
4.0 COMPARISON WITH PREVIOUS DATA
Since the Waste Cont.ainment Structure was just completed in fall
1986, there are no previous data for comparison. As previously
stated, the data obt.ained in calendar years 1986 and the 1987
aerial survey will establish the baseline for future performance
monitoring, making possible the early detection of surface or
subsurface changes that may indicate developing weakness in the
Waste Containment Structure. To accurately evaluate the
effectiveness of the containment facility, the data from both
the performance monitoring system and the broader environmental
monitoring program will be assessed.
For 1986, thE. environmental monitoring report sho~s there has
been no change in the quality of the water collected from the
groundwater ~ells surrounding the Waste containment structure.
The report also shows that, regarding radon levels, external
gamma radiation levels, and calculation of potential dose to the
public, the NFSS is in compliance with the DOE radiation
protection standard (Ref. 4).
24
APPENDIX A
SUMMARY OF VIBRATING WIRE PRESSURE TRANSDUCER DATA
FOR CALENDAR YEAR 1986
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DAILY READING (INST . 8-eH. lBI
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DAILY READING (INST . 9-CH. 19)
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DAILY READING (INST .to-CH.l0)
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SfTNEEN 11/4/86 - 11/30/86
DAILY READING 7.00 - (INST, I1-CH.1)
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BETWEEN 11/4/86 - 11/30/86
DAILY READING (INST. 12-CH. 2)
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BETWEEN 12/1/86 - 12/31/86
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DAILY READING (INST. 13-CH. 3) -,
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