BE 4290 Class 3 Overview Engineering Methods

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Engineering methodsEngineering methods

overview, product designoverview, product designspecificationspecificationBE 4290BE 4290

September 1, 2009September 1, 2009



Engineering design definitionsEngineering design definitions

The strategy for causing the best change in aThe strategy for causing the best change in apoory understood or uncertain situation withinpoory understood or uncertain situation withinthe avaiabe meansthe avaiabe means

The engineering method is the use ofThe engineering method is the use ofengineering heuristics to cause the best changeengineering heuristics to cause the best changein a poory understood situation within thein a poory understood situation within theavaiabe resourcesavaiabe resources

Engineering design estabishes and definesEngineering design estabishes and defines

soutions to and pertinent structures forsoutions to and pertinent structures forprobems not soved before, or probems whichprobems not soved before, or probems whichhave previousy been soved in a different way!have previousy been soved in a different way!"#! Bumrich$"#! Bumrich$



The Four C’s of designThe Four C’s of design

CreativityCreativity %e&uires creation of something that has not e'isted before or%e&uires creation of something that has not e'isted before or

not e'isted in the designer(s mind beforenot e'isted in the designer(s mind before

ComplexityComplexity

%e&uires decisions on many variabes and parameters%e&uires decisions on many variabes and parameters ChoiceChoice

%e&uires ma)ing choices between many possibe soutions at a%e&uires ma)ing choices between many possibe soutions at aeves, from basic concepts to smaest detai of shapeeves, from basic concepts to smaest detai of shape

CompromiseCompromise %e&uires baancing mutipe and sometimes conficting%e&uires baancing mutipe and sometimes conficting

re&uirementsre&uirements



Engineering design methodsEngineering design methods

*efinition+ Engineering design methods*efinition+ Engineering design methods

are any identifiabe way of wor)ing withinare any identifiabe way of wor)ing within

the conte't of designing "procedures,the conte't of designing "procedures,

techni&ues, aids or toos$!techni&ues, aids or toos$!

ost common design method+ -design byost common design method+ -design by

drawing.drawing.



/ther common design methods/ther common design methods

*efine probem*efine probemathering information from customersathering information from customers

Benchmar)ingBenchmar)ing

uaity unction *epoyment "*$ pg! 93uaity unction *epoyment "*$ pg! 93

roduct *esign Specification "*S$ pg!109roduct *esign Specification "*S$ pg!109




ather informationather informationBoo)sBoo)s#ournas#ournase'pertse'perts 5nternet5nternetatentsatents

trade iteraturetrade iteratureStandardsStandardsetc!etc!




6oncept generation6oncept generationBrainstormingBrainstorming

6onceptua decomposition6onceptua decomposition

orphoogica chartorphoogica chart

Evauation of conceptsEvauation of conceptsugh concept seection methodugh concept seection method

*ecision matricies*ecision matricies



5nfo on methods5nfo on methods

The methods isted under the -The methods isted under the -definedefine

problemproblem. are contained in *ieter, 6hapter. are contained in *ieter, 6hapter

77

Gathering information from customersGathering information from customers,,

cients, and8or community partners can becients, and8or community partners can be

done through interviews, focus groups,done through interviews, focus groups,

customer surveys, and anaysis ofcustomer surveys, and anaysis of

customer compaints and concerns!customer compaints and concerns!



*efining the probem*efining the probem

Benchmarking Benchmarking is a method for measuringis a method for measuring

a company(s operations against the besta company(s operations against the best

companies inside and outside the industry!companies inside and outside the industry!

ou search for industry -best practices.ou search for industry -best practices.

that ead to superior performancethat ead to superior performance

The benchmar) is a reference point fromThe benchmar) is a reference point from

which to ma)e comparisonswhich to ma)e comparisons



Benchmar)ing methodBenchmar)ing method

SelectSelect the product, process or functiona area of the company thatthe product, process or functiona area of the company thatis to be benchmar)edis to be benchmar)ed

IdentifyIdentify )ey performance)ey performance metricsmetrics that wi be measured and usedthat wi be measured and usedfor comparison "number of parts produced, estimated product cost,for comparison "number of parts produced, estimated product cost,rate of return, customer satisfaction, etc$rate of return, customer satisfaction, etc$

IdentifyIdentify thethe best in classbest in class companies for each product or process tocompanies for each product or process tobe benchmar)ed! : best in cass company is one that performs thebe benchmar)ed! : best in cass company is one that performs theprocess at the owest cost and highest degree of customerprocess at the owest cost and highest degree of customersatisfaction, or has the argest mar)et share of product type!satisfaction, or has the argest mar)et share of product type!Search is broad, shoud incude companies in same industry be maySearch is broad, shoud incude companies in same industry be maybe different industries!be different industries!

CompareCompare the best in cass products or processes with the in housethe best in cass products or processes with the in housee&uivaent using the performance metrics "identify gaps$e&uivaent using the performance metrics "identify gaps$ SpecifySpecify programs or actions to meet and e'ceed competition!programs or actions to meet and e'ceed competition!

%e&uires definitive action pan with suitabe resource commitment%e&uires definitive action pan with suitabe resource commitmentand a schedue of miestones for achieving goas!and a schedue of miestones for achieving goas!



5n groups5n groups

;se the process <ust e'pained to start;se the process <ust e'pained to start

benchmar)ing your design or abenchmar)ing your design or a

component of your designcomponent of your design

Be prepared to report bac) in = minutes>Be prepared to report bac) in = minutes>



QFDQFD andand DSDS+ see *ieter, pp! 93 and 109+ see *ieter, pp! 93 and 109respectivey for detaisrespectivey for detais

Both are critica for defining the probem? go overBoth are critica for defining the probem? go over

the e'ampe in chapter 7?the e'ampe in chapter 7? !athering information!athering information! ou have aready been! ou have aready been

trained in these areas in prior casses with thetrained in these areas in prior casses with thee'ception of patent searches and possibye'ception of patent searches and possiby

finding standards! See 6hapter =, *ieter forfinding standards! See 6hapter =, *ieter formore information!more information!



Concept generationConcept generation

Brainstorming Brainstorming 6arefuy define probem8concept to be6arefuy define probem8concept to be

brainstormed on at start of pro<ectbrainstormed on at start of pro<ect

:ow = minutes for each person to thin) :ow = minutes for each person to thin)

about ideasabout ideas

Team e'ercise+ @rite ideas on post it notesTeam e'ercise+ @rite ideas on post it notes

and pace on waand pace on wa/nce you(ve e'hausted ideas, try using the/nce you(ve e'hausted ideas, try using the

S6:E% chec)ist to generate more ideas+S6:E% chec)ist to generate more ideas+



S6:E%S6:E%

SubstituteSubstitute

6ombine6ombine

:dapt :daptodify, magnify, minifyodify, magnify, minify

ut to other usesut to other uses

EiminateEiminate%earrange, reverse%earrange, reverse



6oncept generation6oncept generation

: fina brainstorming method+ random : fina brainstorming method+ random

output! %andomy seect a word from aoutput! %andomy seect a word from a

boo) or dictionary "or randomy seect anboo) or dictionary "or randomy seect an

ob<ect$ and see if any you can find anyob<ect$ and see if any you can find any

connection between the word8ob<ect andconnection between the word8ob<ect and

the design probem!the design probem!



Conceptual decompositionConceptual decomposition

The process of decomposing a probem intoThe process of decomposing a probem into

smaer parts that are easier to manage!smaer parts that are easier to manage!

Two ma<or approaches+Two ma<or approaches+

*ecomposition in the physica domain "physica*ecomposition in the physica domain "physicadecomposition$decomposition$+ product or subassemby is bro)en+ product or subassemby is bro)en

down into its physica componentsdown into its physica components

unctiona decompositionunctiona decomposition+ product or subassemby is+ product or subassemby is

bro)en down into its functiona components! ethod+bro)en down into its functiona components! ethod+identify the subfunctions needed to achieve overaidentify the subfunctions needed to achieve overa

function, and then identify the embodiments8methodsfunction, and then identify the embodiments8methods

to achieve each subfunction! See *ieter, pp! 222to achieve each subfunction! See *ieter, pp! 222



Morphological chart Morphological chart

orphoogy+ study of shape and form!orphoogy+ study of shape and form!

This is a method for creating new shapesThis is a method for creating new shapes

and forms "design concepts$! *ieter, pp!and forms "design concepts$! *ieter, pp!

27=!27=!

:rranges functions and subfunctions in :rranges functions and subfunctions in

ogica order, and for each subfunction,ogica order, and for each subfunction,

ists the possibe -hows.ists the possibe -hows.



Evaluation of conceptsEvaluation of concepts

ugh(s concept seection method+ pp! 2AAugh(s concept seection method+ pp! 2AA

*ieter *ieter

*ecision matrices*ecision matrices@eighted decision matri', pp 232@eighted decision matri', pp 232

:naytic hierarchy process ":$+ pp! 23= :naytic hierarchy process ":$+ pp! 23=



"hat I #ant you to do as a group$"hat I #ant you to do as a group$

%ead *ieter and ma)e sure you understand%ead *ieter and ma)e sure you understand** *S*S

unctiona decompositionunctiona decompositionorphoogica chartorphoogica chart ugh(s seection methodugh(s seection method *ecision matricies*ecision matricies

6ome to cass and as) &uestions on these6ome to cass and as) &uestions on thesemethods if you need to> 5 wi go over each ofmethods if you need to> 5 wi go over each ofthese briefy but wi e'pect that you )now themthese briefy but wi e'pect that you )now themfor the e'am>for the e'am>



/ra presentation C1/ra presentation C1

The tite of your pro<ectThe tite of your pro<ect

The probem statementThe probem statement

Bac)ground informationBac)ground information*S "preiminary$*S "preiminary$

5nitia ideas for your design5nitia ideas for your design

Everyone spea)s? 10D12 min totaEveryone spea)s? 10D12 min tota



Two important methods in definingTwo important methods in defining

the probemthe probem*S+ product design specification*S+ product design specification

*+ &uaity function depoyment*+ &uaity function depoyment

Each shoud be an appendi' in your finaEach shoud be an appendi' in your fina

design report for BE 4290 and 4292design report for BE 4290 and 4292

These estabish your design -road map.These estabish your design -road map.



roduct *esign Specificationroduct *esign Specification

The ma<or descriptive document for theThe ma<or descriptive document for the

design and manufacture of your product,design and manufacture of your product,

process, or systemprocess, or system

*escribes in writing the product that is*escribes in writing the product that is

intended to be manufactured andintended to be manufactured and

mar)etedmar)eted



This documentThis document

6ontains a facts reated to the outcome6ontains a facts reated to the outcome

of product deveopmentof product deveopment

6ontains the constraints invoved in the6ontains the constraints invoved in the

designdesign

inaies the process of estabishinginaies the process of estabishing

customer needs and wants, prioritiingcustomer needs and wants, prioritiing

them, and putting them into a technicathem, and putting them into a technica

framewor)framewor)



Sections of the DSSections of the DS

5nDuse purposes and mar)et5nDuse purposes and mar)et

unctiona re&uirementsunctiona re&uirements

6orporate constraints6orporate constraintsSocia, poitica, and ega re&uirementsSocia, poitica, and ega re&uirements



5nDuse purposes and mar)et5nDuse purposes and mar)et

roduct titeroduct tite urpose or function product performsurpose or function product performs ;nintended uses;nintended uses

Specia featuresSpecia features Types of products that your product wi competeTypes of products that your product wi compete

with "who ma)es themF$with "who ma)es themF$ 5ntended mar)et5ntended mar)et

@hy is there a need for this productF@hy is there a need for this productF :nticipated mar)et demand :nticipated mar)et demand Target seing price and estimated retai priceTarget seing price and estimated retai price



unctiona re&uirementsunctiona re&uirements

unctiona performanceunctiona performance Energy, materias, accuracy, etc!Energy, materias, accuracy, etc!

hysica re&uirementshysica re&uirements Sie, weight, shape, finishSie, weight, shape, finish

Service environmentService environment %ange of temp, pressure, wind, rain, sat, dirt, dust, corrosion,%ange of temp, pressure, wind, rain, sat, dirt, dust, corrosion,

shoc), vibration, noise, abuse, insect8bird damage, shef ifeshoc), vibration, noise, abuse, insect8bird damage, shef ife

Gifecyce issuesGifecyce issues

%eiabiity "mean time to faiure$, maintainabity, instaabiity,%eiabiity "mean time to faiure$, maintainabity, instaabiity,retirement, cost of operation, etc!retirement, cost of operation, etc!

uman factorsuman factors :esthetics, ergonomics, user training :esthetics, ergonomics, user training



6orporate constraints6orporate constraints

Time to mar)etTime to mar)et

anufacturing re&uirementsanufacturing re&uirements

SuppiersSuppiersTrademar), ogo, brand nameTrademar), ogo, brand name

inancia performance "minimum %/5F$inancia performance "minimum %/5F$

6orporate ethics6orporate ethics



Socia, poitica, and egaSocia, poitica, and ega

re&uirementsre&uirementsSafety and environmenta reguationsSafety and environmenta reguationsGist a that wi be usedGist a that wi be used

StandardsStandardsGist a that wi be usedGist a that wi be used

Safety and product iabiitySafety and product iabiity*ocumentation throughout design process,*ocumentation throughout design process,

carefu design of warning abescarefu design of warning abesatents and inteectua propertyatents and inteectua property :void infringement :void infringement

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BE 4290 Class 3 Overview Engineering Methods