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BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
How to plan for Nature?Communication and participation
Testing workshop
Camp Reinsehlen, 25 – 27 January 2012
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Presentation outline
Communication Participation Faciltiation Stakeholder analysis Key points to remember
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Communication – the basics
Why do we communicate? What happens when we communicate and what not? Types of communication
– Instrumental– Interactive
Organizational communication– External– Internal
Means of communication
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Communicating Nature Conservation
Why do people communicate? Communication is essential in life Communicate even if unaware of it Individuals and groups need to communicate for basic
life needs and to express identity Communication enables relationships between people
and therefore for society to function Groups communicate to maintain identity and to develop
knowledge within group
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Traditional communication model
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Instrumental communication
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Communicating Nature Conservation
What is Communication?
Oxford English Dictionary: “The exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, signals, writing or behaviour.”
The meaning is wide ranging can include discussion, a newspaper article, a letter, observing a red traffic light, body language, etc.
Wikipedia defines:
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Communication as an interactive process
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Participation
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Communicating Nature Conservation
Facilitation is“Helping others to have a discussion or reacha conclusion or consensus by:
– Creating the right ambience– Setting the right ground rules– Encouraging constructive behaviour– Discouraging destructive behaviour– Ensuring that everyone has their say– Not disrupting the flow of discussion and ideas (even if
you disagree!)– Steering the direction of discussion – not directing”
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Stakeholder participation
Who are the stakeholders? Why to involve stakeholders in BES planning? Stakeholder analysis
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Where are we now?
Where would we like to be?
Vision
Plans
Where have we come from?
Past Present Future
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
A stakeholder.. Who are directly involved in the project and who need
to carry out the practical decisions and actions in terms of planning, design and actual implementation in terms of protection, management, restoration or creation of habitat and associated work with species– Land managers, contractors, conservation NGOs and
volunteers, etc Who are directly affected by the plan or activity and
can influence it but who are not directly involved in the work – Landowners, local residents, hunters, birdwatchers,
recreational users, etc
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local BiodiversityA stakeholder..
Whose permission, approval or (financial) support will be needed– Regional and municipal authorities, local representatives of
ministries, agencies and state institutes, etc Who may participate in implementation via community
mobilisation efforts or by representing a particular segment of society– Environmental organizations, elected officials, chamber of
commerce representatives, neighborhood advisory council members, religious leaders, etc
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
A stakeholder..
Who may not be directly involved but who can influence opinions for or against the plan or activity– Local celebrities, local media, elected officials, business or
trade union leaders, environmental organizations, chamber of commerce representatives, teachers, neighborhood group members, religious leaders, etc
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Why stakeholder involvement?
Ownership Empowerment Sustainability Relevance Impact Effectiveness Efficiency Learning Synergy and collaboration
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Integration of different sectors..
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
TRADITIONAL APPROACH
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
PARTICIPATIVEAPPROACH
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Understanding stakeholders
Stakeholders have:– World views, values, norms,
cultural context– Interests– Power– Conflicts
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Institutions – organisations
Questions:– What are the important government, business
and NGO organisations?– How effectively are these organisations
performing?– How are the different organisations linked
together (power relations, communications, joint work, competitors)
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Participatory Tools and Techniques
Rich pictures Brainstorming Visioning Questionnaires and surveys Cause and effect mapping Historical analysis Locality mapping Focus groups Semi-structured interviewing Flow diagrams
Role plays SWOT analysis Institutional linkages Information tabulation and
graphing Matrix analysis Issue analysis Card technique Nominal group technique Action planning
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Stakeholder analysis
Methods:– Stakeholder maps– Institutional diagram– Secondary data
Questions:– Who are the key stakeholders?– How do different stakeholder groups interact?– What are the power relations between different
groups?
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Why do we need stakeholder analysis?
To empirically discover existing patterns of interactions To mobilise key stakeholders and to build up a common
awareness To target interventions and approaches As a management tool in policy making As a tool to predict and/or manage conflicts
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Important stages in stakeholder analysis
Before the situation analysis starts:– When defining the scope of the policy/project
During the problem identification and analysis:– to mobilise stakeholders & to analyse the stakeholders’
needs and interests, objectives, linkages and interactions, etc.
While designing the project strategy or policy:– to balance conflicting interests and to assure
commitment/participation in implementation
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Key questions in stakeholder analysis
Who are the stakeholders in a system, with regard to a certain project / programme?
What are their interests, views, objectives? How important are they? How are they affected? How do they affect / influence the project /
programme outcomes? What kind of relations? How should stakeholders participate or contribute?
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Conditions for successful stakeholder involvement Clear mandates and legitimacy for the process Engagement of all key stakeholders Incentives for participation Integration with existing institutions and processes Clear scope and boundaries of the content Co-ordination between different scales Effective facilitation and leadership Utilise a diversity of methodologies Establish and monitor performance questions and indicators
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Means of communication
Newsletters Magazines Manuals for employees Programmes for orientation Bulletin boards Meetings Staff day outs Awards
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Communication planning
Anaylse the situation Set targets Decide on action Implement Evaluate
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Key skills..
Facilitation Moderation Interpersonal Commitment to the success Flexible Openness and transparency Honesty Positive attitude