Memo From CEO to ManagerToday at 11’clock there will be a total eclipse of the sun. This is when the sun disappears behind the moon for two minutes. As this is something that cannot be seen everyday, time will be allowed for employees to view the eclipse in the parking lot. Staff should meet in the lot at ten to eleven, when I will deliver a short speech introducing the eclipse, and giving some background information. Safety goggles will be made available at small cost.

Memo from Manager to Department Head

Today at ten to eleven, all staff should meet in the car park. This will be followed by a total eclipse of the sun, which will appear for two minutes. For a moderate cost, this will be made safe with goggles. The CEO will deliver a short speech beforehand to give us all some information. This is not something that can be seen every day.

Memo from Department Head to Floor Manager

The CEO will deliver a short speech to make the sun disappear for two minutes in the form of an eclipse. This is something that cannot be seen everyday, so staff will meet in the car park at ten or eleven. This will be safe if you pay a moderate cost.

Memo from Floor Manager to Supervisor

Ten or eleven staff are to go in car park, where the CEO will eclipse the sun for two minutes. This does not happen everyday. It will be safe, and as usual it will cost you.

Memo from Supervisor to Staff

Some staff will go to the car park today to see CEO disappear. It is a pity this doesn’t happen everyday

Barriers of Communication

These barriers are physiological, sociological and psychological obstacles that interfere with the planning, organization, transmission and understanding of the message

Language BarrierIf the communicator and the receiver belong

to different language groups, their ignorance of each other’s language or the lack of common language will be a barrier to communication between them

Semantic BarrierA word may have a variety of meanings Example light, cheap, etc. which can be used

with favorable as well as unfavorable connotations

Example:- Switch on the light & The cell phone is light

weight

He is so cheap & The price is comparatively cheap

Poor vocabularyPoor vocabulary does not allow the

communicator to write or speak effectively.

It does not allow the receiver to understand the message clearly.

If the receiver does not understand the words, he cannot properly comprehend the sentences.

Barriers to Effective Communication

Barriers to effective communication mean the reasons for a breakdown in communication. These breakdowns may be for arising due to

Problem with the senderProblem with the mediumProblem with the receiverProblem with the feedback

Problem with the sender• The sender may use to technical language or may use

‘jargons’ which are difficult to understand.

• The sender may speak too quickly which makes it difficult to interpret what he is saying.

• The sender initiates a wrong message.

• The message send by the sender may be too long and due to this the main point to be emphasized may get lost.

• The sender may have a wrong opinion or perception of the receiver and may not put effort to put across the message in an effective way.

Problem with the medium

The message may be lost while transmitting.

Using an inappropriate medium may result in the less effective communication.

A longer channel of communication will result in distortion of the message and it may lose its original meaning.

There is lots of physical disturbances in channel of communication used.

Problem with the receiver

The receiver might not be paying attention and thus the message may lose its impact.

In many cases, the sender might not be trusted by the receiver and may not act in the intended way.

The receiver may not have the necessary skills to understand the message.

Problem with the feedback

The feedback may be missing or unclear.

OTHER COMMON BARRIERS…Physical barriers  are often due to the

nature of the environment.

Thus, for example, the natural barrier which exists, if staff are located in different buildings or on different sites.

System design faults refer to

• System design  faults refer to problems with the structures or systems in place in an Organization.

• Organizational structure which is unclear and therefore makes it confusing to know who to communicate with.

Attitudinal barriers Attitudinal barriers  come about as a result

of problems with staff in an organization.

Psychological factorsIf someone has personal problems like

worries about their health or marriage, then this will probably affect them.

Different languages and CulturesDifferent languages  and cultures represent

a national barrier which is particularly important for organizations involved in overseas business.

Individual linguistic abilityThe use of difficult or inappropriate words in

communication can prevent people from understanding the message.

Poorly explained or misunderstood messages can also result in confusion

The linguistic differences

What is the value of this Laptop? I value our relation? What is the value of learning technical skills?

“Value” means different in different sentences. Communication breakdown occurs if there is wrong perception by the receiver.

Physiological barriers• Physiological barriers  may result from

individuals' personal discomfort, caused, for example, by ill health, poor eye sight or hearing difficulties.

Presentation of information Presentation of information  is also

important to aid understanding.

Information OverloadManagers are surrounded with a pool of

information.

It is essential to control this information flow else the information is likely to be misinterpreted or forgotten or overlooked.

As a result communication is less effective.

Inattention

At times we just not listen, but only hear.

Example Asking query to boss when he is in hurry or busy in work

Time PressuresTime pressures increases the stress

Any work which is performed without time pressure improves quality work

Miss communication due to stress or time pressure is common problem