BCA - RC Spreadsheet User Guide Version 3

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C H Goodchild BSc CEng MCIOB MIStructE

R M Webster CEng FIStructE

User Guide toRC Spreadsheets: v3

Acementandconcreteindustrypublication

User guide to Excel spreadsheets for design to BS 8110: Part 1, 1997 (Amd. 3)and BS EN 1992: 2004 Part 1-1 and its UK National Annex


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Foreword

This publication was originally produced by the Reinforced Concrete Council (RCC) as part of itsproject Spreadsheets for concrete design to BS 8110 and EC2. Since their release in 2000 thespreadsheets have proved enormously popular and have been maintained by the RCC and its

successor The Concrete Centre.

The release of Version 3 of the spreadsheets follows the publication of BS EN 1992-1-1 (Eurocode 2)plus its UK National Annex and the publication of Amendment 3 to BS 8110 Part 1: 1987.The requirements within these standards have necessitated the revision of all the publishedspreadsheets. This user guide gives guidance on the use of all design spreadsheets to BS 8110 andEurocode 2 contained on the CD ROM RC Spreadsheets: v3, published by The Concrete Centre(order ref. CCIP-008CD).

Acknowledgements

The ideas and illustrations come from many sources. The help and guidance received from manyindividuals are gratefully acknowledged.

Thanks are due to members of the original projects Advisory Group for their time and effort inhelping to make the project feasible and in bringing it to fruition. The members of the AdvisoryGroup are listed on the inside back cover.

Special appreciation is extended to: Richard Cheng, BSc, CEng, Eur Ing, FIStructE, author of theretaining wall and basement wall spreadsheets, Peter Noble for conversions and checking, and toAndy Pullen for initial studies into compatibility of spreadsheet software. Also the late Sami Khanfor help with post-tensioning spreadsheets.

Published by The Concrete Centre

Riverside House, 4 Meadows Business Park, Station Approach, Blackwater, Camberley, Surrey GU17 9ABTel:+44 (0)1276 606800 Fax:+44 (0)1276 606801

CCIP-008Published July 2006ISBN 1-904818-38-2

Price Group O The Concrete Centre

User Guide v1 published by the British Cement Association on behalf of the Reinforced Concrete Council.User Guide v2 published electronically by The Concrete Centre.

CCIP publications are produced by The Concrete Society on behalf of the Cement and Concrete IndustryPublications Forum an industry initiative to publish technical guidance in support of concrete designand construction.

CCIP publications are available from the Concrete Bookshop at www.concretebookshop.comTel:+44 (0)7004 607777

All advice or information from The Concrete Centre is intended for those who will evaluate the significance and limitations of

its contents and take responsibility for its use and application. No liability (including that for negligence) for any loss resultingfrom such advice or information is accepted by the Concrete Centre or their subcontractors, suppliers or advisors. Readers shouldnote that The Concrete Centre publications are subject to revision from time to time and should therefore ensure that they are inpossession of the latest version.

Cover artwork: D J Kil loran - The Concrete Society.Printed by Cromwell Press, Trowbridge, UK.


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Contents

INTRODUCTION 1

GENERAL NOTES 3

SPREADSHEETS TO BS 8110 17

Elements 19

Analysis 35

Slabs 38

Beams 72

Columns 113

Walls 125

Stairs 139

Foundations 146

Tabular versions 158

SPREADSHEETS TO EUROCODE 2 179

Elements 185

Analysis 205

Slabs 208

Beams 243

Columns 270

Stairs 284

Foundations 287

ADMIN FOLDER 298

REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 299


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Contents in full

INTRODUCTION 1

GENERAL NOTES 3

Using the spreadsheets 10

Menu.xls 16SPREADSHEETS TO BS 8110 17

Elements RCC11 Element Design.xls 19

RCC12 Bending and Axial Force.xls 26

RCC13 Punching Shear.xls 28

RCC14 Crack Width.xls 33

Analysis RCC21 Subframe Analysis.xls 35

Slabs RCC31 One-way Solid Slabs (A & D).xls 38

RCC31R Rigorous One-way Slabs.xls 43

RCC32 Ribbed Slabs (A & D).xls 50

RCC32R Rigorous Ribbed Slabs.xls 56

RCC33 Flat Slabs (A & D).xls 64

Beams RCC41 Continuous Beams (A & D).xls 72

RCC41R Rigorous Continuous Beams (A & D).xls 78

RCC42 Post-tensioned Slabs & Beams (A & D).xls 85

RCC43 Wide Beams (A & D).xls 107

Columns RCC51 Column Load Take-down & Design.xls 113

RCC52 Column Chart generation.xls 118

RCC53 Column Design.xls 120

RCC54 Circular column charting .xls 123

Walls RCC61 Basement Wall.xls 125

RCC62 Retaining Wall.xls 132

Stairs RCC71 Stair Flight & Landing - Single.xls 139

RCC72 Stairs & Landings - Multiple.xls 142

Foundations RCC81 Foundation Pads.xls 146

RCC82 Pilecap Design.xls 149

Tabular versions RCC91 One-way Solid Slabs (Tables).xls 158

RCC92 Ribbed Slabs (Tables).xls 161

RCC93 Flat Slabs (Tables).xls 166

RCC94 Two-way Slabs (Tables).xls 173

RCC95 Continuous Beams (Tables).xls 175

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SPREADSHEETS TO EUROCODE 2 179

General notes to Eurocode 2 versions 181

Elements TCC11 Element Design.xls 185

TCC12 Bending and Axial Force.xls 194

TCC13 Slab Punching.xls 196

TCC14 Crack Width.xls 201

Analysis TCC21 Subframe Analysis.xls 205

Slabs TCC31 One-way Slabs.xls 208

TCC31R Rigorous One-way Slabs.xls 214

TCC32 Ribbed Slabs (A&D).xls 221

TCC33 Flat Slabs (A&D).xls 228

TCC33X Flat Slabs (A&D).xls 237

Beams TCC41 Continuous Beams.xls 243

TCC41R Rigorous Continuous Beams.xls 249

TCC42 Post-tensioned Analysis & Design.xls (Beta) 256

TCC43 Wide Beams (A & D).xls 264

Columns TCC51 Column Load Take-down Design.xls 270

TCC52 Column Chart generation.xls 276

TCC53 Column Design.xls 278

TCC54 Circular Column Design.xls 280

TCC55 Axial Column Shortening.xls 282

Stairs TCC71 Stair Flight & Landing - Single.xls 284

Foundations TCC81 Foundation Pads.xls 287

TCC82 Pilecap Design.xls 291

ADMIN FOLDER 298

REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 299

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1

Introduction

Introduction

The RC spreadsheets were originally produced under theReinforced Concrete Councils project, Spreadsheets for concretedesign to BS 8110 and EC2. They were released in January 2000and have been maintained and extended by the RCC and itssuccessor The Concrete Centre. They continue to be supportedby The Concrete Centre.

In recognition of the new and updated spreadsheets madeavailable as part of the version 2.x issue, it was decided to revise(but not publish) the second edition of the User Guide.

The introduction of Eurocode 2[3]

, its National Annex andAmd of BS 8110:1997[2]has necessitated the revision of all thespreadsheets and publication of version 3 of the User Guide. Thisthird edition of the User Guide provides guidance on the use of allspreadsheets produced to date (July 2006).

For the experienced engineer, the spreadsheets allow therapid production of clear and accurate design calculations. Thespreadsheets allow younger users to understand concrete designand help them to gain experience by studying their own what ifscenarios. The individual user should be able to answer his/ herown questions by chasing through the cells to understand thelogic used. Cells within each spreadsheet can be interrogated andcan have their formulae checked and values traced. The originalspreadsheets reflected a consensus of opinion on several designissues. The version 3 Eurocode 2 spreadsheets reflect a consensus

of opinion of a limited number of engineers. Students and youngengineers may follow the model calculations presented in thespreadsheets to form an understanding of current reinforcedconcrete design.

The spreadsheets are intended to follow normal design practiceand cater for the design of low- to medium-rise multi-storeyconcrete framed buildings. They are offered as shareware.However, users are required to register when using them inany commercial capacity. Registration is through The ConcreteBookshop (07004 607777 and www.concretebookshop.com).The original project was jointly funded by the RCC and theDepartment of the Environment Transport and the Regions(DETR) under its Partners in Technology scheme. It was made

possible by the support and contributions of time given byindividual members of industry. The project was managed by theRCC and guided by an 80-strong Advisory Group of interestedparties, including consulting engineers and software houses.

In producing the original spreadsheets several issues had to beaddressed. Firstly, which spreadsheet package should be used?Excel( Microsoft Corporation) appeared to hold about 70% ofthe market amongst structural engineers and was thus adopted.More specifically, Excel 97was originally adopted as being defacto the most widely available spreadsheet in the field. To avoidcomplications, it was decided not to produce correspondingversions using other spreadsheet packages. The spreadsheets arecompatible with later versions of Excel.

Eurocode 2 parts 1-1 and 1-2 together with their UK NationalAnnexes have now been published. Students and bothinexperienced and experienced engineers will all need to graspan understanding of design to this code. There are differencesbetween EC2 and BS 8110. The spreadsheets should help withthe transition.

Whilst the spreadsheets to BS 8110 provide a consensus of currentcommercial reinforced concrete design practice, the spreadsheetsto Eurocode 2, provide a consensus of design proceedures to thisnew design code. The introduction of Eurocode 2 will provide

commercial opportunities for those who are prepared to use it.

It is believed that both novices and experienced users ofspreadsheets will be convinced that spreadsheets have a greatpotential for teaching BS 8110 and Eurocode 2, improvingconcrete design and, above all, improving the concrete designand construction process. The spreadsheets to Eurocode 2 shouldhelp all engineers to familiarise themselves with the details of thisnew design code.

Version 2.x

The version 2.x released in 2003 [3]introduced new spreadsheetsto BS 8110, to the more finalised EN 1992-1-1 (Eurocode 2) and

an overarching menu spreadsheet. Previously issued spreadsheetsto BS 8110 were updated.

The new spreadsheets introduced were:

Menu

BS 8110 RCC31R Rigorous One-way Slabs

RCC32R Rigorous Ribbed Slabs

RCC41R Rigorous Continuous Beams

RCC43 Wide Beams (A&D)

RCC54 Circular Column Design

RCC82 Pilecap Design

Eurocode 2 RCCen11 Element Design

RCCen12 Bending and Axial Force

RCCen13 Punching Shear

RCCen14 Crack Width

RCCen21 Subframe analysis

RCCen31 One-way Solid Slabs (A & D)

RCCen31R Rigorous* One-way Solid Slabs

RCCen32 Ribbed Slabs (A & D)

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RCCen33 Flat Slabs (A & D) RCCen41 Continuous beams (A & D)

RCCen41R Rigorous* Continuous Beams

RCCen43 Wide Beams (A&D)

RCCen52 Column Chart generation

RCCen53 Column Design

RCCen55 Axial Column Shortening

RCCen81 Foundation Pads

RCCen82 Pilecap Design

Version 3

The release of version 3 of the spreadsheets follows thepublication of BS EN 1992-1-1 (Eurocode 2)[3] and the UKNational Annex and the publication of Amendment 3 to BS8110 Part 1: 1987[2]. The requirements within these documentsnecessitated the revision of all previously published spreadsheets.The opportunity has been taken to introduce new spreadsheetsas follows:

BS 8110 RCC82 Pilecap Design

Eurocode 2 TCC33X Flat Slabs (Whole floor)

TCC41R Rigorous Continuous Beams TCC42 Post-tensioned Slabs and Beams (A&D) (version)

TCC43 Wide Beams (A&D)

TCC54 Circular Column Charting

TCC71 Stair Flight and Landing - single

TCC81 Foundation Pads

TCC82 Pilecap Design

Spreadsheets numbered RCCen11, RCCen12 etc released as Betaversions have been released for use as TCC11, TCC12 etc.

Using and improving the spreadsheetsSince their release in 2000 the spreadsheets have proved to beenormously popular. They may now be regarded as having nowbeen thoroughly tested by engineers in practice but this does notmean that they are infallible! The user is referred to Managing the

spreadsheetsand other General Notesthat follow.

The older spreadsheets usefulness and robustness havebeen enhanced by users reporting problems or suggestingimprovements. Comments or suggestions for improvementare welcomed. Contact The Concrete Centres Helpdesk [email protected] or on 0700 4 500 500.



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General notes

Managing the spreadsheets

Use

Spreadsheets can be a very powerful tool. Their use has becomeincreasingly common in the preparation of design calculations.They save time, money and effort. They provide the facility tooptimise designs and they can help instill experience. However,these benefits have to be weighed against the risks associatedwith any endeavour. These risks must be recognised and

managed. In other words appropriate levels of supervision andchecking, including self-checking, must, as always, be exercisedwhen using these spreadsheets.

Advantages

For the experienced engineer, the spreadsheets help in therapid production of clear and accurate design calculations forreinforced concrete elements. The contents are intended to besufficient to allow the design of low to medium-rise multi-storeyconcrete framed buildings.

Spreadsheets allow users to gain experience by studying theirown what if scenarios. Should they have queries, individualusers should be able to answer their own questions by chasingthrough the cells to understand the logic used. Cells within eachspreadsheet can be interrogated, formulae checked and valuestraced. Macleod[7] suggested that, in understanding structuralbehaviour, doing calculations is probably not a great advantage;being close to the results probably is.

Other benefits include quicker and more accurate reinforcementestimates, and the possibilities for electronic data interchange(EDI) Already, bending schedules derived from spreadsheets arethe basis of some EDI and the control of bar-bending machines.Standardised, or at least rationalised, designs make the checkingprocess easier and quicker.

Appropriate use

In its deliberations{8} the Standing Committee on StructuralSafety (SCOSS) noted the increasingly wide-spread availabilityof computer programs and circumstances in which their misusecould lead to unsafe structures.

These circumstances include:

People without adequate structural engineering knowledge ortraining may carry out the structural analysis.

There may be communication gaps between the designinitiator, the computer program developer and the user.

A program may be used out of context.

The checking process may not be sufficiently fundamental.

The limitations of the program may not be sufficientlyapparent to the user.

For unusual structures, even experienced engineers may nothave the ability to spot weaknesses in programs for analysisand detailing

The committees report continued: Spreadsheets are, in principle,no different from other software With regard to thesespreadsheets and this publication, The Concrete Centre hopes tohave addressed more specific concerns by demonstrating clearevidence of adequate verification by documenting the principles,theory and algorithms used in the spreadsheets. The spreadsheetshave also had the benefit of the Advisory Groups overview andinputs. Many, especially the spreadsheets to BS 8110, have hadseveral years use and maintenance. Inevitably, some unconsciousassumptions, inconsistencies, etc.[9]will remain.

Liability

A fundamental condition of use Is that the user acceptsresponsibility for the input and output of the computer and howit is used.

As with all software, users must be satisfied with the answersthese spreadsheets give and be confident in their use. Thesespreadsheets can never be fully validated but have been throughBeta testing, both formally and informally. The BS 8110 versionshave been used for several years and as a result of feedback theyhave been updated to address known errors. However, usersmust satisfy themselves that the uses to which the spreadsheetsare put are appropriate.

This is especially true with the spreadsheets to Eurocode 2. Whilethe Eurocode 2 versions have been through Beta testing, theyhave not yet been used in anger. Also, Eurocode 2 is a completelynew code to most designers and so there is little experience ofdesign to this standard.

Control

Users and managers should be aware that spreadsheets can bechanged and must address change control and versions for use.The flexibility and ease of use of spreadsheets, which accountfor their widespread popularity, also facilitate ad hoc andunstructured approaches to their subsequent development.

Quality Assurance procedures may dictate that spreadsheets aretreated as controlled documents and subject to comparison andchecks with previous methods prior to adoption. Users QualityAssurance schemes should address the issue of changes. Thepossibilities of introducing a companys own password to thespreadsheets and/ or extending the revision history containedwithin the sheet entitled Notes! might be considered.

General notes



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ApplicationThe spreadsheets have been developed with the goal of producingcalculations to show compliance with codes. Whilst this is theprimary goal, there is a school of thought[10]that designers areprimarily paid for producing specifications and drawings that workon site and are approved by clients and/ or checking authorities.Producing calculations happens to be a secondary exercise,regarded by many experienced engineers as a hurdle on the wayto getting the project approved and completed. From a businessprocess point of view, the emphasis of the spreadsheets might,in future, change to establishing compliance once members,loads and details are known. Certainly this may be the preferredmethod of use by experienced engineers.

The spreadsheets have been developed with the ability for usersto input and use their own preferred material properties, bar sizesand spacings, etc. However, user preferences should recognisemoves for efficiency through standardisation.

Another long-term objective is automation. To this end,spreadsheet contents might in future be arranged so that inputand output can be copied and pasted easily by macros and/ orlinked by the end-user. There are counter arguments about usersneeding to be closer to the calculations and results in order toensure they are properly considered seeAppropriate useabove.

We emphasise that it is up to the user how he/ she uses theoutput. The spreadsheets have been produced to cater for bothfirst-time users and the very experienced without putting thefirst-time user off. Nonetheless, their potential applications are

innumerable.

Summary

With spreadsheets, long-term advantages and savings comefrom repeated use but there are risks that need to be managed.Spreadsheets demand an initial investment in time and effort,but the rewards are there for those who make the investment.Good design requires sound judgement based on competencederived from adequate training and experience, not just computerprograms.

Familiarisation

There are many different ways to present structural concretecalculations. Calcs should demonstrate compliance withrelevant design codes of practice, but different designers wantto investigate different criteria and want to set out calculationsin different ways. Spreadsheets cannot satisfy everyone. Thespreadsheets presented here have been set out to cover thecriteria that may be deemed usual. It is incumbent on the userto judge whether these criteria are pertinent and sufficient forthe actual case in hand. It is also incumbent on the user to ensurethat inputs are correct and that outputs are of the correct orderof magnitude.

The spreadsheets are intended to follow normal design practiceand cater for the design of low- to medium-rise multi-storeyconcrete framed buildings. Each type of element may be designedin several different ways, e.g. horizontal frame elements may bedesigned using:

Element design: design of simple elements to BS 8110: Part1[2]or BS EN 1992[3]

Tabular design: design of elements based on moments andshears derived from BS 8110: Part 1 Tables 3.12 and 3.5

Analysis and design: design of elements based on momentsand shears from analysis, e.g. sub-frame analysis, embodied

within the spreadsheets

Element design

The element design spreadsheets illustrate the basic principlesof reinforced concrete design from input material properties,dimensions, moments, shears and axial loads, etc. They form thebasis of element design used in succeeding spreadsheets. Themoments, shears and axial loads used should be derived fromseparate analysis (e.g. hand calculations, sub-frame analysisspreadsheet or other analysis package). For further explanationthe user is referred to BS 8110, BS EN 1992-1-1 or a number ofstandard reference works[11, 12 , 13] .

Tabular design

The tabular design spreadsheets use Tables 3.12 and 3.5 f rom BS8110: Part 1 to automate the derivation of design moments and

shears. However, the use of these tables is restricted for slabs.BS 8110: Part 1, Clause 3.5.2.4, restricts the use of Table 3.12 towhere:

In a one-way slab, the area of a bay (one span x full width)exceeds 30m2

The ratio of characteristic imposed loads, Qk, to

characteristic dead loads, Gkdoes not exceed 1.25

The characteristic imposed load, Qk, does not exceed 5

kN/m2, excluding partitions

Additionally, for flat slabs, there are at least three rows ofpanels of approximately equal span in the direction beingconsidered.

For beams, Clause 3.4.3, Table 3.5 is valid only where:

Characteristic imposed loads, Qk, do not exceed characteristicdead loads, G

k

Loads are substantially uniformly distributed over three ormore spans

Variations in span length do not exceed 15% of the longestspan

If design parameters stray outside these limits, the tabular designspreadsheets should be used with caution.



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Analysis and designTo provide for more general application, these versions combinesub-frame analysis with design. Spreadsheets for one-way slabs,ribbed slabs, flat slabs and beams provide powerful design tools.Sub-frame analysis is also used in the post-tensioned concretedesign spreadsheets.

The sub-frame analysis spreadsheet RCC21.xls may of course beused alone (and the elements designed by other means such asRCC11.xls).

The flat slab spreadsheet RCC33 is intended to be used one-direction at a time. TCC33x designs flat slabs to BS EN1992-1-1 intwo directions at one time. The post-tensioned concrete design

spreadsheet follows the 1994 BS version of Concrete SocietyTR43[14]and involves sub-frame analysis at various limit states.The principles used are applicable to both beams and slabs witheither bonded or unbonded tendons being designed to BS 8110. ABeta version of the post-tensioned concrete design spreadsheetto Eurocode 2 and the 2005 version of Concrete Society TR43 isincluded. The examples of the retaining wall and basement wallspreadsheets are based on common UK practice.

Deflections

In most spreadsheets deflection checks are based on span:depthcriteria in the codes. Estimates of actual deflections are availablewithin the rigorous spreadsheets.

Rigorous spreadsheets

Deflection can be the governing criterion of many designs. Thesespreadsheets allow the estimation of deflection to BS 8110 Parts1 and 2 or Eurocode 2 Part 1-1. Rather than just check span-to-effective depth ratios, the spreadsheets calculate deflections at1/20 the spans using vigorous methods.

The Eurocode 2 spreadsheets follows methods described in TR58[30].

Column designColumn design is presented in, essentially, two different ways;either an amount of reinforcement is determined or the capacityof a section is checked two valid design approaches.

Under RCC11 Element Design.xls (or RCC11.xls for short) orTCC11, the amount of reinforcement is calculated by iterating tofind the neutral axis depth in order to solve two simultaneousequations.

Under RCC52.xls for single axis bending and RCC53.xls for twoaxis bending, N-M interaction charts are derived from presumedreinforcement arrangements. Individual load cases are checkedagainst the capacity of the column with the various reinforcement

arrangements. TCC52 and TCC53 similarly.

RCC51.xls is set out so that the user may undertake a traditionalcolumn load take down, assess design moments and critical axisbefore calculating the amount of reinforcement required. TCC51.xlssimilarly.

RCC12.xls determines the capacity of an unsymmetricalreinforced column (or beam). TCC12.xls similarly.

Others

Other spreadsheets provide for the design of pad foundationscatering for one or two columns, punching shear, stairs (eitheras single flights and single landings or flights and landings as

in a stair core), small retaining walls and basement walls. Moredetail and further references are given within the spreadsheetsthemselves.

Terminology

As with all software, spreadsheets have their own jargon. The basicterminology for layout is shown on the screen dump below:

General Notes

Excel file name

Cell reference

Cell

Drop down menu barToolbars(use View/Toolbars toswitch on and off)

Formula bar

Scroll bar

Worksheet area

Sheet tabs

Spreadsheet terminology



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Sheet ArchitectureEach spreadsheet may contain several linked sheets (i.e. layersor pages) that deal with different aspects of design. The sheetsname on the sheet tab gives an indication of the content. Forthe more involved spreadsheets, individual sheets are devoted toa full explanation of the design (with references for educationaland validation purposes) or analysis, etc. and other sheets givean abridged version more in keeping with the requirementsof experienced practicing engineers. Further sheets maycontain analysis calculations, data for graphs and calculationof reinforcement weight. All spreadsheets have a Notes! sheetwhere disclaimers, status and revision histories relating to eachspreadsheet are incorporated (sheet names are differentiated bythe use of an appended exclamation mark).

Those sheets with names in capitals are intended for printingout as design calculations. Other sheets are available to viewin the spreadsheets. These may need to be printed for checkingpurposes and parts of them, such as simple design routines, maybe pasted into word-processed calculations.

Sheet tabs (from RCC 41.xls)

Sheet tabs

Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110 The Concrete Centre

Client Advisory Group Made by Date Page

Location Level 2, Beam on line 6 from B to E RMW 11-Apr-2006 35

SUBFRAME ANALYSIS to BS8110:2005 Checked Revision Job No

Originatedfrom RCC21.xls v3.0 onCD 2006TCC chg R68

LOCATION Supp orts from grid B to grid E

SPANSL (m) H (mm) bw (mm) hf (mm) Type bf (mm) LOADING PATTERN

SPAN 1 7.000 600 375 150 T 1355 min max

SPAN 2 12.000 600 375 150 T 2055 DEAD 1 1.4

SPAN 3 12.000 600 375 150 T 2055 IMPOSED 0 1.6

SPAN 4 6.000 600 375 150 T 1215SPAN 5 0

SPAN 6 0

SUPPORTSABOVE (m) H (mm) B (mm) End Cond BELOW (m) H (mm) B (mm) End Cond

Support 1 2.95 400 300 F 3.10 400 300 P

Support 2 3.00 400 300 P 3.10 300 300 P

Support 3 0.00 3.10 400 300 P

Support 4 K

Support 5 4.00 400 300 P 3.10 300 300 P

Support 6

Support 7

LOADING UDLs (kN/m) PLs (kN) Position (m)Dead Imposed Position Loaded Dead Imposed Position Loaded

Span 1 Load Load from left Length Span 4 Load Load from left LengthUDL 32.20 12.50 ~~~~~ ~~~~~ UDL 17.50 5.60 ~~~~~ ~~~~~

PL 1 ~~~~~ PL 1 24 6 2.000 ~~~~~

PL 2 ~~~~~ PL 2 5 18 4.500 ~~~~~

Part UDL Part UDL

Span 2 Span 5UDL 32.20 12.50 ~~~~~ ~~~~~ UDL ~~~~~ ~~~~~

PL 1 ~~~~~ PL 1 ~~~~~

PL 2 25 25 5.000 ~~~~~ PL 2 ~~~~~

Part UDL Part UDL

Span 3 Span 6UDL 24.42 8.65 ~~~~~ ~~~~~ UDL ~~~~~ ~~~~~

-

Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110 The Concrete Centre


Location Level 2, Beam on line 6, from B to E RMW 11-Apr-06 36

SUBFRAME ANALYSIS to BS8110:2005 Checked Revision Job No

Originated from RCC21.xls v3.0 on CD 2006 TCC chg - R68

BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAMS (kNm)

B Elastic Moments E B Redistributed Envelope E

SUPPORT No 1 2 3 4 5

Elastic M 95.3 743.3 868.6 427.6 34.3 ~ kNmRedistributed M 90.5 557.5 694.9 406.2 32.6 ~ kNm

b 0.950 0.750 0.800 0.950 0.950 ~ ~

Redistribution 5.0% 25.0% 20.0% 5.0% 5.0%

SPAN No 1 2 3 4Elastic M 185.0 633.1 400.1 121.4 ~ ~

Redistributed M 152.1 746.8 373.5 118.8 ~ ~

b 0.822 1.180 0.934 0.979 ~ ~SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAMS(kN)

B Elastic Shears E B Redistributed Shears E

SPAN No 1 2 3

Elastic V 191.0 312.6 435.6 432.2 356.9 282.0Redistributed V 177.7 302.0 422.8 433.2 345.1 273.7

Based on support

moments ofmin(bM, Malt/b)

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Typical spreadsheet screens

The spreadsheets are intended to be as consistent as possible.Generally, upper sheets consist of calculations, notes andworkings as illustrated in the examples below, which gives anindication of the contents of a typical spreadsheet. The first sheetconsists of input, followed by results of analysis, design, weightof reinforcement, analysis, detailed design with references, graphdata and finally a revision history.

ACTIONS! sheetMain graphical output of Bending Moment Diagrams, Shear ForceDiagrams. Also input for redistribution percentages.

MAIN! sheet

Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110


Location D&D: Main Beam, from grid C to H rmw Apr-2006 59RIGOROUS CONTINUOUS BEAMS to BS 8110:2005 Checked Revision Job No

OriginatedfromRCC41R.xlsv3.0 onCD 2006TCC chg - R68

SPAN 3 LEFT CENTRE RIGHTACTIONS M kNm 208.9 192.7 206.6

b 1.00 0.99 0.86

DESIGN d mm 327.5 322.5 327.5

As mm 1860 1447 1799

As' mm 286 0 357

TOP STEEL Layer 1 4 H 25 2 H 16 4 H 25Layer 2 0 0 0As prov mm 1963 As' prov 402 As prov 1963

BTM STEEL Layer 1 3 H 16 3 H 25 3 H 16Layer 2 0 0 0As' prov mm 603 As prov 1473 As' prov 603

DEFLECTION Permanent = 1 3.00 < 24.00 Imposed = 5 .77 < 12.00 Precamber (mm) = 0mm Affecting partitions = 15.56 < 17.14 ok Increase btm As by 0%

SHEAR V kN 222.2 Link V 215.8

v N/mm 2.262 10 v 2.197

vc N/mm 0.743 Nominal vc 0.743

LINKS H10 @ 125 for 1875 H10 @ 225 H10 @ 150 for 1800legs No 2 2 2

CHECKS % As ok ok ok Cover ok ok ok min S ok ok ok Links

Main bars

max V ok ok Crack width ok 0.233 ok 0.300 ok 0.266

SPAN 4 LEFT CENTRE RIGHTACTIONS M kNm 209.9 169.7 57.3

b 0.85 0.98 1.00

DESIGN d mm 327.5 325.0 332.0

As mm 1819 1264 421As' mm 403 0 0

TOP STEEL Layer 1 4 H 25 3 H 16 3 H 16

ok

ok

ok

ok

ok

ok

The Concrete Centre

SPANS! sheetThis sheet shows the design of the left, centre and right handside of each span. Input is needed for the diameter of bars andnumber of legs of links required. Extraneous spans are blankedout.



13/308

7

Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110Client Advisory Group Made by Date Page

Location 3rd Floor slab, from 1 to 5a rmw Apr-2006 /47

RIBBED SLABS to BS 8110:2005 (Analysis & Design) Checked Revision Job No

Or ig i na ted f rom RCC32. x lsv3 .0 onCD 20 06T CC chg - R68

APPROXIMATE WEIGHT of REINFORCEMENT

TOP STEEL No Type Dia Length Unit Wt Weight Support 1 2 H 12 1025 0.888 1.8

5 H 8 1025 0.395 2.0

Span 1 1 H 16 2225 1.578 3.5

Support 2 2 H 20 2250 2.466 11.1

4 H 8 2250 0.395 3.6

Span 2 4 H 12 4425 0.888 15.7

Support 3 2 H 20 3625 2.466 17.9

4 H 8 3625 0.395 5.7

Span 3 3 H 12 4675 0.888 12.5

Support 4 2 H 20 2400 2.466 11.8

4 H 8 2400 0.395 3.8

BOTTOM STEEL Support 1 1 H 16 1150 1.578 1.8

Span 1 1 H 20 400 2.466 1.0

Support 2 1 H 16 3475 1.578 5.5

Span 2 2 H 25 4750 3.853 36.6

Support 3 2 H 16 3475 1.578 11.0

Span 3 2 H 25 5900 3.853 45.5

Support 4 3 H 16 1725 1.578 8.2

12.92 202.3

The Concrete Centre

WEIGHT! sheetCalculates the theoretical weight of reinforcement required.

Project Spreadsheetsto BS8110Location Level2,Beamon line6 ANALYSISI

SUBFRAMEANALYSIStoBS8110:2005

Or iginatedfromRCC21.xlsv3 .0onCD 2006TCC

ANALYSISMin load 1 .0 xd ea d loa dLive load 0. 4 x de ad lo ad + 1. 6 x imp os ed lo ad ( Tabl e2 .1)

Distribution FactorsSUPT 1 SUPT 2 SUPT 3

Up col Lo col R L Up col Lo col R L Up col Lo col R

A w 225000 225000 225000 225000 225000

A f 147000 147000 252000 252000 252000

X bar 211.08871 211.08871 181.132075 181.132075 181.13I 1 .6 E+ 09 1 .6 E+ 09 1 .1 52 7E +1 0 1 . 15 27 E+ 10 1 .6 E+ 09 67 5 00 00 00 1 .3 24 E+ 10 1 .3 24 E+ 10 0 1 .6 E+ 09 1 E + 10Stiffness 5 4 23 728 8 1 38 7096 774 16 4 66 798 6 8 1 6 46 6 798 68 40 00 0 00 0 0 1 6 33 0 64 5 2 1 1 03 3 490 57 1 1 03 3 490 57 0 3 8 70 96774 1 E +0 9Sum 2576149523 3.E+09 3.E+09

Factor 0 .2 10 5 0 .1 50 3 0 .6 39 2 0 .4 97 0 0 .1 20 7 0 . 04 93 0 .3 33 0 0 .4 25 4 0 .0 00 0 0 .1 49 2 0 .4 25 4

SUPT 4 SUPT 5 SUPT 6

L Up col Lo col R L Up col Lo col R L Up col Lo col R

A w 225000 225000 225000 0 0 0

A f 252000 126000 126000 0 0 0

X bar 181.132075 219.230769 219.230769 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

I 1. 32 4E+ 10 0 0 1. 107 5E+ 10 1 .1 07 5E+ 10 1 .6E +09 6 75 000 000 #D IV/ 0! # DI V/ 0! 0 0 # DI V/ 0!

Stiffness 110334905 7 0 0 1845865 385 1845 865 385 300000000 16330645 2 0 0 0 0 0

Sum 3.E+09 2.E+09 0.E+00

Factor 0 .3 74 1 0 .0 00 0 0 . 00 00 0 .6 25 9 0 .7 99 4 0 .1 29 9 0 .0 70 7 0 .0 00 0 1 .0 00 0 0 .0 00 0 0 .0 00 0 0 .0 00 0

SUPT 7

L Up col Lo col

A w 0 Partial UDLfactorsA f 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

X bar #DIV/0! a 0 0 0.2 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!I #DIV/0! 0 0 b 0 0 0.225 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Stiffness 0 0 0

Sum 0.E+00

Factor 0 .0000 0 .0000 0 .0000

FixedEnd MomentsSPAN 1 SPAN 2 SPAN 3 SPAN 4 SPAN 5 SPAN 6

Min load L R L R L R L R L R L R

Cant 788.90 2443.40 1806.84 385.50 0.00 0.00UDL 13 1. 48 13 1. 48 3 86 .40 386 .40 2 93 .0 4 2 93 .04 5 2. 50 5 2. 50 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0 .00PL 1 0. 00 0. 00 0 .00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 2 1. 33 10. 67 #D IV /0! # DI V/ 0! # DI V/ 0! # DI V/0 !

PL 2 0. 00 0. 00 42 .5 3 30. 38 0. 00 0. 00 1 .41 4.2 2 #D IV /0! # DI V/ 0! # DI V/ 0! # DI V/0 !part UDL 0. 00 0. 00 0 .00 0. 00 28 .2 4 8. 71 0 .00 0.0 0 #D IV /0! #D IV /0! # DI V/ 0! # DI V/0 !FEM 13 1. 48 13 1. 48 4 28. 93 416 .7 8 32 1. 28 3 01. 75 7 5. 24 67 .3 9 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0 .00

Live load

Cant 805.56 2617.36 1765.87 464.28 0.00 0.00UDL 1 34 .2 6 1 34 .2 6 3 94 .5 6 3 9 4. 56 2 83 .3 0 2 83 .3 0 4 7 .8 8 4 7. 88 0 .0 0 0 .0 0 0 .0 0 0 .0 0

PL 1 0. 00 0. 00 0 .00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 1 7. 07 8.5 3 #D IV /0! # DI V/ 0! # DI V/ 0! # DI V/0 !PL 2 0. 00 0. 00 8 5.0 7 60. 76 0. 00 0. 00 8 .6 6 25 .9 9 #D IV /0! #D IV /0! # DI V/ 0! # DI V/0 !part UDL 0. 00 0. 00 0 .00 0. 00 38 .40 11 .8 4 0 .00 0.0 0 #D IV /0! # DI V/ 0! # DI V/ 0! # DI V/0 !

FEM 13 4. 26 1 34. 26 4 79 .63 45 5.3 2 32 1. 70 2 95 .14 7 3. 61 82. 40 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0 .00

MomentDistribution

HiCol SUPT 1 LoCol HiCol SUPT 2 LoCol HiCol SUPT 3 LoCol HiColMin load -131.48 131.48 -428.93 416.78 -321.28

2 7. 68 84. 04 1 9. 76 35 .9 1 147 .83 9 9.05 1 4.6 6 0.0 0 -40. 63 -40. 63 -1 4.2 5 0 .00

73.91 42.02 -20.31 49.53 -42.37

-15.56 -47.25 -11.11 -2.62 -10.79 -7.23 -1.07 -3.04 -3.04 -1.07 -5.39 -23.62 -1.52 -3.61 8.84

1.14 3.45 0.81 3.04 12.50 8.37 1.24 -2.22 -2.22 -0.78

6.25 1.72 -1.11 4.19 -5.01-1.32 -3.99 -0.94 -0.07 -0.30 -0.20 -0.03 0.35 0.35 0.12

-0.15 -2.00 0.18 -0.10 1.31

0.03 0.10 0.02 0.22 0.90 0.61 0.09 -0.52 -0.52 -0.180.45 0.05 -0.26 0.30 -0.66

-0.10 -0.29 -0.07 0.03 0.10 0.07 0.01 0.15 0.15 0.05

0.05 -0.14 0.08 0.03 0.21-0.01 -0.03 -0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.00 -0.11 -0.11 -0.04

Sum 11 .87 -2 0. 34 8 .47 36 .5 0 2 99 .79 - 35 1. 20 1 4.9 0 421 .1 1 -404. 97 -1 6. 14

REINFORCEMENT DESIGN SPAN 1 Spa n = 7 .5 00 m BS8110Top Steel Ref

LEFT SPAN RIGHT 0.25LTotal Design M kNm 92.8 319.9 328.5 58.8

b 1.000 1.077 0.800 1.000 3.4.4.3

Be mm 625 2175 Fig3.13

Mt max kNm 176.6 614.5 3.7.4.2

MIDDLE STRIPb mm 3425 1875 1875 1875 Fig3.12

M kNm 1.8 144.0 82.1 20.6 Table3.18

Bar dia mm 12 20 16 12

d mm 219.0 215.0 217.0 219.0

K' 0.156 0.156 0.132 0.156 3.4.4.4

K 0.0003 0.0415 0.0233 0.0057 3.4.4.4

z mm 208.1 204.3 206.2 208.1 3.4.4.4

As mm/m 6 865 489 121 3.4.4.4

As enhancement deflectioncontrol 47.52% 0.00%

As final mm/m 325 1276 489 325 3.12.5.3

S mm 325 225 400 325

Clause b ? No Yes No No 3.12.11.2.7

S max mm 657 ok 378 ok 651 ok 657 ok 3.12.11.2.7

As prov mm/m 348 1396 503 348

= % % 0.159 0.649 0.232 0.159

fs N/mm 5.7 191.7 405.1 116.2 Eqn8

Deflection Base ratio 26 k tens 1.478 k comp 1.050 Allowed 36.335 > 34.88

COLUMN STRIPb mm 625 2175 2175 2175 Fig3.12

M kNm 92.8 176.0 246.4 38.2 Table3.18

Bar dia mm 16 20 16 12

d mm 217.0 215.0 217.0 219.0

K' 0.156 0.156 0.132 0.156 3.4.4.4

K 0.0789 0.0438 0.0601 0.0092 3.4.4.4

z mm 195.9 204.0 201.4 208.1 3.4.4.4

As mm/m 1743 912 1294 194 3.4.4.4As enhancement deflectioncontrol 54.36% 0.00%

As final mm/m 1743 1408 1294 325 3.12.5.3

S mm 100 200 100 325

Clause b ? Yes Yes Yes No 3.12.11.2.7

S max mm 175 ok 358 ok 189 ok 657 ok 3.12.11.2.7As prov mm/m 2011 1571 1508 348

= % % 0.927 0.731 0.695 0.159

fs N/mm 289.0 179.7 357.5 186.0 Eqn8

Deflection Base ratio 26 k tens 1.485 k comp 1.050 Allowed 36.489 > 34.88

BAR! sheetThis sheet shows the design of the distribution concrete section indetail and gives references to the appropriate clause numbers inBS 8110. The designs for Spans 2,3 etc follow on.

ANALYSIS! sheetThis sheet shows calculations carried out using momentdistribution.

General notes

Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110Location Level 2, Beam on line 6 GRAPH DATA I

SUBFRAMEANALYSIS toBS8110:2005

Originatedfrom RCC21.xlsv3.0 onCD 2006 TCC

LOADING DIAGRAM 26BEAM 0 37

0 0

SUPPORTS 0 0 7 7 19 19 31 31 37 37 37 37 -80.7 76.8 -80.7 78.1 -80.7 0 -26 0 -80.7 104 -26 26

D UDL 0 0 7 7 7 19 19 19 31 31 31 37 37 37 37 37 37 30 32.2 32.2 0 32.2 32.2 0 24.4 24.4 0 17.5 17.5 0 0 0 0 0

L U DL 32.2 44.7 44.7 32.2 44.7 44.7 32.2 33.1 33.1 24.4 23.1 23.1 17.5 0 0 0 0

D PUDL 0 0 0 0 7 7 7 7 20.5 20.5 2 2.9 2 2.9 31 31 344.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 33.1 40.6 40.6 33.1 23.1 23.1 2

L PUDL 44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 33.1 37.6 37.6 33.1 23.1 23.1 2PL 1 0 0 7 7 19 19 33 33 37 37 37 37

44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 33.1 33.1 23.1 47.1 0 0 0 044.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 33.1 33.1 47.1 53.1 0 0 0 0

PL 2 0 0 12 12 19 19 35.5 35.5 37 37 37 37 44.7 44.7 44.7 69.7 33.1 33.1 23.1 28.1 0 0 0 044.7 44.7 69.7 94.7 33.1 33.1 28.1 46.1 0 0 0 0

MOMENT DIAGRAMSSPAN 1

X 0 0 0.35 0.7 1.05 1.4 1.75 2.1 2.45 2.8 3.15 3.5 3.85 4.2 4.55 4.9 5.25 5M(e) all 0 36 -10 -48.1 -78.2 -100 -115 -121 -119 -109 -91.5 -65.8 -32.1 9.57 59.2 117 182 2

M(e) odd 0 95.3 32.4 -22.5 -69.4 -108 -139 -162 -177 -184 -183 -175 -158 -133 -100 -59.3 -10.6 4M(e) even 0 -39 -45.7 -48.4 -47.2 -42 -32.9 -19.9 -2.93 18 42.9 71.7 104 141 182 226 275 3

Beam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0M(r) all 0 37.8 -11.9 -53.7 -87.5 -113 -131 -141 -143 -137 -123 -101 -71 -33.1 12.9 66.7 129 19

M(r) odd 0 90.5 32.3 -17.9 -60.2 -94.5 -121 -139 -150 -152 -146 -133 -111 -81.9 -44.5 0.96 54.4 11M(r) even 0 -40.9 -48.5 -52.1 -51.7 -47.5 -39.2 -27.1 -10.9 9.11 33.1 61.1 93 129 169 212 260 370%max 0 66.7 22.7 -15.7 -33 -29.4 -23.1 -13.9 -2.05 12.6 30 50.2 73.1 98.8 127 158 192 270%min 0 -27.3 -32 -33.9 -54.8 -75.8 -97.5 -114 -124 -129 -128 -122 -110 -93 -70.1 -41.5 -7.41 3

Lower bound 0 -40.9 -48.5 -53.7 -87.5 -113 -131 -141 -150 -152 -146 -133 -111 -93 -70.1 -41.5 -7.41Upper bound 0 90.5 32.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 12.6 33.1 61.1 93 129 169 212 260 3

Beam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SPAN 2Local X 0 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 3 3.6 4.2 4.8 5.4 6 6.6 7.2 7.8 8.4 9 9

X 7 7.6 8.2 8.8 9.4 10 10.6 11.2 11.8 12.4 13 13.6 14.2 14.8 15.4 16 1M(e) all 743 501 282 85.9 -86.4 -235 -361 -463 -541 -566 -553 -516 -456 -373 -266 -135 1

M(e) odd 354 245 149 63.5 -10 -71.9 -122 -161 -188 -194 -183 -160 -126 -80.1 -22.7 46.3 1M(e) even 741 491 265 62.2 -117 -273 -406 -515 -600 -632 -626 -597 -543 -467 -367 -244 -9

Beam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0M(r) all 557 316 97 -98.1 -270 -418 -543 -644 -722 -747 -733 -695 -635 -550 -443 -312 -1

M(r) odd 442 335 240 156 83.3 22.6 -26.5 -64 -89.9 -94.3 -82 -58.2 -22.7 24.3 82.9 153 2M(r) even 557 316 97 -98.1 -270 -418 -543 -644 -722 -747 -733 -695 -635 -550 -443 -312 -170%max 520 351 197 60.1 -7.01 -50.4 -85.6 -113 -132 -136 -128 -112 -88.1 -56.1 -15.9 32.4 870%min 248 172 104 43.6 -82 -191 -284 -360 -420 -443 -438 -418 -380 -327 -257 -171 -6

Lower bound 0 0 0 -98.1 -270 -418 -543 -644 -722 -747 -733 -695 -635 -550 -443 -312 -1Upper bound 557 351 240 156 83.3 22.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24.3 82.9 153 2

Beam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SPAN 3

GRAF! sheetData for graphs used in charts.



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8

NOTES! sheet

Disclaimers, status and revision history of the spreadsheet.

Discaimer

Statusof spreadsheet

Publicrelease version.

Revsonhstory

RCC11 Eement Desgnxls

Date Version Action Size (kB)1 5- Fe b- 06 R CC 11 v 3. 1 D if fe re nt ia ti on b e tw ee n f la t s la bs a nd o th er s la bs o n S LA B pa ge . 3 31

20 -O ct- 05 RCC1 1 v3 .0 U pd ate dt o200 5v er sio ns of B S81 10 & B S86 66 31 7

0 3- Fe b- 04 R CC 11 v 2. 2 M in or c or re ct io n to c e ll N 1 2 on " S LA B" (> changedto < ). 289

21-Jan-03 RCC11 v2.1 DETR logo replaced by DTI. 289

11-Oct-02 RCC11 v2.0 Version 2 enhancements 304

0 1- Oc t- 02 R CC 11 v 1. 7 C OL UM N: M in or m od s to N 37 :U 37 ; Ch ar t at U 2 re ac ti va te d. 2 84

22-Jun-01 RCC11 v1.6 Addition of input controls. 284

26-Jan-01 RCC11 v1.5 Addition of input controls. 283

05-Dec-00 RCC11 v1.4 SHEAR:K22 lateral link spacing corrected. 189

24-Nov-00 RCC11 v 1 .3SHEAR:C19& C20 reformatted,andlateral linkspacingcheck added(C

Braidwood).185

30-May-00 RCC11 v 1 .2 RLawson commentsincorporated(crefsetc). 183

08-May-00 RCC11 v 1 .1

RevisionstoTEE~BEAM. Optionof requiredcompressionrebar added.

Neutralaxis, x allowedbelowflange soffite -IStructE'Greenbook' method

followedwhere flangesoutside bwhave z= d-hf/2,and bwacts asbeam.

182

03-Aug-99 RCC11 v 1 .0Firstpublic release.

Includes versioncomments& chgmodsto COLUMN190

Alladvice orinformationfrom theBritish CementAssociationand/orReinforced ConcreteCouncilis intendedfor those

whowillevaluatethesignificanceandlimitationsof itscontentsandtakeresponsibilityforitsuseandapplication. No

liability(includingthatfor negligence)forany lossresultingfromsuchadviceor informationis acceptedby theBCA,

TCCor their subcontractors, suppliersor advisors. Usersshould notethatall TCCsoftwareand publicationsare

subjectto revisionfromtime totime and shouldtherefore ensure thattheyare in possessionof the latestversion.

Thisspreadsheetshould be usedin compliance withthe accompanyingpublication'Spreadsheetsfor concrete designto

BS8110andEC2' availablefromTheConcreteCentre, RiversideHouse,4 MeadowsBusinessPark,StationApproach,

Blackwater,Camberley,Surrey GU17 9AB.

This spreadsheet is shareware. It may be distributed freely, but may not

be used for commercial purposes until the user has registered with the

RCC

Upper sheets

The calculations are intended to mimic hand-written calculationsas far as possible with a little more explanation by way ofreferences to codes and derivation of numbers than wouldusually be the case in normal submissions. Sheets intendedfor printing out are divided into three sections: calculations,operating instructions and workings. The output is intended to besufficient to allow detailing, although the designer should alwaysconsider and allow for rationalising reinforcement both withinand between elements. Input cells are in blue and are underlined(so they can be recognised in black and white printouts).

The cells under Operating Instructions to the right hand sidecontain help and error messages that are intended to help theuser with the correct operation of the spreadsheet. They also

contain variously checks, print boxes and combo-boxes, (seeHelp in Excel). Print buttons (buttons with macros assigned tothem) automatically print out the calculation sheets providingmacros that have not been switched off. Combo-boxes allowchoices between specified options.

To the right hand side of many spreadsheets are intermediatecalculations, data for graphs, etc. These workings are notconsidered vital to understanding the calculation; they maynonetheless be viewed and investigated. Workings may also becontained on supplementary sheets.

Other sheets

These sheets are not necessarily intended for printing out and

may not be understandable without reference to the printedcalculations. For instance, in the case of RCC52.xls Calcs!, the N-M relationship in a particular column is calculated for incrementsof neutral axis depth. Many iterations are required in order toconstruct the N-M graph. Therefore there are many calculationsand these are set out in tables. The volume of calculations makesit difficult to produce legible print-outs on a limited number ofsheets.

Notes!

The Notes! sheet shows the disclaimer, status and revisionhistory of each spreadsheet. The disclaimer and status should beread and understood. The revision history provides a record ofthe spreadsheet being used and may provide a basis for users

Quality Assurance procedures. The revision/ version and name ofthe spreadsheet should appear on all print-outs. This example istaken from RCC52.xls Notes!

Typical Upper sheet

Concurrent software being usedCombo-box(Used for automated choices)



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9

General notes

Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110Location Columns at A1, A2 etc

COLUMN CHART FOR SYMMETRICALLY REINFORCED RECTANGULAR COLUMNS BENT ABOUT THE X-X AXIS TO BS 8110:2005

Originated from 'RCC52.xls' v3.0 on CD 2006 TCC

.67fcu/m = 13.40 N/mm ALL CALCULATIONS DERIVED FROM 0.00 408.42

fy/m = 434.78 N/mm FIGURE 3.3 AND CLAUSE 3.4.4.1 480.00 480.00

net fy/m = 421.38 N/mm

32 Bar diameter d' = 54 mm d = 346 mm As c = 482 5. 5 mm

N=0 quadratic a = 4824.000 b = ######## c = -9.E+07

n max = 913.2 Interval = 5.497 (24 intervals between N=0 and Nbal)

N = 0 (solve for zero N)

n Neutral axis 88.26 93.76 99.25 104.75 110.25 115.74 121.24 126.74 132.23 137.73 143.23 148.72

Fc Conc comp force 425764 452281 478797 505313 531830 558346 584862 611379 637895 664412 690928 717444

c strain Steel comp strain 0.00136 0.00148 0.00160 0.00170 0.00179 0.00187 0.00194 0.00201 0.00207 0.00213 0.00218 0.00223

t strain Steel tens strain 0.01022 0.00942 0.00870 0.00806 0.00748 0.00696 0.00649 0.00606 0.00566 0.00529 0.00496 0.00464

fsc Steel comp stress 258.32 283.43 305.76 325.74 343.73 360.02 374.82 388.34 400.74 412.15 421.38 421.38

fst Steel tens stress 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8

Fsc Steel comp force 623255 683837 737709 785928 829338 868625 904349 936975 966888 994414 1016688 1016688

Fst Steel tens force 1049019 1049019 1049019 1049019 1049019 1049019 1049019 1049019 1049019 1049019 1049019 1049019

z Conc lever arm 306.28 303.81 301.34 298.86 296.39 293.92 291.44 288.97 286.49 284.02 281.55 279.07

N Fc + Fsc - Fst 0.00 87.10 167.49 242.22 312.15 377.95 440.19 499.34 555.76 609.81 658.60 685.11

M M O R 312.39 324.37 335.24 345.15 354.22 362.56 370.26 377.36 383.94 390.04 395.25 397.07

Labels for chart

N diff 87.10 80.39 74.73 69.93 65.80 62.24 59.14 56.43 54.04 48.79 26.52 26.52

M diff 11.98 10.87 9.91 9.08 8.34 7.69 7.11 6.58 6.10 5.20 1.82 1.69

25 Bar diameterd' = 50.5 mm d = 349.5 mm As c = 2 945 .2 mm

N=0 quadratic a = 4824.000 b = 370831.72 c = -5.E+07

n max = 922.5 Interval = 6.253 (24 intervals between N=0 and Nbal)

Example of an other sheet

Notes! sheet

Disclaimer

Status of spreadsheet

Public release version.

Revision history

RCC11 Element Design.xls

Date Version Action Size (kB)15 -F eb -0 6 R CC1 1 v3 .1 Di ffer ent ia ti on be twe en fla t sl ab s a nd ot he r s la bs on SL AB page . 331

20-Oct-05 RCC11 v3.0 Updated to 2005 versions of BS8110 & BS8666 317

0 3-F eb -0 4 R CC 11 v2 .2 Mi nor cor re ct ion to ce ll N12 on "S LA B" (> changed to < ). 289

21-Jan-03 RCC11 v2.1 DETR logo replaced by DTI. 289

11-Oct-02 RCC11 v2.0 Version 2 enhancements 304

01-Oct-02 RCC11 v1.7 COLUMN: Minor mods to N37:U37; Chart at U2 reactivated. 284

22-Jun-01 RCC11 v1.6 Addition of input controls. 284

26-Jan-01 RCC11 v1.5 Addition of input controls. 283

05-Dec-00 RCC11 v1.4 SHEAR:K22 lateral link spacing corrected. 189

2 4- No v- 00 RCC 11 v 1.3SHEAR:C19 & C20 reformatted, and lateral link spacing check added (C

Braidwood).185

30-May-00 RCC11 v 1.2 R Lawson comments incorporated ( c refs etc). 183

0 8- Ma y- 00 RCC 11 v 1. 1Revisions to TEE~BEAM. Option of required compression rebar added.

Neutral axis, x allowed below flange soffite - IStructE 'Green book' methodfollowed where flanges outside bw have z = d-hf/2, and bw acts as beam.

182

03-Aug-99 RCC11 v 1.0First public release.

Includes version comments & chg mods to COLUMN 190

Alladviceor information from the British Cement Associationand/orReinforced Concrete Council is intended forthosewho willevaluate the significance andlimitationsof its contentsand takeresponsibilityfor its use and application. Noliability( includingthat for negligence) for any loss resultingfrom such advice or informationis accepted by the BCA,TCC or their subcontractors, suppliers or advisors. Users should note that all TCC software and publications aresubject to revision from time to time and should therefore ensure that they are in possession of the latest version.

This spreadsheet should be used in compliance with the accompanyingpublication 'Spreadsheets for concrete design toBS 8110 andEC2' available from TheConcrete Centre, RiversideHouse, 4 Meadows Business Park, Station Approach,Blackwater, Camberley, Surrey GU17 9AB.

This spreadsheet is shareware. It may be distributed freely, but may notbe used for commercial purposes until the user has registered with the



16/308

10

Frequently Asked Questions

Macros

When loading the individual spreadsheets, Excel may warn aboutthe presence of macros. All the macros provided in the files areeither to allow automated printing of the calculations or toprovide choices by way of combo-boxes. The printing macroshave been assigned to buttons. Turning the macros off may affectthe actual function of the spreadsheets but will certainly make

printing of the sheets as configured more difficult and make thechoice of options very much more difficult.

Fonts

Unless the appropriate fonts Tekton and Marker (supplied in theCD-ROM) have been installed by the user, the appearance onscreen will be different from that intended. These upright fontshave been used to emulate a designers handwriting and to allowadequate information to be shown across the page and in eachcell.

If problems are experienced it is most likely that the fonts on yourcomputer screen will have defaulted to the closest approximationof the fonts intended (e.g. the toolbar may say Tekton but a

default font such as Arial will have been used). The spreadsheetswill work but not as intended ends of words may be missing,numbers may not fit cells resulting in a series of hashes, #####.Column width and cell overlap problems only occur when thecorrect fonts are not loaded.

It is strongly recommended that the Tekton and Marker fonts arecopied into your computers font library. The Freewave fonts maybe found in the Fonts folder on the CD-ROM.

They may be copied in the following manner, either:

Start/Settings/Control Panel/Fonts/ File/ Add Fonts and whenasked copy fonts to system directory? answer yes.

or

Through Microsoft Explorer and copying (or dragging)

the font files into your font library, usually contained inWindows/ Set-up/ Fonts

Help

A printed copy of this User Guide is available from The ConcreteBookshop (07004 607777 or www.concretebookshop.com). TheUser Guide is also available as an Adobe Acrobat file UserGuidpdf, (on the CD-ROM). A copy of Adobe Acrobat Reader will berequired to read this file.

Help is also available at the following places:

Within Excel under Help

to the right hand side of the spreadsheets, cells underOperating Instructionscontain help and error messages.

Queries may be e-mailed to [email protected] will be given to those who have registered.

Support

E-mailed questions, comments, developments and suggestionsare welcomed. Send them to [email protected] will be given to those who are registered, as detailed

above.

Shareware

These spreadsheets are offered as shareware. This can beconsidered a try before you buy system where you are expectedto pay the program owners a registration fee if you find theprogram useful or if the programs are used for commercialuse. In general you may pass on copies of shareware programsto colleagues within the UK, although commercial (for a fee)distribution requires special written permission from thepublisher.

Availability/registration

The RC Spreadsheets are made available as shareware from TheConcrete Centre see www.concretecentre.com/rcspreadsheets.However, the spreadsheets may not be used for commercialpurposes until the user has purchased and validated a licence.

Licences may be purchased from The Concrete Bookshop(www.concretebookshop.com, Tel +44 (0)7004-607777) or viaThe Concrete Centre website. Licences may be validated viawww.concretecentre.com/rcspreadsheets. The purchase priceincludes

Permission to use the spreadsheets for commercial purposesfor at least one year

A hard copy of this publication, User Guide to RCSpreadsheets: v3

CD-ROM containing RC Spreadsheets: v3, together withAdmin files, which themselves contain fonts, issue sheets,user guide files etc.

Occasional e-mails to inform them of any revisionsorchanges to the spreadsheets or other relevant information

Details of how to download updates of the spreadsheets

Preferential treatment with regard to support

Further information, updates, FAQs, free trial download versionsof some spreadsheets, latest news and other information onthe RC-Spreadsheet suite is available on www.concretecentre.com/rcspreadsheets

Using the spreadsheets



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General notes

Overseas useThe spreadsheets have been developed and maintained for usewithin the UK. The Concrete Centre reserves the right to passdetails of non-UK registrants to any future owner of the non-UKcopyright or overseas distributor of the spreadsheets.

Updates

It is intended that The Concrete Centres website will includeupdated versions of the spreadsheets. Registrants will be providedwith information on how to download updates.

Using the spreadsheets for thefirst time

Base versions

Initially, always start from the base versions on the CD-ROM. If indoubt, go back to the version on the CD-ROM. These safeguardsare to avoid using corrupted or bespoke files. Eventually, familiaritywith the spreadsheets and Quality Assurance procedures mayovertake this basic precaution.

Please note that whilst all spreadsheet cells, apart from inputcells, are covered by nominal protection, it is possible to changethe contents of cells. Original versions are available on CD-ROMor from The Concrete Centres website www.concretecentre.com.

Also, please note conditions of use and disclaimers associatedwith the use of the spreadsheets contained within the sheettitled Notes! and elsewhere in this User guide.

Excel

The spreadsheets are normal Excel files. Excel ( MicrosoftCorporation) is a standalone package or may be included as partof the Microsoft Office package on PCs or Macs. The files arecompatible with Excel 2002, part of Office 2002, and are likelyto be compatible with future versions of Excel. Those not familiarwith Excel are directed to the Help functions within Excel andrelevant literature available at book and computer shops.

Please note that the spreadsheets will not necessarily work withprevious versions of Excel (e.g. 95, 5.x etc.) or other spreadsheetprograms. This is due to incompatibility between software andbackward incompatibility between versions. (To check whichversion of Excel you are running see sign-on screen, or Help/About Microsoft Excel). Those running Excel 2000 are advisedto use the Save As/ .xls function to avoid inordinately large filesizes.

Long file names

The base versions of the spreadsheets are saved with long filenames to aid familiarity with each spreadsheets purpose. Some

software and networks only recognise eight characters for a filename. In use, users may be requested by the system to allowabbreviated names, e.g. RCC11.xls .

As shorthand, the spreadsheets are generally referred to by theirnumber rather than their name in full, i.e. RCC11.xls is used asshorthand for RCC11 Element Design.xls.

Loading a spreadsheet for the first time

Under Windows 98, NT, 2000, 2002 or XP insert the spreadsheetCD-ROM into the CD drive (drive D: assumed).

A spreadsheet can be loaded using one of the followingmethods:

Your computer may automatically present a view of the filesavailable on the CD-ROM in which case double click themouse pointer on the spreadsheet of your choice, e.g.MENU.xls//. If not already loaded and presuming it i s available, Excelwill boot up and load up with MENU.xls ready for operation.Excel will most probably warn about macros before loadingthe spreadsheet fully. In order to proceed, enable macros (seebelow).

Otherwise

From My Computer, double click(//) on My Computer, doubleclick on D (assumed CD drive) //double click on spreadsheet ofones choice //.

Successively click Start/ Programs/ Microsoft Explorer/ double

click mouse on CD Drive (D)//. Double click the mouse pointeron the spreadsheet of your choice, e.g.Menu.xls//. If notalready loaded and available, Excel will boot up and load upwith Menu.xls.

Successively click Start/ Programs/ Microsoft Excel. OnceExcel has booted up, click mouse pointer on File in top menubar/ click mouse on Open/ click mouse on the Look in boxand scroll through to the CD Drive

Click mouse on the CD Drive (D)//. Double click mouse on thespreadsheet of your choice, e.g. Menu.xls//.

The design spreadsheets may, if the user wishes, be loaded direct.In the above instructions replace MENU.xls with the name of thespreadsheet required. The advantages of using MENU.xls are

explained later.

No installation program per se is included. Under file managerssuch as Microsoft Explorer, the CD-ROM versions of thespreadsheets can be dragged and dropped into an appropriatefolder specified by the user. Alternatively, from within Excel, thespreadsheets can be loaded directly from the CD-ROM butshould users wish to save the modified spreadsheet, it has to besaved to an alternative drive.



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Default font sizeEven with the correct fonts installed, the appearance of the sheetsmight be different from those intended. This may be due to thedefault font size on the users computer being different from thefont size 12 used in the development of the spreadsheets. Forinstance if the users default font size is 10, pages will appear andprint narrower than intended (as unformatted cells will revert toa narrower cell width than intended).

Please ensure that the default font size is set at 12. (In Excel checkTools/ Options/ General/ Standard font and size). If standard fontor size is changed it will become effective only after rebootingExcel. While the spreadsheets were developed using Tekton 12,many True Type font size 12 (e.g. Arial or preferably Times New

Roman 12) may give adequate presentation. If a series of hashes(#####) still appears, it may be necessary to resize the columnwidth.

Screen view

The spreadsheets have been developed assuming that part, if notthe whole, of the Operating Instructions column is in view. Thiscolumn contains comments, instructions, checks, explanations,etc. and is important for the correct operation of the spreadsheets.Generally, a screen zoom of 75% has been used as a default sizeon the sheets. Occasionally, other zoom sizes have been used inorder to aid comprehension.

Screen resolution

The spreadsheets have been developed in 1024 x 768 resolution,so that their appearance will be acceptable between SVGA (800x 600) and 1280 x 1024.

They will obviously work in VGA (600 x 480), but higherresolutions are recommended.

Input

In the spreadsheets, input data is blue and underlined. New datamay be input by overwriting default values or by entering valuesin greyed-out cells. Entering data in far-left greyed-out cellsmay also remove the grey conditional background to other cells,which will then require data entry. Some input cells refer back to

data on previous sheets within a workbook. These are colouredmagenta, but change back to blue if other data is entered.

Do not copy and paste input from one cell to another as thismay cause formatting and other errors. Do not use Space,Enter (the space equals text).If similar input is required in othercells then use = cell reference with caution, e.g. = B16 in theappropriate input cell.

All non-input cells should have nominal protection and thecontents of these cells can only be overwritten if the user hastaken positive steps to overwrite original contents. In the pageheaders the Made by and Checked boxes should be completed

or cleared by using a blank or hyphen; clearing the cell completelywould produce 0 on subsequent sheets.

Values in red or red backgrounds

During operation, values in red or cells with red backgroundsflag either incorrect data to be changed or excess data to becleared (manually). Even a space as an entry might generate redbackgrounds.

If you make a mess of it, start again from the base version of thespreadsheet on the CD-ROM.

#DIV/0! (Divide by zero) errors

In some spreadsheets, #DIV/0! results may arise and be displayed.In sheets intended for printing out, #DIV/0! indicates an error inor invalid input. In sheets of workings, they have no relevance tothe validity of the sheet or the spreadsheet as a whole.

Please note that in many cases, but not all, a very small valuehas been used rather than zero in order to avoid #DIV/0! (divideby zero) problems in Excel, e.g. [RCC53.xls] Cases!B3:B8 where=IF(ERROR(G3),0.000001,G3) has been used.

PrintingThe sheets may be printed out in several ways:

Through the automated print buttons in the spreadsheets

(using these print macros will over-write print areas definedelsewhere)

Using the Print icon on Excels standard toolbar

Using File/ Print within Excel

Copying and pasting (special) parts of the spreadsheets toa word processor or other package. Pasting (special) into aword processor file as a bitmap produces a wysiwyg image.

Pasting as other formats will probably require somepre-copying formatting of the spreadsheet and/ or post-formatting of receiving cells.

Print areas may be defined by:

Highlighting area then clicking F ile/ Print Area/ Set Print Area

Clicking View/Page Break Preview and adjusting boundaries

to suit

Print previewing can be achieved using the Print Preview icon onthe standard toolbar.

Print formatting

Different hardware and software are configured in many differentways. This situation leads to many variations on the actual printfrom individual printers. Best results are likely to be obtainedfrom Windows printers but even these may not produce printingthat is identical to that intended. Some manipulation for printingwith your configuration may be inevitable.



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General notes

AutoCompleteExcels facility for AutoCompleting cells (e.g. entering T mightautoComplete to Type) can be a mixed blessing. In mostspreadsheets it should be turned off via Tools/ Options / Edit andclearing the Enable AutoCompletefor cell values box.

Continued use

Conditions of use: disclaimers

A fundamental condition of use that the user accepts responsibilityfor the input and output of the computer and how it is used.

Whilst the spreadsheets have been checked with all reasonablecare and diligence, they cannot be guaranteed for everyeventuality.

Users must satisfy themselves that the uses to which thespreadsheets are put are appropriate. Users must have read,understood and accepted the disclaimer contained on the insidefront cover of this publication (and repeated in the sheet namedNotes! in each spreadsheet).

Nominal protection

Users and managers should be aware that the spreadsheets canbe changed. Beyond nominal cell and sheet protection, the filesare open and can be changed.

There are several reasons for this:

The files can be customised by users to their own preferredmethods of presentation and design (e.g. deflections might becalculated to part 2 of BS 8110; individual firms or projectlogos might replace the The Concrete Centre logo).

The protection should stop inadvertent changes andcorruption of cells.

Developments and improvements can be made and fed backto The Concrete Centre. Such feedback is encouraged andallows a wider consensus to be gained.

Protection can always be overcome by determined users.

Fully protected files can hide cell contents .

Spreadsheet emulators are at present unsuitable for this

application.

Different designers want different facilities available to themand should not be restricted.

The spreadsheets are all protected but with no password, in otherwords users have to do something positive if they are to changeany formulae, and must therefore take responsibility for anydeliberate or accidental changes. The projects Advisory Groupheld this to be a sensible position.

Users and managers must address change control and versionsfor use. The Concrete Centre can only control the base versionsissued on CD-ROM (and web page). The published examples can

be used as record copies to help identify changes. Users QualityAssurance procedures may dictate the use of more sophisticatedprotection measures.

Development

The nominal protection within the spreadsheets may be over-ridden to allow customisation and individual development.Any development of the spreadsheets should be undertakenby experienced staff who have a good understanding of theproblems and pitfalls of both design and spreadsheets. It maytake an experienced engineer four or five times longer to preparea spreadsheet than it would to produce the equivalent manualcalculation. Robust, commercially acceptable spreadsheets maytake 50 times as long. They can take even longer to test, check

and correct. Only repetition of use makes the investment of timeworthwhile.

With relatively open files, designers are at liberty to alter thespreadsheets as they wish. However, they must satisfy themselvesthat any alterations are correct and do not interfere with anyother aspect of the spreadsheet in question and conform to anyQuality Assurance procedures.

Notwithstanding the above, copyright of the spreadsheetcontents remains with The Concrete Centre. Altered or amendedversions of the spreadsheets may not be sold or hired withoutthe written permission of the Centre. Please inform The ConcreteCentre of any major discrepancies found or improvementsmade.

Saving files/ file management

Many users save spreadsheets to a directory and/ or folder of theirchoice. This is particularly true where spreadsheets pertaining to aparticular project are saved to a folder given the projects name.

Linking spreadsheets

To avoid complications, links between different designspreadsheets have not been used. Nonetheless, for theexperienced user, linking provides a powerful tool. The resultsof one spreadsheet can be linked through to become the inputfor another, or project data can be auto-loaded. This minimisesthe amount of input required and at the same time reduces the

scope for error in data transfers. For example, the results of abeam analysis can be carried through to beam design. Any linkscreated by the user are at his or her discretion.

Assumptions made

During the course of development of these spreadsheets, anumber of structural and computing assumptions have beenmade. These are discussed below.



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Spreadsheetoptionnumber

Designsupportmoment

Design span moments

Support moment fromwhich span moment is calculated

Comments

0 bM bM Design span moments will probably be less than elastic moment(minimum of 70% of elastic moment).

This option may lead to a kinked bending moment diagram as the70% kicks-in in the spans.

In the case of thin sections such as slabs, consideration of spandeflection and service stress often leads to reinstatement of anyreinforcement theoretically saved.

1 bM Minimum of

bM and M

alt/

bDesign span moments might be less than elastic moment but lesslikely than with option 0.

Increasing the minimum support moment for the calculation ofspan moment from M

altto M

alt/

bis seen as a sensible compromise

between options 0 and 2.

2 bM Minimum of bM and Malt Design span moments cannot be less than elastic moment.

Most often used but, if, typically, 20% redistribution is specified atsupports, design span moments will increase by about 10% overelastic span moments.

Again, in thin sections, consideration of deflection and servicestress can limit additional amounts of reinforcement due toincreased span moment.

Where

b = (moment after redistribution)/(moment before redistribution)

= 100% - % redistribution requestedM = elastic moment at support, all spans loadedM

alt= maximum elastic Moment at support, alternate spans loaded

Table 1Redistribution options in spreadsheets with analysis

AsenhancementSeveral of the BS8110 spreadsheets contain automatic routinesthat increase A

sin order to reduce service stress f

sand therefore

increase modification factors in order to satisfy deflection checks.The A

s enhancement values are the percentages by which A

s

required for bending are increased in order to satisfy deflectioncriteria.

Redistribution

Those spreadsheets with analysis allow redistribution inaccordance with BS 8110: Part 1, Clause 3.2.2.1 or Eurocode 2Clause 5.5. The user may choose between three options. Theseoptions do not affect redistribution at supports but do determinehow span moments are calculated, as shown in Table 1.

Reinforcement densitiesSome spreadsheets give an indication of weight of reinforcementin the margin under Operating Instructions. These densitiesshould be used with great caution. Many factors can affect actualreinforcement quantities on specific projects. These includedifferent methods of analysis, non-rectangular layouts, largeholes, actual covers used, detailing preferences (curtailment, lapsand wastage), and the unforeseen complications that inevitablyoccur. As may be examined in the sheets entitled Weight,the densities given relate to simple rectangular layouts andthe authors interpretation of BS 8110. They make no specificallowance for wastage.

The densities assume that the areas or volumes of slabs are

measured gross, e.g. slabs are measured through beams. Beamreinforcement densities relate to web width multiplied by overalldepth.



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General notes

Rationalisation of reinforcementAlthough it may appear that many of the spreadsheets giveleast weight solutions (hence more bars, more work), theamounts of reinforcement derived are actually accurate (andnot necessarily rationalised). It is intended, therefore, that theamounts of reinforcement derived from the spreadsheet shouldbe considered as minimal.

The user should specify more rationalised reinforcement layoutsto the detailer. Rationalisation should be done manually therewould seem to be too many variables and personal preferencesto enable automatic rationalisation. A detailer can always closeup spacing and/ or reduce bar diameters if desired.

Most often the spreadsheets require bar size as input, rather thanbar spacing. This can lead to unusual, but correct, spacings. Wherebar diameter input is available, it may be worth investigatinglarger bars (at larger centres). For instance, in the design of a flatslab it would probably be preferable to use 4828 larger bars atgreater centres rather than 6840 smaller bars at small centres(weight is marginally different, 82.5 kg/m3 c.f. 80.8 kg/m3).This results in 30% fewer bars compared with 2% extra steel.Rationalised arrangements with least number of bars (withoutbreaking the spacing rules) and least number of bar marks arealways preferable. Eventually, it may be possible to automate thisprocess, but for the time being it is between the program user(i.e. the designer) and the detailer to decide how to rationalisebar arrangements. Any estimates of reinforcement must take thisprocess into account.

Other spreadsheets tend to size bars in such a way that minimumcentres (or clear spacings) are not exceeded.

It is assumed that issues of detail will be considered by theengineer and detailer. Issues such as radius of bottom bars andbeam bearings, space between bars in narrow beams, splicedbars at supports of beams, connection details, etc. need to beconsidered.

Definitions of imposed and live loads

For the BS8110 spreadsheets, imposed load is taken to be thecharacteristic imposed load input by the user. For floors thismight be the minimum imposed floor loads described in BS6399[19]Part 1 Table 1.

Live load is taken to be that part of the ultimate load that is notcharacteristic dead load (i.e. in BS8110 spreadsheets, live load= n - gk ).

(For the Eurocode 2 spreadsheets no such distinction is needed.Variable actions should be as described in BS EN 1991-1 [35]. Forpermanent actions,

Gis intended to be constant across all spans

and therefore not live.)

Analysis: cantilever deflections andsupport rotation

Support rotations are ignored. Support rotation cannot bedetermined except as part of a rigorous deflection analysis.Rotations cannot be easily derived from moment distribution,and in any case, gross section slopes are of little or no value. Itis assumed that BS 8110s or Eurocode 2s deemed-to-satisfy l/dchecks are adequate.

If support rotations are expected to be critical additional checksshould be undertaken.



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This spreadsheet acts as both menu program, allowing the user toload the spreadsheet they want to use, and as a version checker.It is intended to help the user designing a number of elements atone session and to help ensure that the most up to date versionsof the spreadsheets are in use. To work properly it must reside inthe same folder as the design spreadsheets themselves.

Depending upon the level of security you have set up on yourversion of Excel, you may be asked whether you wish macros torun; please answer Enable macros. Once Menu.xls is loaded,you may also be asked whether you want to update links. If you

wish the current version numbers in your folder to be displayedanswer Update.

Welcome!Welcome gives a quick introduction to the spreadsheets bycovering in outline:

Limitations & Assumptions System requirements

Disclaimer

Licence conditions

Instructions for Use

Basic Instructions

Macros

BS8110!

This sheet shows the spreadsheets available for the design ofelements to BS 8110. Adjacent to the title of each spreadsheet is abutton which may be clicked in order to load that spreadsheet.

Eurocode 2!

Similarly, this sheet highlights the spreadsheets available for thedesign of elements to Eurocode 2.

Adjacent to the title of each spreadsheet is a button that may beclicked in order to load that spreadsheet.

In due course further spreadsheets will be released and madeavailable.

Versions!

This sheet shows the version number of each spreadsheet in yourfolder.

Menu.xls

Welcome!

BS8110!

Eurocode 2!

Versions!



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Spreadsheets to BS 8110

Spreadsheets to BS 8110



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RCC11.xls includes sheets for designing:

Solid slabs,

Rectangular beams

T beams (and ribbed slabs) for bending

Beam shear an

Columns with axial load and bending about one axis

RCC11.xls designs elements to BS 8110: Part 1, 1997 includingAmd 3[2]. It is assumed that loads, moments, shears, etc. areavailable for input from hand calculations or analysis fromelsewhere. A governing criterion can be deflection; span-to-depth ratios are used as per BS 8110: Part 1, Clause 3.4.6.

SLAB!

This sheet allows for the design of a section of solid slab in asingle simply-supported span, in a continuous span, at supportsor in a cantilever. These choices have a bearing on deflectionlimitations and the user should choose the appropriate locationfrom the combo-box to the right hand side. The user mayalso choose to allow for no or nominal compression steel; thisagain affects deflection factors. To an extent the spreadsheetwill automatically increase reinforcement in order to lowerservice stresses and enhance allowable span to depth ratios. The

spreadsheet allows a certain amount of theoretical over-stress asdefined by the user in cell M7. Engineering judgement is requiredto ensure that any over-stress is acceptable and that specifiedreinforcement is sensibly rationalised.

Slight variances in reinforcement requirements may be found.These are due to the spreadsheet allowing marginal over-stressand allowing centres in increments of 25 mm.

RECT~BEAM!

This sheet designs rectangular beams. The location of the beammay be either in a single simply-supported span, in a continuousspan, at supports or in a cantilever. These choices have a

bearing on deflection limitations and the user should choosethe appropriate location from the combo-box to the right handside.

When considering span reinforcement, the spreadsheet will,where necessary, automatically increase reinforcement in orderto lower service stresses and enhance allowable span-to-depthratios. In checking deflection, the sheet entitled RECT~BEAM!includes two bars of the specified reinforcement diameter toderive a modification factor for compression reinforcement.The facility to specify additional compression reinforcement toenhance span-to-depth ratios is contained within TEE~BEAM!

TEE~BEAM!

TEE~BEAM! designs T beams and L beams in single simply-supported span, end span, internal span or cantilever locations.Again, these choices have a bearing on deflection limitationsand the user should choose the appropriate location from thecombo-box to the right hand side. With respect to the effectivewidth of the flange, the user may also choose that the section isconsidered as a tee- or inverted L beam.

A default value for the width of the flange bf is calculated anddisplayed as input. This cell may be overwritten if, for instance,say the user wishes to allow for openings, etc. The default iscalculated as being:

web width + 0.14 span for T beams, internal span web width + 0.16 span for T beams, end span web width + 0.07 span for L beams, internal span web width + 0.08 span for L beams, end span

In the determination of compression steel, where the neutralaxis lies below flange, the concrete in web, bw, below flange hasbeen ignored. This is seen as a valid alternative to the approachin Clause 3.4.4.5.

In order to calculate the appropriate deflection factor for

compression reinforcement, there is a facility to specifycompression reinforcement. When considering deflection, thespreadsheet will, where necessary, automatically increase spanreinforcement in order to lower service stresses and enhanceallowable span-to-depth ratios.

SHEAR!

This sheet checks beams or slabs for shear and calculates anyshear reinforcement required. It is hoped that the input is self-explanatory. Providing the applied load is fundamentally a UDL,or where the principal load is located further than 2d from theface of the support, BS 8110: Clause 3.4.5.10 allows shear to bechecked at d from the face of support.

Checks for maximum shear (either 5.0 N/mm2 or 0.8fc u 0.5 )are carried out automatically. In beams, the designed links willbe necessary for a distance from the support before reverting tonominal link arrangements. A maximum link spacing of 600 mmis used; this is seen as a sensible maximum.

Apart from punching shear, shear in slabs is rarely critical (seeRCC13.xls).




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COLUMN!This sheet designs symmetrical rectangular columns where bothaxial load, N, and maximum design moment, M

xare known

(see BS 8110: Part 1, Clauses 3.8.2, 3 and 4). It iterates x/h todetermine where the neutral axis lies. The sheet includes stressand strain diagrams to aid comprehension of the final design.

For simplicity, where three or more bars are req

Documents

BCA - RC Spreadsheet User Guide Version 3