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Assisted Reproductive Technologies There are different methods by which the infertile couple can attempt to have a baby. Most of these techniques include removing the egg cells from a woman's body, fertilizing them, and returning the embryos to the uterus. The uterus is the organ in a female mammal in which an embryo develops and is nourished.
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BC Science 9: p. 224-231
InfertilityInfertility Infertility is the inability of a couple to have a baby. Approximately three in twenty couples are infertile. Infertility can be seen in the male, female, or both. Common causes:
Male is unable to produce enough sperm.Woman is unable to produce enough hormones.Some treatments of diseases can lead to infertility (eg.
chemotherapy). In some cases, infertility can be corrected through
medical treatment.
Assisted Reproductive Assisted Reproductive TechnologiesTechnologies There are different methods
by which the infertile couple can attempt to have a baby.
Most of these techniques include removing the egg cells from a woman's body, fertilizing them, and returning the embryos to the uterus.
The uterus is the organ in a female mammal in which an embryo develops and is nourished.
Assisted Reproductive Assisted Reproductive TechnologiesTechnologies There are five main methods of assisted reproduction in humans:
1. Artificial Insemination2. In Vitro Fertilization3. Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer4. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection5. Surrogacy
1. Artificial Insemination (AI)1. Artificial Insemination (AI) Donor sperm is placed inside a
female via injection. This method was first developed in
animals more than 200 years ago. Artificial insemination is commonly
used to breed farm animals. In some human cases, the female’s
partner provides sperm. If the male’s sperm is compromised,
a donor may be used.
2. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)2. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Egg and sperm cell are collected. Fertilization occurs in a petri dish. Embryo(s) are placed inside a
female’s uterus to grow and develop. Powerful hormone treatments are
used to increase egg production. The chances of multiple births
increases with IVF. Approximately one in three couples
are successful in conceiving via IVF.
3. Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer 3. Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT)(GIFT) Egg cells and sperm
cells are extracted and mixed in a test tube.
The mixture is immediately injected into the fallopian tubes.
Fertilization takes place internally.
This procedure has a 30% success rate.
4. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection 4. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)(ICSI) A single sperm cell is
injected into an egg cell. The resulting zygote is
injected directly into the uterus of the woman.
This method can be used if the man has a severe fertility problem (eg. low sperm count).
This procedure has a 25% success rate.
5. Surrogacy5. Surrogacy A surrogate mother can be
used to give birth to a child for another couple.
A couple’s egg and sperm cells are combined externally and the resulting embryo is inserted into the uterus of the surrogate mother.
In some cases, the surrogate mother is asked to provide the egg cell for the pregnancy.
Impact on SocietyImpact on Society Able to help many infertile
couples conceive a child. Evidence that some
technologies may lead to genetic defects.
Some people believe that all embryos should develop into humans.
Individuals that are born via AI will rarely know who their father is.
