Bc 2 Brickwall

8/17/2019 Bc 2 Brickwall

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1.0 Introduction

The bricks are building material rectangle-shaped, made of inorganic materials that are

hard and tough. Brick is a durable building materials and be used for widespread. It was

created and existed for hundreds of years and it is important to build up structures in

civil engineering building.

Definitions brick is a brick is one block made of various materials and sies !"#mm

x"$!.#mm x %#mm which when combined with the increase in sie of "$mm mortar

layer. The sie and sie of bricks has never changed since time immemorial.

Bricks were formed by pressure usually has indentations on the surface of the brick

face. The bricks are made by machine consists of clay that is pressed with a hydraulic

press. The bricks have been formed to be dried and then baked. Bricks is also available

in various types.

Bricks used in construction made of some sort of ma&or raw materials such as clay,

sand and cement. 'mong the types of bricks produced and used in the construction of

clay bricks, cement bricks and blocks of cement.

The bricks used to build the walls of the building bears the burden of whether or not to

fill out the wall between the load-bearing framework. It is also used to make the

retaining wall, the wall of the toilet and make concrete fence. (ses of brick is very

important in the aspects of construction and utility covers the entire building to be built

without the use of bricks, construction may not be smooth and the )uality of the

resulting customer satisfaction. Building produced without the use of bricks will be

damaged and not safe because there were no fans or whilst retaining structure will also

be affected as a result of the lack of bricks. Therefore, the use of bricks in building

construction is critical.

In addition, the bricks that have been broken due to negligence during control, it should

not be thrown away. It still can be used as a hard layer of rock *hardcore+ that is used as

the base material in the construction of the floor. It also prevents construction materials

from waste. In the labor bricks, choice of materials and e)uipment is important because

it can determine the outcome of a good working, neat and very important from a safety

aspect. In addition, the selection of the right materials can also give strength to the

work.

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1.1 Problem statement

The topic of the second semester we have learned )uite a bit about the brick. Thetechnology is getting advanced day by the passage of time. e do not know how toform bricks, &ointing and pointing and manufacturing methods and materials used.

Therefore the problems faced by us is that we cannot imagine when the lecturerteaching about the brick. Image is not enough for us to understand. 'dditionally, we alsowant to find a new method of brick used. hen visit this site, we can find some sense of bricks used.

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1.2 Objective

ur research covers several ob&ectives. 'mong them is to find and identify how the

bricklaying at the construction site. In addition, we investigate to find out the difference

between the type of brick used on construction sites and bricks that we choose to

compare. urthermore, the technologies used in the pro&ect site and determine thetypes of raw materials used.

In addition, we also study the advantages and disadvantages of brick used on the

pro&ect site as well as the estimated costs necessary to know and to know the time or

the time taken to complete.

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1.3 Scope Of Study

There are three methods used in this study, namely interviews, site visits, finding

information on the internet and )uestionnaires. The purpose of these interviews was toobtain information and a clear picture of the study .The latest brick work and

conventional used construction site. /arties interviewed for this study is the contractor

of 0ompleks 1iaga I1trus

or the site visit, a total of 2 students went to the construction site to obtain and collect

information by engaging with the work of art and the use of brick conventional. This

method has been accompanied 3ite 4ngineer as our advisor in the process of gathering

information for building materials.

or the next method is through )uestionnaires. The )uestionnaire is to identify the

characteristics of building materials. The respondents of the )uestionnaire consists of a

3ite 4ngineer, /ro&ect 5anager, 3ite 3upervisor and 6uantity 3urveyors. 6uestions is

to examine in detail the management and use 7urrent and conventional brickwork and

characteristics of building materials used construction site. 6uestion addressed directly

to the site supervisor involved and respond to the )uestions and presented live.

7ontractor is the party responsible for managing and ensuring the )uality of

construction materials on site secure. 7ontractors have become a ma&or source of

information in the study. 'll information from the study is the contractor through the

)uestions the survey has been provided for this study. 3everal )uestions were posed to

the structure of the contracting parties to obtain clarification from the contractor8

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1.4 Epected Outcomes

In our study there is some expected outcome can be achieved that first we able to

identify the type that used in building construction. 1ext we able know new technologyused namely light weight concrete block.

urthermore, the technologies used in the pro&ect site and determine the types of raw

materials used accomplished. e know about advantage of light weight concrete block

for example fire resistance, easily worked, energy saving, versality and more. Beside of

that we know about material that used manufacture of brick.

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2.0 !E"E#I"$#E #E%IE&

2.1 "'e "ypes of (ric)

!."." 7ement Bricks

Bricks made of cement and sand. 3moothie ratio varies according to the strength

desired. ' ratio of "8 9 is a mixture commonly used to make cement bricks local. The

water content in the mixture should be controlled so as not to over-wet.

7ement bricks produced by using the mold. 1ewly minted brick should be left to dry

yourself and cured for two weeks before it is suitable for use. 7uring is done by watering

once a brick is hardened, especially during hot weather. 7ement brick sie is e)ual to

the sie of clay brick that is !"%mm x "$2mm x%#mm.

Figure 1 Showed some cement brick pallet.

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!.".!7lay brick

'mong the above brick, clay brick is the most widely used. Bricks are available in two

groups, ordinary bricks and face bricks lovely. 5ost of the brick factory only produce

ordinary brick chancery. :ovely face brick is a brick factory that produced some of the

great features advanced technology. :ovely face brick is characteried by the high)uality brick and the price was three times the normal brick. rdinary brick used in the

construction of normal to be plastered and lovely face brick used in the construction that

is not plastered. 7lay bricks are produced in various blocks and tiles *paver+ for specific

purposes. 7lay brick is divided into three categories8

!.".2 1aked eye

7ommon brick has no specific packaging and on the surface, and usually to the wall of

sanctions that will be covered with a layer of plaster, or for other uses such a surface.

.

!.".; Brick facade

This type of brick finishes on the surface, either textured, smooth or gritty. Its color is

uniform or multi - colored. The bricks used for walls that face looks beautiful nature shall

be to extreme weather.

!.".; Brick engineering

Brick engineering is a solid brick and are used to build - building such as retaining walls,

walls or abutment and piers who bear the brunt, wall-shelf and wall-greet bridges,

culverts bricks, shaped forms another wall who may be exposed to the action of acid

and corrosion. Brick engineering should meet the standards of 5alaysia 53


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!.".# ire Bricks

ire brick is a special type of brick used for lining the hole shoulder or chimneys, boilers

and furnaces, or other work which re)uired heat-resistant conditions. The brick made

from clay or slate heat resistant to high temperatures. consisting of lightweight concrete,

solid concrete and aerated concrete. The definition block or blocks have been set inB3!$!9 stating that block is larger than a brick in length, thickness and height. =igh-

blocks must not exceed in length or six times its thickness. In the local construction

there are three types of blocks used, namely solid block, cellular block and hollow block.

Figure 3 Show the fire bricks are ready pervaded.

!.".% 3and :ime Brick *calcium-silica+

This brick is made from a mixture of lime >etaliation ratio of "8 9, which is mixed with a

little water. The moist mixture is introduced into the mold under high pressure according

to the re)uired forms. The raw bricks filled up the truck and subse)uently pushed into

the autoclave, which is a large steel pressure. hen the autoclave is full, cover the

open ends of the steel was repeatedly on the steam being swept up to a certain

pressure for < or 9 hours. 's a result of the action pressure, steam and heat causes the

sand and lime together by chemical. 'fter that, the bricks were removed and cooled.

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There are four classes of sand-lime brick, namely8

• Brick for special use, which is suitable for use in &obs re)uiring high strength or to

be constantly immersed in water.

• Brick building to work on the fence outside

• Bata to use *!+ bound with mortar but instead of mortar • Bata for use inside buildings, which tied with mortar.

• The bricks made from cement and sand. The method of manufacturing this type

of brick is about the same as the manufacture of sand-lime brick.

!.".< Block 7ement

Increasing use cement blocks as they are cheaper in terms of price and can be

fastened )uickly in the construction led to increased productivity. or example bind a

block of ;#$mm x !!# mm x"$$$mm is e)ual to six ordinary brick tie. Blocks can be

produced from a concrete mix. The local construction there are three types of blocks

used in the solid block, cellular block and hollow block.

Figure 4 Show the size of a piece block.

2.2 *rran+ement (ric)

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The system or how bricks stacked to form a wall structure named. The general principle

used in forming the brick structure is perpendicular to a bonding layer shall be not less

than a )uarter of brick layers on the vertical bonding above and below. The aim is to

keep the weight point on the wall that is evenly distributed to the bricks beneath it to

prevent the occurrence of structural failure, such as une)ual deposition and fracture.

The brick structure will also affect the stability of the wall, especially on corners,

&unctions and crossing the wall.

There are many types of compounds used for a specific purpose, but the most widely

used is a set of headers *header+, brick-sided structure, composition and structure

lemish 4nglish. In order to comply with a system that bond, brick units may need to be

cut into shapes. 3elect a brick slices *bat+ or bricks cover *closer+ as >a&ah!.;. These

bricks can be cut by tapping it firmly with a spatula segment, but a more perfect way is

to use a brick hammer or hoe.

2.3 "'e types of bric)

!.2." 3ided Brick 3tructure

In the arrangement of this type, each layer consisting of side brick *the bricks are

arranged in longitudinal direction+. These layers, called layer side of a brick. Distance

connections vertical layers of overlapping *mount+ is a half-brick. 4nds must begin or

end with a brick cut in half or one-sided brick alternating layers of the wall. This

arrangement can only be used for half-brick thick wall only, and not less either be used

for thicker walls than this.

Figure 5 Show the kind of hand brick.

!.2.! =ead Brick 3tructure

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In the arrangement of head brick, brick units in all layers of bricks stacked in width.

These layers named head brick layer. ith this arrangement, will show brick wall built

surface it &ust shows the head of bricks only. The composition of this bond is weak, but

very useful for helping with the curved wall and suitable for wall thickness " brick.

Figure Shows the types of head brick.

!.2.; 4nglish 'rrangement

all materials are made using a set consisting of a layer of polish looks head and side

brick layers alternately. In a head brick layer at the edges to give the order. It started

with a brick layer brick slices of three-)uarters of the latter is better suited to face the

wall.

igure < 3how the kind of polish brick.

!.;.# 'rrangement lemish

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In order flemish, all brick layer composed of the heads of brick and brick side, bound

with alternating brick units which in each layer are arranged lengthwise and widthwise

alternately. The position of head of bricks in one layer is placed in the middle of the side

of the brick layers on the top and on the bottom, in order to meet the principles of the

brick ties. To get this bond, half-infused cover of bricks at one end in alternating layers.

During the meeting building, crossing the ends of the wall or cross walls *corners of

walls+, to conform to the principles of the brick structure.

Figure ! Show the type of brick Flemish.

2.4 ,eat-"ie (ric) &all

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/ack-tie is the term given to the process of final packaging a brick wall to create a

beautiful appearance. This was done against a brick wall face. There are two events to

do neat, tidy, tie the belt during the work carried out and neat brick-masonry tie after

completion. these methods have pros and cons

!.;." /ack-Belts During Brick ork (nderway

In this way, the bricks are prepared and ready to brush up a brick layer or in part and

bondage is packed bond masonry units shall be not too wet and not too dry when

finished. Benefits of this method is that it is more practical strong and fast. (se this

method also is cheaper because it is not necessary dredged mortar binder. the

drawback is the work that was done )uite difficult to obtain a uniform color. urthermore,

the bond units hard packed brick-tie on a rainy day.

!.;.! /ack-Tie 'fter ork Brick >eady

During the work carried bricks bonding units arrange it dug to a depth of "#mm using a

sharpened stick. the sharp end of the timber width e)ual to the width of the brick ties.

Institute of bricks that have been dug allowed to harden, and work to build the walls

brushed to remove the mortar that is free, and the wall was cleaned with water. The

wall, left to dry in advance and then update the work-tie do. nce this work is done both

during bondage is still in a damp condition. >ecent tie can be found to provide a more

uniform appearance and attractive way.

(pdate tie is done using a mortar composition and the desired color. the wall face to be

constantly exposed to adverse weather ratio of "8 ! *" part cement, ! parts sand, but to

face the wall normal rate of "8 2 is sufficient. ' mixture of sand and cement will produce

gray mud mortar and mix it a little lime color is yellowish white. If another color is

desired, the dye mortar should be used.

.

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Figure " shows some types of packaging in brick bond.

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3.0 et'odolo+y

3.1introduction

e received instructions from the lecturer building construction ! for assignments

related to ?site visit? titled brickwork. There are three methods used in this study, namely

interviews, site visits, finding information on the internet and )uestionnaires. The

purpose of these interviews was to obtain information and a clear picture of the study

.The latest brick work and conventional used construction site. /arties interviewed for

this study is the contractor of 0ompleks 1iaga I1trus

or the site visit, a total of 2 students went to the construction site to obtain and collect

information by engaging with the work of art and the use of brick conventional. This

method has been accompanied 3ite 4ngineer as our advisor in the process of gatheringinformation for building materials.

or the next method is through )uestionnaires. The )uestionnaire is to identify the

characteristics of building materials. The respondents of the )uestionnaire consists of a

3ite 4ngineer, /ro&ect 5anager, 3ite 3upervisor and 6uantity 3urveyors. 6uestions is

to examine in detail the management and use 7urrent and conventional brickwork and

characteristics of building materials used construction site. 6uestion addressed directly

to the site supervisor involved and respond to the )uestions and presented live.

7ontractor is the party responsible for managing and ensuring the )uality of

construction materials on site secure. 7ontractors have become a ma&or source of

information in the study. 'll information from the study is the contractor through the

)uestions the survey has been provided for this study. 3everal )uestions were posed to

the structure of the contracting parties to obtain clarification from the contractor8

..

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3.1 /!O& *#"

Shows Flow #hart

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:ecturer giving the assignment

of a ?site visit@@

Divide into groups and give

each group a title

Discuss fellow group members

to establish a special title. 'nd

create survey )uestions

inding a suitable site on the

topic

5ake proposals after

conducting site visits


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Based on figure shown a flow chart in to complete this report in building construction !.

irst :ecturer 4n 5ohd =anian Bin 5ohd Bahari giving the assignment of a ?site visit@@.

:ecturer give a title for the site visit. 1ext divide into group and give each group a little

and have < group and the student vote for the title. Then the discuss fellow group

member to a special title and create a survey )uestion.

3.2 #*," *#"

MONTH/WEEK

SUBJECT/

ACTIVITY

MONTH 7 MONTH 8 MONTH 9 MONTH 10

1 - 2 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 1 2 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 3

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Planning

Actual Work

Shows $rant #hart

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4.0 #eport

4.1 Introduction Industrialize Building System

5alaysia has been in the use of the latest technologies in the field of construction that

malaria is still new for developing countries. 5alaysia has gone a step further by

developing a guidance system industrialied *IB3+ for competing in infrastructure

development. The advanced technology used to improve the )uality and productivity of

construction pro&ects to enable the development of infrastructure in 5alaysia will be on

par with developed countries. =owever, this method has yet to be fully applied in the

construction industry. 5alaysian construction industry was heading for a change from

industrial traditional more industrialied building system *IB3+. IB3 has been identified

as a potential solver to improve the overall performance of the construction industry in

terms of labor, 6uality, cost effectiveness, safety, waste reduction and productivity and

)uality of work with the use of new construction can be improve productivity and )uality

of work with the construction of a better use of machinery, e)uipment, materials and

detailed pre-pro&ect planning. In this study one should compare between IB3 and

conventional construction methods taking into account factors such as labor, material

costs, construction time, advantages, disadvantages and various other things from a

more sub&ective point has been taken into account. Data was collected for the

observation site at the pro&ect and search through the internet.

.

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igure " 3how some lightweight 7oncrete Block.

4.2.1 *dvanta+es I(S

'ccelerate the construction of IB3 enables faster construction time delivery of pro&ects

that can be greatly reduced. This enables cost savings to offset the cost of capital for

the initial investment burden for plant and machinery. IB3 will save some time by eduction of workers at the site, the materials and construction ensure a

construction site less. >eduction of workers at the site, the materials of construction

waste has guaranteed the construction site safer and more orderly. /latform and secure

a strong work produced by prefabricated elements. In addition, construction sites more

orderly, cleaner and safer as well as the reduction of construction waste, workers and

materials on construction sites. 4nvironmental protection industrialied building system

*IB3+ will ensure environmental protection in the absence of dust and dirt on site. 1oise

pollution caused by construction scaffolding and formwork, as well as its opening almost

eliminated.

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The cause of IB3 is not in use is the lack of knowledge about building techni)ues poses

feeling unable to bear the risk and fear among the participants in the construction

industry is still tied to The conventional method which relies heavily on the work of wet

leads to the construction site becomes dirty, difficult, and still re)uires a lot of labor.

In addition, IB3 has mistaken that it is only suitable for low-cost housing in which itshows lack of awareness of IB3 among industry players. In fact there are those who

doubt the soundness of structures built using the IB3. , :ack of experience and

technical knowledge belonging to the contractors about IB3 has led to cost above

budget due to cost control ineffective.

4.2.2 efinition li+'tei+'t oncrete (loc).

:ightweight oamed 7oncrete /roducts are produce in both standard block and wall

panel. The design mix is 7ement, ine 3and and 7hemical for producing foam into the

mortar. Thick formerly used for internal and external wall. The block density is between


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4.2.3 aterials $sed "o &or) li+'tei+'t oncrete (loc)

igure ! 7utting for lightweight 7oncrete Block igure 2 :eveling /lane

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igure ; 1otched Trowel lightweight 7oncrete Block igure # 37I Thin Bed 'dhesive

4.3 iscussion

This discussion is recounted and discussed more clearly and carefully about the data

obtained in achieving the ob&ectives of the data obtained from the survey and

observation and )uestionnaires to the manager and one pro&ect in 0elantan. or theob&ective of our study was to observe at a construction site using a conventional brick

and our assessment of the industrialied construction methods *IB3+.

In this study, the discussion will be made on the importance of the Industrialied

Building 3ystem *IB3+ to enhance the effectiveness of construction pro&ects.

Bricks is an element that is used in the manufacture of building structures and buildings

made of various materials and their uses its own. Bata is widely used in building

construction, drains, gates and other uses. This study provided many benefits,

especially to know and identify ways bricklaying at the pro&ect site. In addition, examine

and make a difference in terms of cost, method and the advantages and disadvantages

of conventional brick used on construction sites with brick-based Industrialied Building

3ystem *IB3+.

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4.4 omparison (eteen et'ods Industrialied (uildin+ System 5I(S6 it' t'e

conventional met'od.

7omparison between IB3 and conventional methods will be described more detailed

below.

;.2." /ro&ect Background

7onstruction sites that we choose to be in I1trus Business 7omplex at Batu 7hepa,

0ota Bharu, 0elantan. The proposed pro&ect is to build and set up a factory which is one

level. Do not forget also to pro&ect manager who helped us to get our information about

the work of 4n.Dsliani Bin Ismail. The pro&ect is estimated at >5#$,$$$. The

construction period of the pro&ect is estimated for " month.

;.2.! ire >esistance

Brickwell blocks are totally inorganic and are incombustible. The product is especiallysuited for fire rated application.

;.2.2 4asily orked

Brickwell blocks can be sawn, drilled, nailed, and machined using normal wood working

tools.

;.;.; 4nergy 3aving

The remarkably good insulation properties of block mean a pleasant interior

environment is achieved. In most cases the need for supplementary insulation is

unnecessary.

;.;.# >apid n 3ite 'ssembly

The /roduct@s light weight and easy workability means that is very )uick to install on

site.

;.;.% Fersatility

Brickwell blocks can be used for all applications including walls, roofs and floors in both

load bearing and non-load bearing applications.

;.;.< 4xcellent 'coustic /erformance

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Brickwell blocks have excellent acoustic performance and can be used as an effective

sound barrier.

7.0 onclusions

The study that we have done is to examine the importance of technology in the

industrialied building system *IB3+ in enhancing the effectiveness of the pro&ect and to

determine the extent of experienced contractors and knowledgeable in the field of

industrialied building system *IB3+ is.

The conclusion we have obtained is IB3 is a construction method that has all the

sections building construction and skilled labor is much less. IB3 is to improve and

change the use of a conventional method. the practice of the construction industry to

better development of the country, especially in the pursuit of technological progress

construction.

In addition to enhancing the level of development of the country, especially in the

realiation of Fision !$!$. The state of the current site is very dangerous, dirty and

difficult and the dependence on foreign workers explained that the construction industry

needs to be changed. Thus, IB3 introduced four decades ago a lot of promises that can

cover disadvantages of conventional methods. 'll parties involved in the construction

industry for the government and private sectors should collaborate and provide support

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to ensure that IB3 can be implemented widely in the construction industry in 5alaysia to

further enhance the technology to better keep the country on par with the construction in

developed countries such as apan, (nited 3tate, >ussia and (nited 0ingdom.

8.0 #eference

e get some background information resource through the website8

• http8CCwww.inotrus.comClightweight.php

• http8CCwww.utusan.com.myCsains-teknologiCteknologiCkaedah-ibs-&imat-cepat-dan-

berkualiti-".!9!2G

• http8CCbatubatasub&ekkv.blogspot.comCpCpengenalan-batu-bata.html

• http8CCallpolyteknikmodul.blogspot.comC!$"!C$GCker&a-bata-unit-!.html

• https8CCwww.cidb.gov.myCcidbv;Cindex.phpH

optioncomJfa)bookEviewcategoryEid9#EItemid;G"Elangms

• http8CCwww.ibs.utm.myCmyibsC

• http8CCen.wikipedia.orgCwikiCIndustrialisedJBuildingJ3ystemJA!9IB3A!G

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http://www.inotrus.com/lightweight.phphttp://www.utusan.com.my/sains-teknologi/teknologi/kaedah-ibs-jimat-cepat-dan-berkualiti-1.28239http://www.utusan.com.my/sains-teknologi/teknologi/kaedah-ibs-jimat-cepat-dan-berkualiti-1.28239http://batubatasubjekkv.blogspot.com/p/pengenalan-batu-bata.htmlhttp://allpolyteknikmodul.blogspot.com/2012/09/kerja-bata-unit-2.htmlhttps://www.cidb.gov.my/cidbv4/index.php?option=com_faqbook&view=category&id=85&Itemid=491&lang=mshttps://www.cidb.gov.my/cidbv4/index.php?option=com_faqbook&view=category&id=85&Itemid=491&lang=mshttp://www.ibs.utm.my/myibs/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrialised_Building_System_(IBS)http://www.utusan.com.my/sains-teknologi/teknologi/kaedah-ibs-jimat-cepat-dan-berkualiti-1.28239http://www.utusan.com.my/sains-teknologi/teknologi/kaedah-ibs-jimat-cepat-dan-berkualiti-1.28239http://batubatasubjekkv.blogspot.com/p/pengenalan-batu-bata.htmlhttp://allpolyteknikmodul.blogspot.com/2012/09/kerja-bata-unit-2.htmlhttps://www.cidb.gov.my/cidbv4/index.php?option=com_faqbook&view=category&id=85&Itemid=491&lang=mshttps://www.cidb.gov.my/cidbv4/index.php?option=com_faqbook&view=category&id=85&Itemid=491&lang=mshttp://www.ibs.utm.my/myibs/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrialised_Building_System_(IBS)http://www.inotrus.com/lightweight.php


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9.0 *ppendices

Diagram "

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Diagram !

:uestionnaire

:ist )uestionnaire asked at construction site8

" hat type of brick usedH

! 5aterials usedH

2 Type of bond brick used

; hat are the advantages of brick used on the pro&ect siteH

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# hat are the weaknesses of the brick used in the pro&ect siteH

% here are the raw materials availableH

< =ow many skilled workers needed to complete a one-story buildingH

9 Is the surface should be plastered brickH

Documents

Bc 2 Brickwall