BBC/4DC meeting Leipzig 13.-16.05.02 Structure of microphysical cloud parameters in Cu and StCu clouds during the BBC/4D-Clouds field campaign at Cabauw

BBC/4DC meeting Leipzig 13.-16.05.02

Dr. Dagmar Nagel

GKSS Research Center GeesthachtInstitute for Coastal Research

Max-Planck-Strasse 1D 21502 Geesthacht

GermanyEmail: [email protected]



1. Instrumentation1.1 Aircraft1.2 Probes

2. Calibration

4. Results

5. Outlook

2.1 Absolute sizing2.2 Highspeed calibration

4.1 Products4.2 Examples from the field campaign

BBC/4DC meeting Leipzig 13.-16.05.02BBC/4DC meeting Leipzig 13.-16.05.02

Merlin IV of Meteo France with PMS probes

1. Instrumentation


1. Instrumentation

PMS FSSP-ER /PMS FSSP-100

PMS OAP 2D2-C PMS OAP 2D2-P

Nevzorov probe

Size range between 2 µm to 6.4 mm


2. CalibrationAbsolute calibration with monodisperse droplet generator

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Range 1 08/2001 water droplets 08/2001 glass beads

drop

let d

iam

eter

[ µm

]

FSSP-ER droplet diameter [ µm ]


2. CalibrationHighspeed calibration at 100 m/s – determination of the sample volume

Measurement

X

Z

Y

filter

DOF

Definitionparticle flow

vARdDOFtV

sample volume :

concentration :

)()(),(tVdNdtC

d

Signal (red) and annulus (blue) produced by a glass fiber


2. CalibrationHighspeed calibration at 100 m/s – determination of the sample volumn

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1102.0

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

quarz 1 quarz 1b - 6b quarz 6a quarz 10b, 11b glass 2 glass 1a - 8a water droplets

at 1 to 3 m/s static value

DO

F [ m

m ]

FSSP - Dm [ µm ]

DOF as function of different materials at low speeds (2 m/s) for FSSP-ER, range 0


2. CalibrationHighspeed calibration at 100 m/s – determination of the sample volume

DOF als Funktion der Geschwindigkeit


2. CalibrationHighspeed calibration at 100 m/s – channel shift

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 1600

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Ch01 Ch02 Ch03 Ch04 Ch05 Ch06 Ch07 Ch08 Ch10 / Ch11 Ch11 / Ch12 Ch13 / Ch 14 Ch15

chan

nel

speed [ m/s ]Channel shift measured with FSSP-100 at speeds between 15 m/s and 100 m/s


3. Calculation procedure

Combination of single spectra from all three probes for 10s periods

Products:number concentration

effective radius

water content

effective radius

number concentration

liquid and ice water content

Time series of every flight section for every probe for

Spectra of every probe for every flight section

10s time series of bulk data like

10s merged spectra of all three probes


3. Calculation procedure

Combination of single spectra from all three probes for 10s periods

1 10 100 100010-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

FSSP-ER 2D2-C 2D2-P

dN/d

D [

l-1µm

-1 ]

equivalent diameter [ µm ]

23.09.01 Merlin flight 45, leg 3

1 10 100 100010-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

FSSP-ER 2D2-C 2D2-P merged spectra

dN/d

D [

l-1µm

-1 ]


13.09.01 Merlin flight 41, leg 8

25 % limit

50 % limit

50 % limit


1 11.09.01 40 S1 – S2 – S44

+2 partly880 -1200 m 6 590 – 2400 m

2 13.09.01 41 S1 – B5 8 900 – 2400 m -

3 20.09.01 42 S1 – S354

1840 – 2050 m1820 – 2340 m

3 1230 – 2670 m

4 22.09.01 44 S1 – S3

5 23.09.01 45 S1 – S3 7 570 – 1210 m 9 580 – 1200 m

6 23.09.01 46 S1 – S3 6 740 – 1360 m -

7 25.09.01 47 S1 – S2 4 590 – 920 m 1 600 – 3160 m

8 26.09.01 48 S1 – S23

+ 5 partly590 – 1840 m 6 580 – 2720 m

9 27.09.01 49 S1 – S51

+ 3 partly 610 – 1550 m 12 620 – 1540 m

4. Results

Data overview

DateNo. Merlin flight between hor. legs soundingsbetween between

Not useable due to missing data!

4

5

6

7

8


4. Results 13.09.01

13.09.01 09:32:00 leg 1, 907 m


4. Results 13.09.01

1 10 100 1000 1000010-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

1 10 100 1000 10000100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

next to Cabauw with precipitation

in cloud next to B5 below cloud base

dN/d

D [

l-1µm

-1 ]


dV

/dD

[ µm

3 l-1µm

-1 ]


Typical size and volume distribution at leg 1, 907 m


4. Results 13.09.01

Effective radius and total water content between S1 and B5

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3 5 10 20 30 40 50 75 100 125 150 200 250

Hei

ght [

m ]

Reff

[ µm ]

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Hei

ght [

m ]

Distance from S1 = Cabauw [ km ]

1E-3 0.01 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50Water content [ g/m3 ]


4. Results 13.09.01

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

LWC [ g/m3 ]

Hei

ght [

m ]

1E-3 0.01 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Distance from S1 = Cabauw [ km ]

IWC [ g/m3 ]

Hei

ght [

m ]

1E-3 0.01 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50

Liquid and ice water content between S1 and B5


4. Results 20.09.01

20.09.01 12:21:06 leg 5, 2036 m


4. Results 20.09.01

1600

1800

2000

2200

2400

3 5 10 20 30 40 50 75 100 125 150 200 250

Hei

ght [

m ]

1600

1800

2000

2200

2400

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 Distance from S1 = Cabauw [ km ]

1E-3 0.01 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.50

Hei

ght [

m ]

Reff

[ µm ]

TWC [ g/m3 ]

Effective radius and total water content between S1 and S3, part 2


4. Results 20.09.01

Liquid and ice water content between S1 and S3, part 2

1600

1800

2000

2200

2400

LWC [ g/m3 ]

Hei

ght [

m ]

1E-3 0.01 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50

1600

1800

2000

2200

2400

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 Distance from S1 = Cabauw [ km ]

Hei

ght [

m ]

1E-4 1E-3 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05IWC [ g/m3 ]


4. Results 20.09.01

1600

1800

2000

2200

2400

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

1600

1800

2000

2200

2400

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

11:24:17 - 11:27:16 13:14:32 - 13:15:41 13:16:33 - 13:18:18

Reff [ µm ]

Hei

ght [

m ]

Water content [ g/m3 ]

Decent (black) at the beginning and decent (red) and ascent (green) at the end of the flightbetween S1 and S3


4. Results 23.09.01

23.09.01 13:28:40 leg 3, 892 m


4. Results 23.09.01

Liquid water content and number concentration between S1 and S3

600

800

1000

1200

1400H

eigh

t [ m

]

1E-3 0.01 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50LWC [ g/m3 ]

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 Distance from S1 = Cabauw [ km ]

Hei

ght [

m ]

1E-1 5E-1 1E0 5E0 1E1 5E1 1E2 5E2 1E3 5E3 1E4 5E4 1E5 5E5 1E6Concentration [ l-1 ]


4. Results 23.09.01

600

800

1000

1200

1400

3 5 10 20 30 40 50 75 100 125 150 200 250

Hei

ght [

m ]

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 Distance from S1 = Cabauw [ km ]

1E-3 0.01 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.50 0.60 0.70

Hei

ght [

m ]

Reff

[ µm ]

LWC [ g/m3 ]

Effective radius and liquid water content between S1 and S3


4. Results 25.09.01

25.09.01 14:21:10 leg 1, 644 m


4. Results 25.09.01

Effective radius and liquid water content between S1 and S2

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Hei

ght [

m ]

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Distance from S1 = Cabauw [ km ]

1E-6 1E-5 1E-4 1E-3 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10

Hei

ght [

m ]

Reff

[ µm ]

LWC [ g/m3 ]


4. Results 25.09.01

25.09.01 15:10:50 ascent next to Cabauw


4. Results 25.09.01

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

1E-7 1E-6 1E-5 1E-4 1E-3 0.01 0.1

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100110

Reff [ µm ]

Hei

ght [

m ]


rel. Hum. [ % ]

Ascent at Cabauw (black) and horizontal legs (colored) between S1 and S2


4. Results 27.09.01

27.09.01 10:44:32 leg 4, 915 m


4. Results 27.09.01

0 2 4 6 8 10

1E-7 1E-6 1E-5 1E-4 1E-3 0.01 0.1 1

0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10

1E-7 1E-6 1E-5 1E-4 1E-3 0.01 0.1 1 1E-7 1E-6 1E-5 1E-4 1E-3 0.01 0.1 1 1E-7 1E-6 1E-5 1E-4 1E-3 0.01 0.1 1 1E-7 1E-6 1E-5 1E-4 1E-3 0.01 0.1 1 1E-7 1E-6 1E-5 1E-4 1E-3 0.01 0.1 1

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

0 2 4 6 8 10

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

1E-7 1E-6 1E-5 1E-4 1E-3 0.01 0.1 1

Reff [ µm ]


Reff [ µm ]

Reff [ µm ]

Reff [ µm ]

Reff [ µm ]

next to S5

Reff [ µm ]



Water content [ g/m 3 ]


next to S5


next to S1

Reff [ µm ]

Hei

ght [

m ]

next to S1

Hei

ght [

m ]


Effective radius and water content at leg 3 (open symbols) and leg 4 (solid symbols) between S1 and S5


4. Results 27.09.01

1 10 10010-1

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

1 10 100102

103

104

105

106

107

108

917 m 1056 m 1231 m 1408 m 1522 m

dN/d

D [

l-1µm

-1 ]


dV

/dD

[ µm

3 l-1µm

-1 ]


Typical size and volumn distribution between 917 m and 1522 m height next to Cabauw


4. Results 27.09.01

1 10 10010-1

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

1 10 100102

103

104

105

106

107

108

935 m 969 m 1016 m 1077 m 1132 m 1186 m 1243 m 1307 m

dN/d

D [

l-1µm

-1 ]


dV

/dD

[ µm

3 l-1µm

-1 ]


Typical size and volumn distribution between 935 m and 1307 m height in a Cumulus cloud at leg 4


5. Outlook

Improvement of the algorithm for the combination of single spectra

Comparison with data from Nevzorov probe and PVM

Detailed comparison to measurements of ground-based radar

Documents

BBC/4DC meeting Leipzig 13.-16.05.02 Structure of microphysical cloud parameters in Cu and StCu clouds during the BBC/4D-Clouds field campaign at Cabauw