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8/3/2019 bAULIANA Agnostic Monontheist Belief System of the Bauls in Bangladesh
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FOREWORD
The first time that I came across the name Maqsoodul Haque was in an article written
by him in the weekly Holiday on the subject of racism in South Asia around about 1998
or 1999. As I was fairly new to Bangladesh I did not know of his musical background but
was fairly impressed by his articulate writing style and the force of his argument, whichrequired a lot of courage due to the prevailing political climate at the time, and the
subject he wrote upon was considered particularly controversial and sensitive. It was,
however, after a further two years that we were in regular communication with each
other through the medium of the Internet and emails. We both contributed articles to
various Bangladesh focused websites and soon we became personally acquainted.
Sometime during this period he had also challenged the musical puritanism that
surrounded the compositions of Rabindranath Tagore in a quite audacious manner by
rendering some of his songs with a modern touch and flair. This sent many orthodox
musical experts into a frenzy that led to several months of complaints and letter writing
in The Daily Star against the innovations introduced by Maqsood but his actions opened
up the music scene in Bangladesh which now saw a level of creativity, imagination and
inventiveness not witnessed before.
Unfortunately, while Maqsood has been writing for almost 20 years on various subjects
ranging from culture to politics to music he remains a ‘restricted writer’ in the sense
that the media and press have tended to avoid publishing his work. His no-nonsense
approach has generally not endeared him to certain vested quarters that feel
threatened by his breaking down of intellectual and musical barriers and the episode
involving Tagore made him a favoured target of these groups. This did not, however,
deter Maqsood and he next explored the subject of Baul music in several articles written
for Holiday in a serialization that lasted for five or six weeks but became compulsoryreading for anyone interested in music in an academic context and background. The
articles received rave reviews and the public appreciated the research, experience and
knowledge that went into writing them and he was duly recognized as a pioneer and
thinker in the music scene. This present book is the latest development of those ideas
but now covers new ground and important themes of which I hope to provide a brief
overview with a few of my own personal musings and comments.
While engaging in some private research on the subject of Bauliana primarily for this
foreword I was intrigued to discover that the only in-depth study of the subject has
been by Maqsood. While Baul music is a common and accepted feature of the cultureand history of this region there is very little that has been written on it of any real
substance or value. So the book ‘Bauliana – Worshipping the Great God in Man’ is a
breakthrough at several levels. As the title would suggest it is not a book merely about
music but it is a discussion of philosophy and a guide to living. At the outset there is a
hint of rebuke at the omission of cultural scholars to recognize the significance of Baul
or as Maqsood puts it, “For Bangladesh the year 1991 passed uneventfully in our willful
exclusion of an epochal event of historical significance.” He was, of course, referring to
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the death centenary of Fakir Lalon Shah who was buried in Seuria, Kushtia which
happens to be the district of my forefathers and so was of added interest to me having
previously heard so much about him but receiving very little real wisdom or insight on
the subject.
For Bangladesh the symbolism surrounding the life and death of Lalon Shah stillreverberates today as, “his legacy has been one of diabolical ignorance, a heritage of a
insane struggle to assign him either an Islamic identity by hard-line Islamist fanatics,
which lay directly in confrontation with the dominant city bred (then Kolkata in West
Bengal – Dhaka having evolved in importance much later) middle-class precepts of the ill
defined Hindu Brahminist supremacist ‘secular’ Bengalee culture.” As Maqsood points
out Lalon Shah repudiated affiliation to any organized religion and the concept of
‘Bauliana’ as practiced by him was less a religion but more a quest for the ‘omnipotent
maker’ through introspection. The term Bauliana’ is not meant here to suggest that Baul
music originated with Lalon Shah (which in fact predates him by many centuries) but
that the concept of ‘Bauliana’ is a phenomenon with global resonance opening avenues
to cultural comparisons and is signified by an alternative way of life that has one of its
many exemplars the Rastafarian belief system and the music that grew from it called
reggae whose most famous and accomplished singer and composer was Bob Marley. In
a similar way, Lalon Shah used the vehicle of Baul music to disseminate his views,
philosophy and opinions about life to a receptive audience.
The relevance of the Bauliana quest to the deep religious and cultural divisions of the
contemporary world has been described by Maqsood in chapter 16, “The quest for
Bauliana today … is a revolt against the hackneyed order of medieval thought processes,
permeating and afflicting the sensibilities of Man, in its unflinching brutalization of
fellow Man. It becomes all the more important that we stop and ponder, because allWars today, all conflicts, all our anger to fellow Man, is directed NOT because we
disagree on fundamentals of the Maker, but because we have allowed ourselves to be
conducted on implied Superiority or Inferiority of our respective ‘Gods’. We never hear of
any attempts anywhere in the world about a ‘Consensus on God’ while we hear about
‘clashes among civilizations or religions’ when civilization is nothing more that an
extension of hate, for whatever we may have inherited, we have failed in inheriting a
civilization of ‘good’ as we go looking for ‘Axis of Evils’ – which allows only the devil and
not Man to smile.” The Baul outlook is, however, not pessimistic as it abhors doubt,
which brews from suspicion, and mistrust, which appears coincidentally to be the cause
for all the violence and conflict, witnessed in recent invasions based on highly dubiouspretexts. Maqsood elaborates his own theory in Chapter 19 based on the needs and
requirements of the military industrial complexes (that President Eisenhower warned of
several decades ago) as well as to man’s propensity for chaos that is engendered by his
fear of his fellow man which are amongst the many other things discussed in this wide-
ranging section of the book that surprisingly ends on a cautionary note on the fate of
man.
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Essentially the book is a deeply personal journey undertaken by Maqsood after his many
hard and some might say bitter experiences in life and with his relationship to Bauliana
and the teachings of Fakir Lalon Shah and the other Bauls. The book had developed out
of Maqsood’s close association with the Bauls and is obviously autobiographical in
nature. He had accumulated numerous notes during the periods of teaching and
instruction imparted to him by the bards and he has made good use of them in thebook. Other than a musical album of the same name, recorded with his former band
Feedback, Bauliana can be said to be his scriptural testimony to his personal belief
system that is based on a fusion of Buddhist and Islamic precepts that has similarity to
the Bauls way of life which he has chosen to adopt. The cause for this attitude appears
to be a consequence of his frustration with religious quarrels that now plague our world
and the wars that feed on these sectarian and communal squabbles. In short the
Bauliana lifestyle is a pacifist movement, which is unique to Bangladesh in that it crosses
boundaries and attempts to bring mankind together, and has been claimed to be the
dominant culture of Bangladesh (and this region of South Asia) for at least 2000 years.
The book will provide to the sociologist, cultural historian, anthropologist and the
thinking musician a wealth of information about Baul and the man Maqsoodul Haque.
Barrister M.B.I Munshi
Banani, Dhaka
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INTRODUCTION
I was less than ten years old when I first saw a Baul. This was in 1967 and happened in
one of the many trips I would go off with my father during school holidays. My father, a
dyes and chemical salesman for a Swiss company averaged at least two tour of dutyeach month to nooks and a corner of what was then East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). It
was always a delight to accompany him in the World War II vintage company jeep that
he would drive despite fact that it would break down every now and then. And so it was
during one such breakdown, somewhere near Kushtia that an old man startled me with
his very sudden appearance. In his hand was a single string instrument of a kind I had
never seen before, and a small tabla-like drum was slung at his waist. On the tip of a
stick he carried a bundle of clothe. He was lithe, tall, bare footed, wore a white robe and
sported long hair that he tied into a neat bun on top of his head. A flowing white beard
completed his sage like looks.
My father an accomplished car mechanic as well, was busy fixing up the jeep when the
old man arrived and attempted to make small conversations. He was polite to a fault,
and father treated him with a sense of reverence, which surprised me somewhat. Soon
the man on some prodding from father started to sing. His voice was strong considering
his age, but the music combination in retrospect was of a kind that I do not remember
hearing, not even on the radio to which I was hooked to, even at that impressionable
age. Soon the jeep started up, and we were on way to Kushtia. We dropped off the old
man a short distance away.
It was from my father that I learnt firsthand about the Bauls. I must admit that I was far
too young then to understand the deep words of spirituality that he was taking pains toexplain; that were part of the lyrics of the songs we had just finished listening. I was
happy to see him elated and joined him repeating two lines over and over again, which
he explained later was from a song of Fakir Lalon Shah and one I would be destined to
memorize on that auspicious day for life:
Sunnot diley hoi Musholman/ hairey Nari loker ki hoi bidhan
If circumcision be the mark of a Muslim male/ how do I recognize it’s female
Ami Bamun chini poitey pomoan/ ami bauni chini kishey ray
If the sacred thread be the proof of a Brahmin male/ how do I recognize it’s female
Since that very first orientation to Baul music and their agnostic philosophy from my
father, little was I to know that much of my adult life would be spent soliciting the
company, music and philosophy of these great men and women of wisdom who choose
to live their life in rejection of the status quo, and who with great degree of pride
represent the poorest of the poor in Bangladesh. What I found particularly endearing
about them is the patience they exercise in face of insurmountable odds, and in their
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very strong pacifist character, that evidentially is the outcome of their peaceful
coexistence with nature.
In 1989 I was part of a select team headed by my now deceased musician friend the Late
Somnath Chatterjee from HMV/EMI, Kolkata that traveled to Harishpur, Harinakundu in
Jessore and then on to Seuria in Kushtia to record ‘rustic’ Bauls LIVE! and on location.We visited several ‘ankhraz’ (Baul hangouts) in the region and recorded about thirty
men and women, later short listing ten exceptional ones to come to Dhaka where we
would then record them at a professional studio. The total duration of both the live and
studio recordings lasted about fifteen days, and I took pain to befriend a few. I may add
that it is not always easy to make a Baul your friend, or vice versa! The rituals of
acceptance can take a long time, and one may even be rejected if you are found
arrogant, or have a communal bent of mind. This was indeed my first experience to the
rigour of Baul life and music and I expanded on those initials contacts by making short
trips to several Bauls based in Chuadanga, Kushtia, Jessore, Faridpur, Bhanga, Narail,
Gopalgunj and Sylhet among others. Likewise I opened my parental home in Pallabi,
Mirpur to the Bauls, and many would saunter by in their usually brief sojourn to Dhaka,
have a meal with me, sing a few songs, discuss tottyo or scriptures, and move on.
By 1990 I was ready for my first Baul music experimentation with my erstwhile band
Feedback. It was “Diner Alo Nibhey Gelo” (The End of the Light of Day) a catchy Baul
dirge to ‘celebrate’ death, which we went ahead and set to a funk beat, and a raving
Bass line. A show in the Government owned Bangladesh Television (BTV) with the tune
in 1991 assured the band a berth in the national folklore heritage and there was to be
no looking back. Baul music had by then on its own merit entered urban Bengalee
households. In 1995 Feed Back was commissioned on a very short notice by BTV to
produce a fusion version of the Baul song ‘Deho Ghori’ (The Body Clock) for an Eidspecial program. The legendary Baul Abdur Rahman Boyati joined us in the production
and the music video followed by a single song album went on to create history.
Feedback by then was ready to take the next big step – to be the first band in
Bangladesh to produce a complete album of Baul music. Titled Bauliana, the
groundbreaking album was released in 1996 and was to be my last work with the band. I
quit Feedback for personal reasons in early 1997. However my close relationship with
the Baul’s and their music that started in 1989, continues till date and I remain
committed and have since recorded several tunes with my new band dHAKA, the most
recent being the 2006 album Ma’arefoter Potaka (The Standards of Extelligence).
There is fundamentally more to Baul spirituality and scripture than merely the music
and lyrics that one comes by, and conceivably nobody can ‘delve deep’ into the music
form without having some basic understanding and concepts about its tottyo. This book
is an attempt to understand and explain the intricacies of the Baul scriptures. The
esoteric couplets, sentences and arguments that usually have moral or historical over
tone, the pointed reminders, the signature lines, and the over all thrust of arguments
within a very short periphery of time, the alankar (embellishments), all mesh in and
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combine to create a completed aura of ethereal munificence. Baul music with
exceptions follows different traditions and Guru’s in every district of Bangladesh, and
sometimes each has its own unique Guru Shishya parampara (student/teachers
discourses), leading on to birth of newer, progressive and more challenging schools of
thoughts. While Fakir Lalon Shah is the most celebrated of sages of Bangladesh, the
schools of Baul thought encapsulates perhaps several hundred more sages and men of great wisdom, whose writings and philosophies continue to inspire and whose graves
more often than not, take on the shape of shrines, usually devoid of any religious or
sectarian symbolism. Being an oral tradition Baul music ironically is also one of our near
extinct heritages as most of the works have either disappeared or have been claimed by
unscrupulous people over time. Studies on authorship of many Baul songs (including
those of Lalon) and their relevance to original scores and or manuscripts remains a very
complicated process and is mired by many unfortunate controversies. To top it off, it is
believed that while there were over 300 different types of Baul melodies or tunes; today
we are left with scarcely 35. While researching the Bauliana album, I could identify only
20 authentic tunes.
The essays ‘Bauliana: Worshipping the Great God in Man’ in 2003 were written through
a feeling of guilt and remorse. While I did receive praise for my work for the musical
album of 1996, troubling me intently was a feeling of not been able to share the many
words of wisdom that were imparted to me by the Baul’s over the years to a wider
audience, teachings I was sure would benefit a lot of later day enthusiasts. I had made
scores of notes at the time, as also consigned most of the teachings to memory but
there was always a deep apprehension, that unless my writings were passed on hand to
hand; all the hard work that went into it, will fail my original intention i.e. opening
newer dimensions into reading on Baul music, lyrics, philosophy and way of life.
My decision at writing couldn’t have come at a better time. Remarkably by early 2001,
Baul music caught up in a big way in Bangladesh and sent ripples down the music scene.
New bands like Bangla, Ajob, Meghdol, Shironamhin, Taan etc created music that would
go on to convincingly reaffirm Baul music as the most dominant of a new fusion music
genre in the country. Indeed the years 2000 to the present would be marked in our
musical history as a time of serious heritage and country musical revival – almost a
revolution of sort – with commitments made not only to music, but also in the lifestyle
and fashion statements of the day. This book could well have been written in Bengalee,
but I chose to write it in English, for in my research I found very few materials that
would satiate my personal thirst for ‘Baul knowledge’. The Internet is littered withmisinformation and sometimes travesties with some websites in particularly bad taste.
The recent controversies on the Baul ‘way of life’ that have cropped up unnecessarily is
because of the easy availability of unreliable materials suited best to solicit funds or
grants from Western donors to document Baul music and or produce movies, NOT to
advance the cause of our glorious ancestors – our Baul forefathers. While there is a
genuine interest about the Bauls in the West, I believe the best way to serve the
purpose of our glorious heritage is to explain Bauliana through the relevance and
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historical importance it has in our culture, in our way of life that has stridently risen
above the pettiness of communal strife, religious disharmony and xenophobia.
I am deeply indebted to the Late Mr.Enayetullah Khan Editor of HOLIDAY and Mr.Nurul
Kabir, the Editor of New Age for encouraging me to write my thoughts on the Bauls and
later serializing an abridged version of this book for eight weeks; to my friend and‘comrade-in-thoughts’ Barrister M.B.I Munshi for taking time to go through the
manuscript and writing the foreword to this book; to Shams Monowwar of InkMark for
publishing this book, my first in the English language; my wife the Late Nazreen Haque
Niboo for tolerating my life with the Baul’s and the exasperating periods of
unannounced disappearance; Tareque and Catherine Masud for introducing me to the
Late Sontosh Baul of Bhanga Faridpur; to Late Hiroo Shah the oldest Baul in Lalon’s
Shrine in Seuria, Kushtia, Baul Nadim Shah of Kushtia, Baul Latif Shah and Bimol Biswas
of Chuadanga, Baul Hashem Chisti of Dinajpur, the septuagenarian Baul Shah Abdul
Karim, his son Jalal Shah and Baul Roohi Thakur of Dhirai, Sunamgunj, Himangshu
Biswas, Tanbhir Tahlil Shipul and Harold Rasheed from Sylhet, Buno, Anusheh, Lubeek,
Nitu, Rajoo and Amit here in Dhaka for rocking Bangladesh with Baul fusion, and to my
son Dio Haque for his love and respect for the Bauls and what they stand for.
Maqsoodul Haque
Niketon, Dhaka,
23rd May 2007
http://bauliana.blogspot.com
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1. FAKIR LALON SHAH
For Bangladesh the year 1991 passed uneventfully in our willful exclusion of an epochal
event of historical significance. It was the death centenary of the agnostic sage Fakir
Lalon Shah, whose date of birth while a mystery, it is said that at the time of his
‘departure from planet earth’ - he was well over 100 years of age. In as much as proofsof physical dates, place of birth or his ‘religion’ is concerned, Lalon Shah remains
enigmatic and many mysteries surrounded him them, as much as they do now.
In Seuria, Kushtia, Bangladesh where Lalon Shah’s body was interned without any
religious ceremony, his legacy has been one of diabolical ignorance, a heritage of an
insane struggle to assign him either an Islamic identity by hard-line Islamist fanatics,
which lay directly in confrontation with the dominant city bred (then Kolkata in West
Bengal – Dhaka having evolved in importance much later) middle-class precepts of the ill
defined Hindu Brahminist supremacist ‘secular’ Bengalee culture; matters even till this
today remains complicated in the understanding of the great man and his vision.
Compounding more into the confusion are recent forays by local NGO’s propelled by
donors money to research the great sage, and the Baul way of life.
There were no fewer attempts to make a Hindu or Muslim out of Lalon as he lived and
the century since he died. The sage during his lifetime steadfastly repudiated any
attempts to be branded a ‘follower’ of an organized religion. Thus till this day for his
followers unwilling to infer religiosity on Lalon Shah, he is simply ‘Shai-ji’ and Bauliana is
no religion but a quest, in small insignificant ways, perhaps even a permissible way of
life. Lalon never believed in looking UP for inspiration, but inspired others to look within.
Where he was starkly different is he did not imply that looking within, meant worship or
the deification of one man alone – but MAN, any man - the creation of the omnipotentMaker.
The ingrained communal hatred espoused by extremists of both end of the spectrum,
stirred by no end of senseless debates as to whose “God” is the better or more
powerful, made a small yet significant part of the thinking population to move away
from the dichotomy of it all, and examine, identify and try to grasp the aspirations of
our ancient Baul heritage. The author of this series of essay is one among many. There
were valid reasons for these individual quests. The philosophy, poems or reading into
the life of Fakir Lalon Shah, a world class sage is absent in any Bangladesh educational
curriculum, while more banal, under-average personalities have been ‘respectably’accommodated.
In the absence of detailed accounts, verifiable or reliably published documentation
about him or of the times he lived in, and his entirely private, controversial and
secretive quest for a union with the Maker of the Universe, that went public with its
wide acceptance, it is not surprising that every aspect of his life has been up for scrutiny,
and the resultant curiosity have led to myths, half-truths and unfortunate fabrications
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about the message that he wished to convey, is what we are faced with today. Ironically
more than his message and its interpretation, the persona of Fakir Lalon Shah have
become of sole importance in serious study of Bauliana to many.
However even before we start discussing the Baul’s, a word of caution here: contrary to
popular misconceptions, synonymity with Lalon Shah, and inference to him being a Baul‘guru’ borders on middle class fascination for tokenistically tagging philosophical quests
of the marginalized, to a particular human ‘avatar’ over a period in time. The truth is
Baul’s existed hundreds, maybe thousands of years before Lalon Shah not only in
Bengal, indeed similar lifestyle and expressions can be identified in other parts of the
world. It is a rarely ‘advertised’ global concept of the alternative, and thus appropriate
that we have used the term “Bauliana” in context of these essays.
Music was the vehicle of Lalons’ message, and no matter how esoteric the contents
were, it never failed to find a ready audience as the natives of Bengal had a natural
inclination and talent for the art form. Together, Fakir Lalon Shah was exceptional in
that he personified what the Baul’s in the good old days ascribed as a ‘belief system’ and
this saw huge numbers flock in admiration of the great man. Lalon also gave a voice to
the Baul’s struggle in his poems set to music of the poorest of the poor, something that
was sadly lacking at the crossroad of our socio-political-spiritual struggle that started
hundreds of years ago. For Baul’s, Fakir Lalon Shah (as is the popular misconception
among urban enthusiasts) was never a ‘guru’, for they never needed one for they were
not a ‘community’ or clan, nor were they a mutual admiration society. To suggest any of
the above makes us question: Why then do Baul’s reject any ‘home’ greater than the
body that houses our unanchored and restless souls?
Rejection of the ‘inevitable self’ then, as much as it is today, as an extension to the‘inquiry of the self’ was never so obvious. Within the prevailing dogma it immediately
elevated anybody with a sense of mission and purpose, to a pedestal for worship. Quite
on the contrary Lalon Shah worshipped man in manners that did not subscribe to the
prevalent ‘hub and spoke’ notion i.e. Man on Earth and his ‘almost humanoid’
resembling Maker, trillions of kilometers up away in some celestial Heaven – where HE
apparently resides!
Removed from society, and in grief and tragedies Lalon Shah evolved: his depth came
not from wallowing on the periphery of mainstream beliefs, indeed his protracted
period of isolation forced upon by the dominant Muslim and Hindu clergy of the day,were harbingers for his immense understanding into the intricacies of life. Passing on his
Message to counter social and religious prejudices in the simplest of couplets for the
average person to understand was his mission. Life’s complex equations explained in the
simplest of term were his forte. It is therefore not unusual that the word ‘Fakir’
precedes his name, a title and a derivative from the Arabic word Fiqh meaning someone
who has acquired deep insight and knowledge through practice, patience, inquiry and
sacrifice.
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2. THE BAULS OF BENGAL
The attempts to render Baul’s to a farce has been unending, specially since the status
quo is one that has no temerity to understand or even delve deep into the minds and
works of Bengal’s folk philosophers who we have deliberately termed a 'subordinateculture' to overcome and satiate our inadequacies, our lack of basic knowledge, our
ingratiating and perverse sin in claiming to be ‘Masters’ of our own destiny.
To understand the Baul therefore, is to understand the state of nothingness associated
with his rejection, by which it is not to be construed, as a willing suspension of disbelief,
nor a reckless abandonment of responsibility or that of becoming inordinately fatalistic.
It is a living quest to go back to the dynamics of where it all began: to our infancy as
much as the first moments of creation. It is a quest we cannot undertake without some
prodding assistance, albeit to our well charted ‘roots’, if we have one? Clearly, life is a
blessed moment of procreation and an extension of the continuous cycle of Mother
Nature which rolls on over, when we know all too well, it is also a process that simply
cannot be rolled back.
It is in context of looking for meanings to living, versus that of death which is as an
instant, if not completely the end of reasoning, and the probabilities of a life devoid of
answers to the future and where it ultimately places us, is the harrowing spectre Man is
condemned to life in his living. This premise of not knowing where ‘everything’ if ever
ends is one that significantly dilates the implication and importance of NOW.
Birth is neither conditional nor a deviation, but an extension of Mother Nature’s
continuation. Like every child born, the nucleus entity ‘family’ bears charge for itsgrowth, nurturing and makes imminent strides into life and his/her ultimate acceptance
in society, which is indeed the creation of man. That is only part of the man made
equation half understood, and one we have no easier option but to live with, there are
yet many consequent travails in this journey called ‘life’, which cannot easily be guided
by any rationale at all, nor explained, with the most hazardous aspect: its
unpredictability.
The Baul philosophy of agnostic monotheism is therefore universal in its application and
not something that evolved in whimsical isolation. While we explore, understand and
appreciate the lifestyle of great minds who have too often moved away from groundednorms of life and living, to one of selflessly rejecting the status quo with great peril to
themselves like Fakir Lalon Shah, we are reminded of someone who gave up on the
richest of riches, an adoring society, palatial homes and a loving family, who turned
recluse, a hermit, not because he was ostracized – but by choice. He was Gautama
Buddha and his quest was for ‘Nirvana’.
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3. THE MYTH: ‘AFFECTED BY THE WIND’
Nature as we know it is exacting and when, how, and why we go against the natural
process and adopt deviant ways of life that we consider inherently ‘natural’ is mind-
boggling. Consider for example the breathing of an infant.
Nature has designed every human to be diaphragmatic breathers: observe any newborn
sleeping face up, steady rise and fall of the stomach – (and not the chest) punctuates its
breathing. Yet in less than the time it takes for an infant to sit up and warble a few
words, the entire breathing process is taken over by extreme pressure to the lungs?
Yoga taught us proper breathing thousands of years ago, but it is only recently that the
medical profession has seen its merit in treating cardiac and asthmatic patients and
relaxation exercises for mental well being.
This deliberation on breathing is essential in our real understanding after translation of
the word Baul, for ‘affected by the wind’ it may mean from its Sanskrit (some say
Persian) variant Batul, the underlying tragedy is the term has often been most rudely
conjured as ‘going mad’. The lampoon-isation as if, it were the lifestyle of a bunch of
lunatics with some insinuations even implying this, as the aftereffect of all the ‘wind’
consumed in chillums (bongs) full of ganja or marijuana, with the word Batil or ‘wasted’
only a continuation of Batul. It is only but fair to say that cannabis smoking was never a
part of the Baul creed (although many smoke it), with Lalon Shah cautioning (if not
condoning) his followers of its dangerous after effects.
What then is the ‘wind’ that the Baul’s believe in? One answer could well be ‘stop
breathing and find out’! In the trinity of earth, wind and fire that underlines
monotheism today, it is entirely a unique attribute of the Baul how he interprets Adam,the first ‘Man’ for our understanding. Apparently the Maker chose to breathe wind to
cool down the fireball he ejected from the Sun (Big Bang theory?) and send hurtling
down to the planet we have now inherited. Science confirms that rainfall and
precipitations continued for millions of leading to formation of what we call the planet
Earth. Yet the advent of first Man whom many will not reject in that it amounts to
rejection of ones owns existence is flawed, temporal and at the least unconvincing on
one basic premise: we have no clue if the ‘being’ was actually a humanoid?
Ilm-e-Tussawuf (commonly Sufism) connotes Adam as a fusion of two Persian words –
Aag (as in fire) and Dum (as in breathing). ‘Thinking life’ on the planet by somecalculation of the Maker had to be of the ‘breathing’ variety, to be of some
consequence, to appreciate existing and existence and this placed Man in a category far
removed from other ‘creatures’.
The Baul believes the Maker breathed life into all of us, and we are only but a
continuation of the force of that very first breath, the very first wind, and scientifically
‘first life’ was possibly an air-borne virus, trapped in the fiery dust debris that fell, cooled
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off and evolved underwater and went on to produce bacteria’s, cells, till it moved over
land, and what have we. Essentially we have no proof other than our instincts to
confirm any of the above speculations – scientific or otherwise.
Be that, life for the Baul is an extension of the ‘first wind’ and what we call SOUL that
charges our dynamo and keeps that infinitely complex vehicle called the BODY going.The body is synchronized not to hours, minutes or seconds that we calculate, but the
numbers of time we breathe in and breathe out and ironically how many times we may
do that in a lifetime is beyond scientific reasoning are ‘serious’ matters the Baul wishes
to reason with. Therefore every Man no matter his faith or ‘religion’ receives a Baul
farewell or so to speak, when obituaries read ‘he breathed his last’ or poignantly ‘he
passed away’.
Science’s quest is unending for it is a study of nature and what we say today in
agreement may well be doomed obsolete in the days ahead simply because nature
deemed it fit, with newer interpretations, led on by Man’s inquisitive discovery. One
therefore ought to stop and wonder if millennium adventures of looking for LIFE in Mars
are conditional on finding water, or the right WIND. ‘Life’ is a ‘wind’ and let us not blame
the Baul for pointing this out. If they have been ‘affected by the wind’ it is merely
because they have pointedly reminded us to our insane and mad rush to live life in
subterfuge - in hypocrisy. If this truth overwhelms any of us, let us pause and take a
deep breath!
4. SOUL: COMPLICATED SIMPLICITY VERSUS SIMPLICITY COMPLICATED
For the Baul a human body is a vessel: a potent vehicle for the omnipotent Soul. The
Soul again is energy, in description no different from what science offers i.e. it canneither be created nor destroyed. The Maker apparently fashioned the Soul after many
a trial and error, for he wanted to create a ‘superior life’ form that could replicate his
goodness and creativity on the one hand, and bestow powers of Mercy and
Benevolence on the other, a mission not ‘foretold’ in other life forms ahead of Man. It
had thus to be Man to sing the Glory of the unseen Maker, and the Baul among others
was born.
The Baul’s attest the process of creating the ‘ultimate creation’, saw the Maker inflicting
rigors of ‘fire and black smoke’ on the Soul for ‘forty thousand years’. This did not result
in the desired allegiance or gratefulness of the Soul to its Maker. Another spell of ‘tenthousand years’ followed, the difference this time around: the Soul were kept hungry,
and the denial of food apparently resulted in its unequivocal surrender to the Maker,
and the recognition of His infallibility.
Metaphorically juxtaposed, ‘thousands of years’ that it took for the ‘Soul’ to be roasted
in fire and smoke could well be ‘billions’ of man years, that science approximates is the
time the Earth underwent to cool down, and it is quite likely that fires smothered by rain
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and mists created ‘black smoke’. Long before the ‘Gregorian’ calendar or numerology
came to the earliest man, ‘thousands’ could well have been infinity, much as we stretch
out calculative imagination to nanometers today.
The Baul yearns to seek rationale in abysmally simple arguments by referring to nature,
about nature, through his intense probe. Man in his ignorance has made the entiregamut of first life and existence an unnecessarily complicated exercise. Because we do
not readily refer to answers available in nature to our questions, our complications stem
from a singular obsession of equating human nature or 'Man's nature' as a separate
entity outside of the natural process. Our alienation from nature, our Maker and the
'self' begins at this precise point.
More often than not, we end up creating ‘superhuman’ among men, fired with an ego
higher than the seven skies, and it is only when we come crashing down that our frailties
and limitations commensurate in such mindless quests of the ‘Self’, which we have
horribly mixed-up as being that of our Soul, results in portent attempts to belittle the
Maker, to deny his existence.
The denial of the Maker comes with the denial of the ‘self’’, almost like looking at a
Mirror, and trying to figure out our deflected reflection, a necessary aberration that we
consider ‘real’. We ‘live’ because we seem to have proof of the same, yet we have
decided to take ‘life’ as nothing beyond what our physical eye manifest, in what our
senses determine. We nonetheless superstitiously invoke ‘life’ into invisible beings that
our hallucinations conjure, things that go ‘bump in the night’. Our proof of our being is
only in our ability at seeing, yet there are thing unseen that our eyes and general
sensory organs seem unable to register. Things which appear under the gaze of
powerful microscopes in research laboratories, things like ‘mysterious particles’, whichremain the exclusive domain of specialists and scientists, but what about us – is a
question that is deliberately removed from the ‘self’ selflessly. Do we by mistake if ever,
use the faculty of our ‘third eye’, the eye of our nascent consciousness to reach
conclusive judgement, without being ridiculed as superstitious?
Where does the WE in all of us fit in, when the ‘I’ as such, is no more? What is the
motivation that drives us around a bend in an alley, when we more often do not know
where it leads? What made desert or sea voyagers in our glorious past, seek and find
fortunes in the unknown, at distances unthinkable? Is it instincts that leads us on, or is it
what we call rationales that decide events in our lives when so-called ‘empiricalevidence’ meanders and fall flat? If so, what then is ‘irrationality’ other than
conditionally suicidal attempts to condemn our yearnings for the Truth, by abusing what
is certainly alien in Man’s nature, his PRIDE, which again is only an extension of our
deeply held prejudices?
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The Baul believes that it is only in ignorance we have decided to step beyond what we
know, to go as far as to pilfer and adorn ourselves the apparel of PRIDE, unbeknownst
that it is the prerogative of the Maker, not Man.
5. HAWADOM: THE GUST AND MOTHER OF ALL WINDS
Since the Baul’s believed Adam evolved when the Maker breathed into fire, Eve in the
folklore and languages of South Asia, (Arabic, Persian, Hindi, Urdu or even Bengalee) is
‘Hawa’ or the WIND, the difference if at all is comprehensible when we translate the
term into English as a ‘gust of wind’! It is also worthwhile mentioning that Eve the
mother of all mankind is referred to as ‘Ma Hawa’ or the ‘Mother of Winds’ in common
cultural parlance, paradigm and usage. While the Baul interprets Adam as product of the
original ‘breath of life’ of the Maker, apparently a secondary and very long ‘gust of
wind’– ‘Hawa’ or Eve, possibly caused the planet to cool, condense, precipitate and
make ‘bearable’ conditions for an environment where life as we know it today, could
emerge, and for procreation to start in earnestness.
It is thus no mystery that wind is the infinite catalyst for all that is considered ‘forceful’
to initiate change, a gift of nature that bestows upon us, the blessed ideas of comfort,
peace and Mercy. Procreative conditions, they are bounties for Man, for the Wind carry
clouds laden with water, pollinate flowers and so on, as much as it is FREE, because
nature is inherently free with no ‘religion’ claiming to be its sole proprietor? Wind has
ways to reciprocate Man’s ingratitude by its action as a force of occasional destruction,
but thankfully we call these ‘storms’!
In the song ‘Hawadom’ (Seeking him in Wind and Breathe) composed by Fakir Lalon
Shah, the intricacies of creation, and the reference to fire as precursor to life isdiscussed semantically. For the uninitiated to Bauliana, this song has sometimes been
interpreted as seeking union with the Maker in the dom or puff of the marijuana herb,
with hawa meaning the smoke that enter and exits the chillum (bong) through Man.
While it is not our intention to dispute the many schools of thoughts in the Baul
pantheon, this analysis especially of the last two couplets followed by the signature line
of Lalon Shah seeks to go beyond the mundane. It is our belief that this is an inquiry
about Adam and Eve, with the pro-feminist Baul deliberately adding the name of Eve
before that of Adam in reverence. Since it is never in the interest of the Baul to preach,
we remind readers that this analysis is subjective and open to scrutiny and NOT to beconstrued as the ultimate truth, or the ultimate analysis.
Hawadomay dekho taray, tar ashol baina
Seek him in the wind and breathe, in advance, in full measures
kay banolo emon rong moholkhana
Who is it that created this colorful abode?
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The couplet sets the tone for the Baul quest of the Soul, devoid of physical attributes
that we ‘humanoids’ have inherited and ‘naturally’ latch on to, and further the debate
as to WHO created us in all our color, sound and fury. The search realistically is within
than without.
Man is ‘debatably’ superior to all other species on Earth because he has the capacity to
reason, analyze and these attributes leads him on to disseminate his thoughts through
his intellect and speech. The appreciation of the spirit of the living being in compassion
as a human attribute in its totality is underscored by use of the word ‘baina’ or an
‘advance’ as in commerce, more aptly an inference to universal conscience devoid of
any ‘strings attached’ to inconsequential earthly entities.
Commerce plays a significant part in the Baul and his interpretation of life, for it reminds
him that it is a debilitating and destabilizing force in the sustenance of the Soul, as it
invokes the acceptance of the foremost of human vice, Materialism. The condition by
which the Maker subjected the Soul to ‘thousands’ of years of hunger, is only to
reinforce the ideal that Man ought to share a collective bounty, and in as much as the
Wind and Sun is a free natural commodity, so is Food.
Contrary to popular misconceptions the Baul is no beggar. He is a roving minstrel for
rekindling, renewing, reviving and reminding a world gone astray that love and
compassion may have eluded Man, it has NOT the Maker. The beauty of the Baul’s
yearning and music are in questions they raise, and the answers we readily do not have,
nor do they themselves offer. To face up or question the Baul doctrine is to be humbled
into silence. It is a willful acceptance of fate accomplii, without being fatalistic.
Tampering with the food chain is a Sin like no other in Baul belief. The Baul agonizes that
Man has deemed it fit to doom food as a tool for oppression and exploitation, for gain.
Nature providentially guarantees food to every living organism on earth from the tiny
ant, to the birds in the sky, to the mighty elephant, to the whale in the ocean – as much
as it does to Man. Seeking answers about our food source determines existence through
‘wind and breathe’ and the analogy is to touch our Soul through that of Adam and Eve,
as in the ‘ashol’ or in full, all paid up measures, in total, unconditional supplication. No
jokes here about a half-empty or a half-full glass!
The rationale is as simple as saying ‘pay up or lose’; the difference being: Man is being
asked to pay an ‘advance’, a ‘baina’ for his Soul, since he has made it a habit of giving
importance to things that have price tags or ‘value additions’ and consider only those
‘worthwhile’. Since intangible values are rarely recognized: ‘fair enough’ says the Baul -
wisdom is not FREE either.
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Adam and Eve are not exclusive to creation and akin to the sustenance of life,
complimentary and conditional. Likewise in the human species while the Male is
condemned to a life in Labour, the Female is condemned to Labour in ‘bearing’ life, and
as civilizations move ahead and more women set out to labour and toil as much as the
Male, Adam’s may relate to all pains real or imagined of the Eve, he is ‘blessed’ NOT to
endure or feel the pain or the process of birth.
6. JOI GURU: FOOD, ‘BEGGING AND THE CURSE OF MATERIALISM
A parallel to the Baul belief is found in Buddhism, in the monk or the Bhikkhu, whose
penance is exemplified in his head bowed in humility, and in his grim routine of
‘begging’ for his meals. This again only at times he is not fasting – for in his fasting he
epitomizes his contribution to the food chain, ensuring that somewhere down the line
another Man does not go hungry.
Since every Man by Providence is guaranteed food for his survival no matter how
meager, and because the Maker of the Universe will not tolerate individual poverty as
the food supply has been evenly balanced out, the Baul in return for a ‘favor’ of a meal,
is thus, NOT expected to pray for ‘individuals’ that have fed him. His prayer in the chant
‘Joi Guru’ (Salutes AND Supplication to the Great God in You) is for all humanity, a
celebration that life and living prevails. The difference in other monotheistic faith and
agnostic monotheism of the Baul is in the act of giving willingly, and in the purpose of
sharing. For instance those that have ‘fed’ the Baul, there are no promises of a ‘blessed
life’ in the living, or ‘Heaven’ in the afterlife, but simply an acceptance that the cycle of
accommodation within the natural process, a continuation of justice that the Maker had
deemed fit – as much as nature demands; has been completed.
There is no denying that there is an underlying and atypical attribute of ‘commerce’
associated, as well as a perverse attempts by many to ‘bribe God’ to beg ‘Mercy’ for
ones tainted Soul, by offering a meal to the Bhikkhu, the beggar or the Baul? The truth
is, the critically tilted cycle of food balance is partially set right every time an offering of
food is made to the hungry; it is however never a permanent solution. The Baul seeks
his meal, goes hungry, feels the pangs of nothingness and sometimes sleeps with stones
tied to his stomach, just like animals and birds are forced to eat stones when they have
nothing else to feed themselves. His ‘gratefulness’ if at all, is only to the Maker who
created food in the first place which Man has willfully doctored it to a state of
unavailability.
In offering or the acceptance of food is proof that kindness and Mercy together with the
Maker survives and all praise is to him. Conversely, Man offers food to fellow Man,
without the basic understanding that he or she is repaying long overdue ‘dues’ as it
originally came FREE from the Maker. In feeding a Bhikkhu or a Baul therefore, Man
does no overt individual favor; all he does is ‘repay’ the Maker, and nature, what is
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rightfully the property of Man. He actually does himself a ‘favor’, for anything in the
world may be alms – not food.
7. ‘TRUE WORK’ ENERGY AND ‘BURNING WITHOUT FUEL’
For one, the Baul does not belong to an institutionalized clergy, nor has any need for ahome when the world as such is his home, with the sky his roof devoid of intrusive
pillars or columns, and his Soul the Monastery where his Maker the Guru resides and
sustains him. The Baul seeks the cleansing of the Soul of man, pointing out that we have
permitted injustice to creep in and taint our psyche, our Soul, to the extent of accepting
it as a natural attribute, and he poignantly explains all of it in few words of deep
philosophies, in matter of fact terms in his songs – in singing the glory of Man and his
Maker.
The Baul rules for Nature rules and the Maker rules. A continuation like no other that
affects the destiny of Man, the inappropriate ‘being’.
Bini telay jalai baati / Dekhtay jemon mukto moti
Burning a lamp without oil, it looks like a pearl
Jolonmoi tar choturbidhi / Modhyae taa na*
Burning in circular abandon, yet not in the center
*The word ‘thana’ is also sometimes used in some rendition of this song, meaning a
caged ‘lock-up’. The Baul query as to the placement of the Soul in the Makers scheme of
things is addressed in the above couplet.
No fire is as such possible without a fuel source to burn. In other words, a fire will burnas long as there is fuel: wood, coal, petroleum, gas - whatever. ‘Millennium Man’ will kill
his fellow Man, reduce him to a pauper, and enslave him, if ever the source of his
expendable energy is threatened. 'Bestialities' seeks to remind us that anything and
everything might have changed in 'modern' man, not his antiquated and barbarian
pursuit of war, for one singular obsession, ENERGY and his fear of a life without it. All of
this, despite the fact that Mother Earth has more 'untapped' energy resources in her
womb, than we have discovered or consume every single second. Herein lies the
perplexing gamut in the energy we extract for our use, and expend for our survival, in
contrast to the 'unseen' energy source in the human Soul. Whatever science may have
discovered, it has failed thus far to locate the epicenter of this huge reservoir, or breakdown the chemical composition of the 'force' in all of us, that keeps us going for our
times on Mother Earth - in our Soul the keeper of our consciousness, if we care to
recognize that we have one.
Understanding that Man is incapable of launching an 'exploratory mission' into the
depth of his Soul, the Baul predicted the species impending doom in our disrespect for
energy readily available, and that happened hundreds perhaps thousands of years ago.
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The 'fire' in all of us he explained is a fire that we are left with no choice, but admit as
un-superstitiously as possible, is one that defies man's extremely limited imagination to
fathom. An un-tradable commodity ENERGY therefore is the property of no country, no
nation, no color, creed or religion, but that of all Humanity - and just like, air, water and
food is deemed FREE. We are after all, only a part of what the Baul refers as 'lamps
without oil' that started the first fire. In the quest for truth the Baul says “there is nosuch thing as true word, or a true path or even the TRUTH. There is only one TRUTH and
that is TRUE work.”
What then is TRUE work?
The Maker and his creation where Man is only but one of trillions (?) of life forms is best
served in work which is TRUE. Ostensibly True work is to seek The Maker as in one,
because nature is as one, because the Earth is as one, because each one of us, are ONE -
from the ONE and same energy source. We have decided to break our oneness in our
contradictions based on individual schools of existence that leaves us deviated,
confused, and splintered even further, resulting in our consistent and immoral
fragmentation. Why? Because we allow our 'beliefs' to be based on 'proof' and 'truth' –
and what we do not see is what we do not believe: devoid from our thinking is many
'truths' over periods of time, no longer remain the truth, and newer truth’s are
inevitably 'discovered'! Fair enough - but let us not delude ourselves that in all the
contradictions we have, it is in the contradiction between existence and non-existence
lie the ultimate PROOF of all EXISTENCE. Would we really argue about things that does
not exist - is the only Baul question meant to humiliate us, to see us through, in our
idiosyncrasies.
Far from the TRUTH we all seek to rush into with a forlorn sense of obliquity, assessingthe worth of truth comes in labour that has primordial overtones of being of service,
assistance and its usefulness to Man, without conditions of deceit attached. In
deception to fellow man, we only deceive ourselves and nature. While we expect truth
to be 'as pristine and predictable' as the waking morning, we forget that, that for us is
Nature in its full bloom of TRUTH and one we can only behold, while we remain in our
'trial and error' retinue in the denial of nature. In as much as we try to make the best
out of the Makers bounties, nature is intrinsically ever forgiving to the mistakes we
make.
Let us have no reasons to doubt that for the Baul, TRUE work is not to be construed as'error free' work for that is impossible. He recognizes half in jest, two types in the
human species that do not make errors. The first is those that do not WORK, and the
other is one whose WORK it is to detect errors! More often it is people of the later
category that make the most unnecessary noise.
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8. THE LIGHT OF OUR ‘LIFE’
Each of us produces 'light' that we understand entirely personally. A Light we know that
can neither be ignited nor whiffed away, yet whenever we procrastinate with a deep
sense of humility, we discover that its is a humbling and inescapable circularity of the
ways things have been planned for all of us, a plan we have neither the ability topreview, pre-empt, preclude, predict, edit or worse even delete.
We however know for certainty that the most important moment for all of us is NOW.
What then is the composition of the Soul? On Energy, if one takes a close look at a pear-
like flame in a candle or an open lamp, the epicenter i.e., from where the fire emanates
is a pale blue yonder. The Baul says it is here, in the center of it all, within the fire,
where there is 'no fire' to the naked eyes, is where the 'Soul' of the fire exists. He
relates this to Man in that the Soul is energy within each man which burns and creates
the fire that keep him going, is also the energy that has to be nurtured to reach
salvation, to dissolve with the ways of the Maker, to attain Nirvana, which again, is not
‘attaining’ anything as such – but ‘shedding’ residues of complex ‘fossil fuels’ which over
the years have kept our ‘cravings’ rather than our souls alive, akin to occasional
cleansing of a car carburetor!
The ‘Breathe of God’ that caused a portion of the Sun to split and move beyond its axis,
solidify and then form a mass we call the EARTH, where 'life' first evolved, has
everything fashioned for one paramount eventuality, extermination. Since all we know
is fire burns with Energy, what we do not know or cannot accurately predict, is when
exactly does the 'gas tank' in all of us runs dry? Complicating all that we wish to predict,
we have no 'fuel tank meter' either - do we?
In his thinking realm Man can theoretically 'Move Mountains' or at least has invented
devices like nuclear bombs to make the Himalayas disappear at colossal peril to his
species. He has traveled to Moon, Mars is next on his 'invisible road map' - but never
ever do we hear about any undertaking to explore the SUN or 'land' on it. The Baul on
the other hand reminds us that we need not go 'exploring' anywhere beyond our own
bodies to appreciate that Energy in Man remains untapped, unexplored, undiscovered'
and 'un-landed'.
Let us hope that the next time we switch on an electrical bulb, or sport a mean pair of shades to protect the Sun's ultra violet ray off our eyes, that we do not get too
'philosophical'!
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9. THE WEIGHT OF THE SOUL – IN DISBELIEVING THE SEEING?
Til poriman jagay shey jay / Choddho roop tahari madjhay
Size no bigger then a grain, its disguised face at the epicenter
Kaanai shunay andhai dekhay / Nyangrar nachna
The deaf hear and the blind see the dance of the lame
As explained in the previous couplet, we do know what pearls mean to all of us: a semi
precious natural adornment. For the Baul in his quest is for 'sizes' of various things and
he does not use this metaphorically for any reason of ‘value’, but to relate grain for
grain the sand that caused its formation. It is not the sheer beauty or the 'worth' of the
pearl that awes the Baul, but its weight. He compares this to the size of the Soul and
concludes it is no bigger than the size of a 'til', a grain of pulse - perhaps smaller than
this [.] full stop.
Being less that the lowest scale of measure known to Man, the Baul implies the weight
and size of the Soul is quite the reverse of 'infinity' as we understand it, and till such
time we have 'conclusive', verifiable, scientific proof to this basic question, as opposed
to the various organs in our body, it only makes sense that we let the wisdom of the
Baul prevail. The 'disguised face (is) at the epicenter' is an apt reminder, that even if
Man is able to reach at the center of his own Energy reservoir, it might well be a limited
'discovery'.
He points us that perfect man with all his five sensory organs intact and a 'sixth'
unexplainable and intangible 'sixth sense' ought to study and figure out how the deaf
‘hear’ without their ears, the blind ‘see’ without their eyes and importantly the lame can
dance, and yet all three disadvantaged of human species can communicate, even as weseek their social ostracization, blaming the Maker for a 'defect' in their births.
Paradoxically it also seeks to lead us on to what most would not accept; the existing and
highly advanced sixth sense of the disadvantaged, which try as hard, may never be able
to acquire.
Man sins again, a SIN most repulsive and revolting for the Baul, for he wishes to know,
how many among us can actively seek 'friendship' of a deaf, a dumb, a blind or a lame?
Isn't our ‘love’ for them a demonstration of our pity, which only seeks to degrade the
Soul in them? Yet, how these very brave spirits survive their times on Mother Earth
without our 'support' or patronization - if only and purely by a full understanding,exploitation and use of the 'sixth sense', that we have decided to rubbish as non-
existent and 'pure figments of the imagination' is where Man fails, but not the Baul. Our
disregard for the disadvantaged is disregard and disrespect for our Maker is the analysis
of the Baul.
This leads us to be cursed by blindness even though we have the faculties of our vision
intact, dangerously mis-communicate even when our gift of speech survives, and while
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our feet take us more miles than the lame, we are unable to ever arrive at a destination
more beautiful than where the Makers 'Heaven' is only comparable with the mythical
Shangri La of the movies.
The Universal Quest of the Baul is no myth, for Heaven and Hell are conditional to a
'journey' that we will never hazard if we can avoid it. Despite the 'paradise' Heavenoffers, or the Brimstones that await us in Hell, we are so inherently fearful of the
unknown, that much as we would savor Heaven if we can afford it, none of us would
quite consider a journey to Hell, even to check out if there is so much as the TRUTH. In
all that we have been conditioned to believe in our lifetimes, in his rejection the Baul
will however take this journey, as to him it is the natural thing, for Heaven and Hell if
they at all exist, cannot be something alien to Nature - even as Man through his
irresponsibility has certainly become one.
10. SHAH: THE ‘REGAL’ LAMP
As much as unthinking people have tried in vain to find out who Fakir Lalon Shah was,
where he appeared from, or his faith, creed and 'religion', what cannot and should not
pass any of us by, is our curiosity have all been focused about the 'man' and not what he
stood for, or wanted to share as a complete, yet simple vision of faith for our
understanding.
Word for word, couplet for couplet Lalon, embedded gems in his compositions, for all of
us to contemplate, mediate and find our individual answers. True work is in deciphering
not just the 'song' that a lot of musicologist and pundits have tried a wide brush-over, or
'urbanize' to remove their 'frugal rural rusticity', but more the implication of each and
every individual word that were subtly crafted in his masterpieces, is where the quest ishoned in.
Jage uthachay ei roop mohol / na jaani tar roop ti kyamon
This abode of beauty has arisen, wonder what its beauty is like
Shiraj Shai koi nai ray Lalon/ tar tulona
Shiraj Shai tells Lalon, there is no comparison
In the above couplet, one is left only to behold the beauty of the abode that the Maker
has created for us, with the human body, or Man being at its epicenter, only part of a
story understood, a half truth if we may. It is in the signature line, where Lalon closesthe song is where some answers, perhaps only a portion of the truth and not the entire
truth is revealed.
In the first part of this series of essays we have dwelt in length about the term 'Fakir' -
yet until now we have deliberately refrained from explaining what the term 'Shah' or
'Shai-ji' in the Baul's colloquial Bengalee usage means. There is nothing deeply mystical
or mysterious about it.
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'Shah' translated from Arabic or Persian means 'regal' or those worthy of the respect of
a King. Whether it is by his deeds or actions or in the lifestyle and attitude he wished
others to inculcate, or the lives he touched in his times as much as they do to this day,
Fakir Lalon Shah was truly a King amongst men, nay an Emperor. The word Lalon on the
other hand in Bengalee means 'caring', an Emperor, who’s Empire, was the Makersuniverse, his 'wealth', the unsurpassed sense of caring and compassion for fellow Man
who he worshipped as God.
In closing this chapter, it is worthwhile to say a few pertinent words about 'somebody'
that Lalon Shah consistently referred to as 'Shiraj Shai' in most of his compositions.
There have been debates and controversies that Fakir Lalon Shah was a disciple of a
Guru by the same name. Yet there appears to be no historical or scientific evidence
among researchers to confirm the physical existence of any one man by the name of
'Shiraj Shai' from Harishpur, Harinakundu in Jessore where it is thought he lived. One
analysis we humbly submit to our readers probably lies in reflecting on the meaning of
the word ‘Shiraj’.
In Arabic and Persian among the many meanings attested to the word is 'lamp',
therefore in all probability, 'Shiraj Shai' could very well have been, the 'Regal Lamp' - the
Maker. The God of the agnostic Fakir Lalon Shah, had deliberately to be coined in order
it to make it meaningful, and to rise about the pettiness of organized Gods of 'religions'
whose disciples had in the course of Bengal's history, thanks to British Imperialism,
deviated and begun quarreling, as to the 'superiority' of their individual Gods. In any
event the Maker knows best, and the TRUTH as the Baul knows all too well, is best not
arrived at or revealed. Let the Regal Lamp and Light in all of us 'burn' nonetheless.
12. THE BAUL GURU: EXTELLIGENCE OVER INTELLIGENCE
To understand the Guru is to step back to a time capsule of at least 300 years or more
and try to appreciate how life was then. Trapped in our millennium lifestyle of speed,
technology with its associated ease, our imaginations simply cannot comprehend a
scenario of how things revolved around realities where one had no electricity, no cars,
no means of traveling anywhere other that walking, by bullock carts or a country boat
that would take days to reach ones destination, and what we see is a bleak picture of
rural Bengal. Yet on the flip side, we have been regaled by tales of great men of wisdom
or miracles, of teachers, Murshids, Pirs and yes the Guru.
Men and women would traverse the length and breath of Bengal only to catch a glimpse
of these great men, seek their counsel, learn a few prayers, get a talisman or two, or
‘pure water’ with the ‘breathe’ of the sages ‘powerful’ prayer to rejuvenate themselves
or the ailing or dying back home. People went to these seats of learning only to receive
‘salvation’ of one form or the other, and it is not inappropriate to point out that then, as
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even today, a society reeking with superstition was prone to exploitation, and those
vulnerable, were easy prey.
What set these ‘great’ men apart from the rest and ‘capital’ used to conduct their
business, was ‘intelligence’, which they actually misused to offer solutions for those
ailing in ‘spiritual’, if not physical health. Crudely they had more in common withmillennium psychoanalyst or even psychiatrists. The talisman that seemingly exorcised
the ‘devils’ could well have been any inanimate object of no real scientific or spiritual
value, and ‘pure water’ mere placebos that too often worked just by sheer coincidence
or by accident – if they worked at all!
In any case the above observation is not in anyway meant to belittle the herbalist or
Kabiraaj or Ayurveda specialist of our rich heritage of folklore medicine whose
treatment and care of patients were then as is now, based on closely working,
scrutinizing, experimenting and applying scientific judgments on patients, which have
lived through ages and will continue to live-indeed will grow from strength to strength.
The focus of this chapter in this series of essay is to seek an insight into what it was that
sent people thronging to men and women with ‘great intelligence’ centuries ago when it
was the Soul of man that was tormented and needed answers that were not
forthcoming? Let us put this across as aptly as we possibly can that the search for ones
Soul is never as a result of any loss or gain. It is only to rediscover what was always
there, and can best be described as a ‘rebirth’ in ones life, although in extent and
purpose it still fails to capture the quest for Bauliana – for as we mentioned earlier it is
more about ‘shedding’ – not acquiring.
The forever-curious Baul looked at ‘intelligence’ as an internal and selfish quest forknowledge to be used as a weapon for exploitation, for gain. They believed that the
‘intelligent’ would use their knowledge-base to weaken and not encourage the spirit, by
histrionic tales of the omnipotent Maker being a ‘fearfully notorious entity’, whose
advantage was in punishing and avenging the ills of man. Compassion and Mercy were
attributes that were ruefully excluded from the Maker.
The ‘formula’ for appeasement of the Maker therefore, had to be ‘strictly’ as prescribed
by the TRUTH these ancient scamsters upheld while they imitated cultural components
in the quest of the Bauls, specially in forceful use of Music, which we had mentioned
earlier, the natives of Bengal had a natural inclination to appreciate and understand. Letus call this 17th century infotainment for easier understanding!
For the Baul, intelligence just like any other intangible commodity was again a natural
attribute that all Man is blessed with, a gift from nature, and is free till such time Man
wishes to doctor it to a farce. It was the Bauls that perhaps raised the demands for free
education as a birth right of all Man, and what we now call human rights? ‘True work’ is
in educating and education, and no matter how obscure or ill defined that may be, the
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Baul again is no ‘educator’ - he is a pointer, promoter and a referrer to sources of
education readily available in nature; ones that have stood the tests of times, because
they contributed to benefit Mankind.
For application of education to be of any use, the Baul insists on a practical ‘each Man
for himself or herself’ approach, tapping into the radiating aura of the Makers ‘light’that is picked up by the our extra sensory organs which is not to be confused with extra
sensory perception, for perceptions are never reality in the first place, but mirages that
we may seek and never find, unless they are grounded and relate to verifiable real life
examples.
Real examples are based on agreed and accounted premises of rationales, with
irrational quest’s being a time worn domain of the occult, of abject magicians with
words and not deeds. The Baul provided an alternative direction towards the TRUTH if
not the complete truth and he insists on picking up external stimuli’s provided by our
sources of conscience, deep within every one of us, in our Extelligence, which is a
product of sharing.
The process is like polishing a mirror; no matter how bright they appear, or however we
look gazing at it, our urge is always to keep it ever more ‘dazzling’, for in our use of the
same over time, we see new ‘fogs’ appearing to disturb and distract us. The Soul in Man
is as such a ‘commodity’ that needs constant attention, to keep it sharp, focused, agile
and dexterous. Since it is supple in its basic character, it bends at will in distractions that
come together with these natural stimuli’s, and a sieving of the accumulated residues to
leave only the best at the top - is the Bauls ultimate quest.
The Baul Guru therefore is no Man, but the Maker in each and every Man, and it is howwe approach our faculties associated with cultivating knowledge, is the difference in the
Guru that the Baul reveres and ones the charlatans have made a practice to exploit his
fellow Man. The sore bone of contentions that have ravaged the minds and thinking of
evolving thought processes in Bengal however continues unabated even among the
different schools of thoughts of the Bauls.
To equate the Guru to that of the Maker is Sin in the Baul pantheon, for possibilities of
arrogance and subterfuge have appeared, with damming ramification to Mankind. Let
us be reminded of the Pharaohs, long before monotheism came about.
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12. THE BAUL TRINITY: WHERE WIND IS A FOREGONE CONCLUSION
Jolay stholay ognikunday / Moron nai Tar kono Kalay
In Water, Earth or Fire, Death never touches him
In the songs called Gurur Bhab (the Guru’s aura) which was composed by an anonymousBaul and some researchers attest is about five hundred years old, the first two couplets
stirringly reinforces that unlike other monotheistic beliefs where Earth, Wind and Fire is
considered the trinity of life and conception, the Bauls trinity stands at odd, in his belief
that it is Water, Earth and Fire and NOT Wind – which he conjoins with all three
elements.
‘Affected by the Wind’ the Baul is partial to the first ‘breathe’ and the first ‘gust of Wind’
is reinforced not only by a spiritual but scientific deduction i.e. if FIRE is considered the
destroyer, it also needs the WIND to survive or to destroy? The omnipotence of Hawa or
Eve as we have argued in previous chapters is far more superior to that of Adam, for
without wind, Fire as such would not have cooled and Earth and Life could not have
evolved.
13: OF BHOB AND BHAB: THE AURA OF ENLIGHTMENT AND POWER OF SILENCE
Gurur Bhab dhoray jay Boshay achhi/ Choron Dhoray
Catching the aura of the Maker, I sit holding his feet
Gurur Naam niya jay boshay aachi / Nirob hoye
With the name of the Maker in my lips, I sit in sealed silence
The Bengalee word Bhob is a colloquially shortened version of the word Bhubon or theUniverse, whereas Bhab implies an aura of achievable enlightenment, an attitude of
perfunctory ease and calm associated in approaching the Spirit and Soul of Man i.e. inter
alia the Maker.
The above couplet therefore relates to the calm and serenity of those in meditation, in
prayer, in contemplation of the self without the self (as in selfish), in Silence, the most
humbling of all human virtues, and isolation a prerequisite in the search and
understanding of the ‘known unknown’. Man makes strides when he cuts off life and
living from his species and melts into nature. Great wisdom and enlightenment after
protracted periods of isolation have seen Minds evolve for the benefit of Mankind.
Their being no absolutism in the Baul doctrine; other than in reasoning that every Man
is capable of reaching the highest state of enlightenment if there is will, determination,
patience and hard work to ‘touch’ the light that beckons each of us with no disparity at
least on part of the Maker. The ‘beacon’ of the Maker is neither set nor focused at any
one individual at any one time, but an aura that is equal in ‘measures’ and proportion to
all of Mankind.
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In a nutshell the Baul argues if Bhob were the lamp, the aura of light it radiates is Bhab,
the trick is in not in willfully complicating either of the two, for both are again
conditional and complimentary. Bhab is not to be confused with the Halo, indeed it is
quite the antithesis of such ‘adornments’.
14. BAUL MEDITATION: FROM THINKING NOTHING TO THINKING SOMETHING
Although a state of nothingness or ‘think nothing’ is associated in most meditative
practices worldwide, it takes only but a few rude seconds for the mind to deviate and
move and lead it askew to worldly matters. The associated problem: to have a blank
mind is as useless as having a blank hard disk in a computer, and it is best that we load
‘programs’ into our minds with thought process ‘software’s’ that leads to justifiable
‘search’, with the end result, that it will lead us on to working under circumstances and
an environment where we do not have ‘virus’ or ‘worms’ either hanging or deleting files
in our brains i.e. the mind’s CPU – or we to be proven wrong yet again?
So what is it that we can think to get us to a state of ‘no thinking’ thinking?
Jyamon Maye Jaanay Cheler Ador/ Oray Mon Ojana baloker kaalay
Only a Mother knows how much she adored you son/ O Spirit of Your unknown infancy
Shei Roop Guru Jaanay Shishwer ador/ Monay Monay mishalyeelay
The Maker knows the love of his seekers, if you seek him in Your Spirit
As we had said earlier, what is unknown to us and not to our physical creator our
Mother, the Eve, is the love and care that went behind our upbringing. Life to re-amplify
is a blessed moment of procreation that we simply cannot roll back. The Spirit thatreigns within us during infancy and exactly when do we come to a realization as living,
breathing, eating, walking beings capable of having our own strains of thinking and
prejudices is unknown.
It is the Bauls belief to seek and return to that perfectly blissful state of ‘nothingness’,
when our manifest physical self as we come to understand it after ‘understanding’ has
grasped us, and sometime numbs us into semi consciousness, and often takes an unfair
toll, is one that ideally should be assigned the back seat.
It is only in delving deep into actions of the highly disadvantaged Spirit that came withus and the actions of our Mothers, who cared for us and reared us to what we are
today, may lead us to some ‘clues’ to our Maker if not ‘answers’. The importance the
Baul attaches to procreation is underscored. The Maker’s love for Mankind likewise can
only be understood in seeking him within the Spirit.
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15. THE MYTH BEHIND THE ‘STRAIGHT PATH’
Jyamon Pakhi Koray Daaley Basha / Baduray to daalaye jhulay
Like Birds build nests’ in branches / Bats hang on branches
Shei Roop Moner Nirik Thik Na hoilaye / Dal bhangiya Porbi sheshay
if the aim of your Spirit wavers / The branches will break and YOU will fall with it too
The concluding couplet in the composition draws the analogy of birds and bats, while
both are ‘creatures of the Wind’, the use of branches in trees by both species is however
dissimilar. While birds build their nest on branches assured of its strength to carry its
own weight and that of its roosting infants, the Bat on the other hand uses it solely for
the purpose of hanging. Objectively what is referred here is whatever may be the
‘reason’ for ones action it does not imply necessary agreement in use and applications
of another way of life, although the implemented conclusions may just be the same. It is
like case of a Knife: whereas a robber may kill somebody by its misuse, a medical
surgeon may use the same to save a life. The fault lies not in the knife, but in its use or
abuse by Man.
Metaphorically the branch therefore is not a monophonic entity, rather it’s varied used
by both Birds and Bats is symbolic of the direction that leads on to the so-called ‘straight
path’ that seems to be an ideology among branches of monotheism. The confusions of
the ‘straight path’ comes when we imply it being a ‘straight line’ i.e. we fail to realise
that what may be LEFT for one, may well be RIGHT for the other and probably explains
why we discovered ‘dividers’ to regulate vehicular traffic!
The Baul does not reject the ‘straight path’ per se, it his interpretation that sets him
apart, for they are based on scientific premises not emotions or unreasonablereasoning. A ‘path’ if at all he argues, can only be arrived at, if all ends of the spectrum,
the entire canopy that we live under is understood. In other words, ‘blind’ submission to
‘faith’ without using the faculties of reasons may lead one astray. The straight path is
assigned in the center, and as much as the creator has blessed us with two of most
sensory organs, all are fashioned and designed to work in complimentary conditions.
Let us put you through a Baul tests – please read this article with either of your eyes
closed and see where they are focused?
Our focus and direction in reading this essay, in other words the center and theSTRAIGHT path can only be arrived with both our eyes wide open! To reach to the Spirit
of the Maker and be blessed in his enlightenment one thus has to exercise both sides in
the faculty of the cerebral organ we call the brain, to have the third eye of our
conscience to OPEN and be of any practical use to us. The Straight path lies in allowing
our sense of judgment to be weighed by all options and not allow prejudices or
absolutism of any kind to cloud our thinking process.
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16. MESSAGES: FROM PROPHETS TO POETS AND TO THE PUBLIC
The Bauls believe like other monotheist that the messages of all Prophets, which came
from the Maker, needed dissemination to the public at large if this could be of benefit to
Mankind. More that counting rosaries with our fingers, or parroting the ‘holy books’ wehad safely tucked in our homes away from anybody’s reach but the select ‘faithful’
among us, who apparently ‘understand’ its texts, we have reduced them to non-entities
in our willful neglect. It was perhaps the will of the Maker that Man in the Natural world
be guided in methodology easier and useful to reach, and not by means where ‘fear’ is
the key to the discovery and appreciation of the Omnipotent or the Omnipresent.
Among those suited to deliver Messages and undertake this responsibility of great
acumen, were Poets, for they had the ability and talent to introspect and arrive at
deliverable conclusions and make clarifications at the shortest possible time. This was
long before the radio had been invented, and there were no other avenues available
other than word of mouth. They combined poesy with music, as mere recitation or
incantations could affordably not interest anyone. Bards and rural minstrels were the
Poets of the time, who traveled on foot, on bullock carts and boats, carrying the Makers
message in their hearts and in their songs.
With his simplistic Ektaara (one string pitch instrument) to signify the one Maker of
Mankind, and the Baaya (meaning a left handed bass drum, strung to the waist, to keep
time and rhythm) he was a one man band who could move faster with the message than
anybody else. Other that his minimalist musical talents, he was usually a singer of some
repute, his competence as a Poet, who could compose at will at any location, and pass
on a message as and when it crossed his mind was his forte. His acceptability came fromhis instant streaks of wisdom as he was more attuned with Nature than most else.
In Bengal’s tradition of Kobi Loraai (or Poet-Bard duels) that lasted all night-long and
sometimes continued for days, challenges were thrown, and theological debates
interspersed with music, left everybody in states of mixed emotions from euphoria,
humor, and anger to tears. To this day most couplets are composed impromptu and in
the heat of ‘battles’ of the village Poets, fascinating arguments usually leaves the
uninitiated to the phenomenon at a complete loss in wonderment. So powerful and
intense is the display of Extelligence of those we consider rustic, frugal and not worthy
of our urbanized ‘respect’, that benign respects overpowers us into submission andhelps us relate and appreciate many unanswered questions in our quest for Bauliana.
Let us make no mistake here that Bauliana is not a quest that is so fragile that it can not
survive the spirit of inquiry. Blind faith is prejudicial faith, and the Baul is not afraid if he
is ever challenged, for he has always been respectful to differing opinions, and believed
in Democracy, free speech and expression, even before these now ‘holistic’ terms were
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invented! He never believed that what he said was the truth and his only yearning was
for WORK that was true.
As time moved on, and life reached a pitch in its sheer speed, attention span in humans
faltered. On the other hand a constant reeling back and forth in this esoteric exercise of
keeping the mind thoroughly engaged on thoughts ONLY of ‘messages’ from the Makerin relation to Man i.e. life could well….become very boring to say the least! With the
struggle for daily survival in rural Bengal, our denizens of yore simply could not afford
this ‘luxury’, especially when putting a square meal for the consumption of the family at
the end of the day was a priority that overtook all else. It is thus not unusual that most
Baul compositions have references to, or have pointers based on what we may term in
today’s context: ‘market dynamics‘.
Much as society moved away from a collective cooperative spirit of survival, to a vulgar
‘perform or perish’ preponderance towards materialism, the compositions were thus
designed to cater to those with a ‘cursed sense of simplicity’, a reminder that life and
living is going through spins of extremities where more often, exploitations were as a
direct result of ‘intelligent’ humans spreading the tentacles of hate, divisions and willful
yet deceitful capture, nay stealing of others wealth, whether material or immaterial is
not important here.
A new set of filter down institutionalized hierarchy of Oppression of the British
imperialist had made their presence felt in the tyrant class of Zamindars, (landlords)
Jotedars (lackeys of landlords) to the village Muttabors (arbitrators, in other words
‘know all-ers’, read village head man) not to forget the sacrosanct Mullahs (Islamic
clerics) or the Puroheets (Brahmin priest’s) who gave a ‘spiritual angle’ to exonerate the
injustice they skillfully perpetrated.
The Bauls were then as to this day, the butt of ridicule and rancor, as they had the
ability to see through the charades being perpetrated on the innocent, all in the name
of religions and its many Gods. For the poor and marginalised it was the power of the
Spirit, which had to be revived and rejuvenated to fight Oppression in all its forms. Let
us be clear; Bauliana remains a socio-political-cultural struggle, with its only ‘weapon’
the Spirit of Man and its latent power to overcome all extremities, that sometimes
capitulated to limited calamities, but never bowed its head in defeat. “To resist is to
WIN” has always been the Baul credo.
It is in such complex situations that the Bauls reminded its audience that only when we
juxtapose examples in nature in relation to the Makers plans and schemes of things,
would anybody be able to overcome the serious odds that seemed to challenge rural
Bengal.
The quest for Bauliana today is no different, for it is a revolt against the hackneyed
order of medieval thought processes, permeating and afflicting the sensibilities of Man,
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in its unflinching brutalization of fellow Man. It becomes all the more important that we
stop and ponder, because all Wars today, all conflicts, all our anger to fellow Man, is
directed NOT because we disagree on fundamentals of the Maker, but because we have
allowed ourselves to be conducted on implied Superiority or Inferiority of our respective
‘Gods’.
We never hear of any attempts anywhere in the world about a ‘Consensus on God’
while we hear about ‘clashes among civilizations or religions’ when civilization is nothing
more that an extension of hate, for whatever we may have inherited, we have failed in
inheriting a civilization of ‘good’ as we go looking for ‘Axis of Evils’ – which allows only
the devil and not Man to smile.
The Maker knows best.
17. MURSHID: FROM TERRIRORIAL EXTELLIGENCE TO TEMPORAL TREPIDATIONS
The word Murshid in Arabic means a guide. Bauls from the Sufi order used the term in
great reverence to his other ‘religionist’ and in its reference or application is no different
in concept or usage the term Guru i.e. Maker. Bauls predicted that Man would vulgarize
the Maker by sticking strictly to terms espoused by ‘religions’, which causes its usual
biases and leaves one disillusioned, and entrapped within limited spheres and
parameters of understanding or appreciation of the Supreme Being.
Lets us therefore examine the concept of the Murshid in the song ‘Becha Kena’ (Buying
and Selling) which was composed by an anonymous Baul.
Keho Koray becha kena / kehoi kanday
Some buy and sell, while some sit and cry
Rastai poray dhorbi jodi taray / cholo Murshid er bajaaray
If you seek to catch up with him in his path / go look for him in the ‘market’ of the
Murshid
In the above couplet the thrust of the composition is aimed at those Souls who we
referred earlier, have a ‘cursed sense of simplicity’. The paradox of ‘trade’ where some
perform and others perish, where the simpleton is left to only bask in tears is succinctly
addressed.
Simplicity is a human trait that does not always exemplify being humble. An excess of it
is often considered Stupidity, and it is drawing the fine line between what it means to be
humble as opposed to being arrogant or haughty; i.e. the balance of the omniscient
‘center’ that we addressed in the previous chapter, one not defined by any ‘territorial’
consideration but freely available as open source references, in the reservoir of our
Spirit, is one that needs reawakening. No book of knowledge as such has a ‘number’
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value attached. It is only when we decide to give it an aura of ‘holiness’ to TRADE on
knowledge, without going through its contents or trying to understand or share with
others - is when we curse ourselves. The second line however extols the virtues of a
spiritual quest and to understand and use ‘Market dynamics ’ for finding the Murshid ‘in
the market’ is in the spirit of sarcasm, as those who seek the Maker, also in some
roundabout ways expect most unfairly, some form of ‘material gains’ for their search.
18. BREAKING FREE: DEMYSTIFYING THE ‘HOME’ IN OUR MIND
Phuler bonae-ay acchay kaata / moner ghoray chabi ata
Flowers in the jungle have thorn / and the key is stuck to the ‘home’ in your mind
Bhangtay hobay ghorere chaabi / khujbi jodi taaray
Break the key of ‘home’ / if you go seeking him
The quest for Bauliana is never to expect a fine-line or perfect ease in seeking and
searching the Maker in Man, in our Soul. Far from it, the quest is to break free and
relate to what we call our ‘own’ as opposed to what is the ‘we’ in all of ‘us’. It is not a
very complicated equation if we take the ‘Flower in the jungle have thorns’ metaphor.
It is however a torturous quest in its rigor, and not meant for the feint hearted. Let us
face it, the Maker in the grandeur of all beings has created each and every species to
acquire an in-built defensive mechanism; Nature as such is predatory if not ‘territorial’.
For example the best of roses anywhere in the world have thorns, and it is Natures
predisposition that they are what they are, for Man would not be respectful to flowers
without them (thorns). If it were not the disadvantage of being pricked by a few thorns,
man would perhaps pillage all rose plants and drive it to extinction. For most flowers,
thorns are its natural defense. While Man would carefully pluck it, and trade them forprofit, animals conversely would not eat them? The thorns in many flowers make it
impossible for them to either chew or digest the same, yet at the same time some
animals live on nothing else but thorny plants. Does it mean animals do not have a
sense of appreciation of beauty? Of course they do, the difference is only marginal.
Animals do not ‘consume’ beauty, but man will not bat an eyelid to ravage it.
‘Breaking the key of ‘home’’ aptly reminds us that what we call ‘home’ is actually the
selfish pursuit of the ‘I’, the key of which has to be broken to achieve salvation. Our
‘homes’ as we know and use it, are territorial entities, which we have designed to keep
predators off our perimeters – and the predator is not animal but ironically man. A‘Mind’ that lives in such a ‘home’ is a mind cursed to no salvation, no mercy of the
Maker, for his mind is not set to accept anything that does not satiate the ‘I’.
For the Baul the state of mind that can reach the highest level of consciousness is one
removed from mundane routines, to moving to a state of being in constant contact with
the element, with nature in all its bliss and vagaries.
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Katar ghaye ongyo ray tor / jai jodi jar jar
If thorns ravage your body/ into shreds
Thakish na are boshay boshay / pother darey
Don’t waste your time / on the wayside
No Man on the planet is one devoid of worries or hardship. Material gains do notguarantee salvation of the Soul, for what is tormented more than the body is the Mind,
and there are no artificial balms available to cure a sick mind. Whenever a soul is
ravaged it is an individual, not a collective experience. When it ‘breaks’, nobody is
around to pick up the pieces.
The above couplet signifies the optimism that Bauls wishes to inculcate as a creed in
Man. Pessimism has no standing in the Baul pantheons, for it is a form of negativity that
only comes with doubts. Doubts brews from suspicion, from mistrust – and in the final
equation, an element of TRUST (preferably on the Maker if not Man) is desirable for the
Soul to find its anchor inside Mans turbulence.
Murshid-er ii naam ti dhoro / Nijer Iman ojon Koro
Recant the name of your Murshid/ and weigh the options of you Soul
Bismillah kay chapa rakhoy / hripinder bhitoray
Preserve the name of Allah / deep in your conscience
The above couplet once again reminds us that a remembrance of the Maker and
weighing the option of our belief be the fundamental in the quest for Bauliana.
If it is the name of Allah for a Muslim that gives him peace, or be it the only name of the
Maker he knows, he is urged to keep it suppressed ‘deep’ in his ‘conscience’. In otherwords this is a prerogative of a Muslim, which other ‘religionist’ may or may not attest
to. Bauliana as opposed to other forms of monotheism is a purely private and individual
pursuit of the Maker, devoid of symbolism, rituals or acceptability. Notice the great
sensitivity attached to practicing agnosticism, for the name of Allah used irresponsibly
would only create situations of friction, especially when the Bedounist extremists as
much as the Brahmins had decreed that Bauls were revisionist to their respective ‘faith’,
and were atheists in disguise.
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CONCLUDING ESSAY: ‘ESSENCE MAN’ AN UNPHILOSOPHICAL ENQUIRY
For millions of year man lived like beasts - then something important happened - he
started to talk, and instantly his imagination, both individual and collective wastriggered, that led on to what we have inherited today, a communicative world. A world
where man, even the deaf and the dumb have a mean of communication with his fellow
man, a world where a blind, though not witnessing the events around him can still have
a clear perception as to his environment. The exact year when man learnt to talk is not
known, however as he talked, he also made great strides that led on to civilizations,
society, philosophies, culture, commerce - indeed all that we hold dearest to our heart
at the close of this century, are all products of mans collective imagination.
The ability to talk or power of speech, offered its own strength and opportunities in
mans development, much as it also had weaknesses and threats. Improper
communication of thoughts, philosophies created misunderstanding and tensions that
perhaps led on to the first human conflict and wars. Nothing more mysterious, more
unexplained remained in man, than his mind - and once the mind started acting - i.e.
thinking, man grew conscious as to his immediate needs. What came first - man or his
mind is as debatable as the hen or egg! Survival perhaps figured most prominently in
mans first list of priorities. Man learnt to survive natural extremities - wild beast that
preyed on man for food, illness, hunger and whatever else you want to add to that list.
Survival meant fighting all odds so man learnt how to survive without a teacher, without
a guideline. The survival instinct came naturally to man. Nature was his greatest
teacher, his greatest friend and philosopher. He probably learnt how to fight from
beasts as he did not consider himself any different than beasts, other than his ability totalk. He took lessons and passed it on to his fellow man, a simple process that over years
created experts with skills. Expertise led on to collective replication, duplication and
improvisations. Improvisation led to many ideas being condemned of being obsolete
and discarded. New ideas evolved - man discovered competition. Man moved on.
Creativity charged mans imagination and led on to inventions to make life a lot simpler
and easier. Man became conscious that he is condemned to a life of hard labour -
whether physical or mental. He wanted to change his environment, to make labour
more easily, more pleasurable. The pursuit of pleasure has always been mans greatest
vice. Man has never enjoyed a monopoly on virtues!
As man moved, he also learnt the skills of oppression - the continuation of that meant
annihilation of other man - for material or other gains to himself and for others who
relied on him or his imagination. Leaders were born - superior man who propelled
themselves into position of power and authority. Weaknesses in one leader created
other leaders. This was mans check on another beast: man! This was his way of
restricting another mans aspirations. War came naturally to man - as a survival instinct.
War ensured trophies and bounties. The vanquished wealth and women became
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immediate possessions if a war was won. Man made his fellow man slaves and bound
him in chain and shackles. The human mind also derived grotesque and perverted
pleasure to see his once powerful enemy at his mercy - his slave. To see ones enemy
capitulate was a great accomplishment, so man took it another step further. He played
God, slaughtering his fellow man. The process of decapitating and torturing an enemy
sometimes continued for days on end till he died. By watching misery an enemyendured at his death throes, man discovered a new trait in his imagination: cruelty. He
also learnt about the power of human endurance, and learnt the differences between,
painful and painless deaths. Inexplicably as a continuation of cruelty he also learnt
collective carnage: genocide. Man also became the ultimate survivor against his fellow
mans ignominy and insensitivity. The vanquished also had a voice and resurrected
themselves over time. Man moved on.
On the flip side, man learnt about death without dying, so that it meant killing his fellow
man to take that once step further to: knowledge. He ate his flesh and dissected his
body to learn the intricacies of his bones, nerves and veins. The experience he thus
gained taught him how pain was to be dealt with. He discovered among others a
remedy to end human misery: medicine. Planet earth was and still is a biological
laboratory and man will keep paying the ultimate price - himself - to ensure that his
species does not go extinct. Man still had not learnt how to dissect the human
imagination. It remains the most mysterious and potent unknown in his existence. Man
aspired for peace, for freedom from the shackles of oppression. War was always a
double-edged sword; it created opportunity for peace by annihilation for those that did
not share one mans imagination, his thought process, his concept of right or wrong. It
also created for those that survived a war - the victorious, a semblance of peace with all
the bounty Mother Nature has to offer. For those that lost wars, man discovered
humiliation that led on to tolerance. Tolerance is a trait for those that have suffered andlost most in life.
It was perhaps at this juncture that the third thought process evolved - the free thinkers.
The free thinkers believed that mans greatest enemy was his mind, a mind that only saw
two colours - black and white. He represented the grey segment of the natural canvas.
He believed that only a combination of black and white would ensure that the human
species did not go extinct. The first free thinker, were also the first liberals and had to
pay a price, with their lives. The greatest tragedy of man has been that its free thinkers
were discovered posthumously. What they had left behind for his fellow men were
however gems. Genetic time capsules that faithfully encoded the basic human trait:goodness. Man among his many natural attributes has arguably goodness in the highest
dosage. Yet given circumstances, man can commit evil more naturally than he would
goodness. What makes him commit evil will forever remain mans investigation: for now
there is no answer.
Man argued that peace couldn't be found if war is considered a solution - but that
argument never ended wars. He therefore fine-tuned his thinking and communicative
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skill to invent a compromise philosophy to replace a subordinate philosophy - so that
man can continue to live and let live. More colours were painted into the natural
canvas. Nothing much happened. Man continued to argue that peace is not the absence
of war, but the absence of the conditions that leads man to war. The foremost of those
conditions were and still remain for man his greatest vice: suspicion. The proverbial
'keep the guard up' - is mans natural trait. Man is mans enemy, and there is no man onplanet earth that does not have an individual, common or collective enemy.
Man cannot remain defensive without weapons. Tragically weapons of defense in mans
history has more often been used, as weapons of offense - because man has believed
that 'offense is the best defense'! So man continues to imperil the world by his basic
instinct for survival. Mans greatest industry has been war industries, his military
industrial complexes - which have traditionally supplied armament for mans war.
Because wars never ended, the armaments industry only flourished. As the world got
bigger and was divided over and over again, nations, countries, continents, sub
continents, regions surfaced - and what he has inherited today is the collective result of
that original human instinct: mans quest for freedom.
Guarantee of freedom for man however, comes at gunpoint, so mans war industry got
more focused and organized in its singular obsession - the killing of fellow man.
Weapons to kill millions at a time remains mans most sacred and secret possessions
today, its bargaining chip, its symbol of freedom.
The problem with freedom is it cannot be had, if man does not have peace. The problem
with peace is, man has not yet figured out how to make money out of it! If the military
industrial complexes are dismantled today - if wars end, the next war will be fought by
the unemployed millions from these very same industrial complexes? The fear of unemployment makes man desperate. Man demobilized from war, have found
employment in other wars: mercenaries are mans oldest professional warmongers.
Man has thrived on chaos. Peace and chaos has never walked hand in hand. It has
always been a tilted balance because of mans propensity for chaos is supreme, as he has
not overcome his basic insecurity - translated to mean man made fear or fear of man.
Fear again is the driving force behind mans energetic discoveries. Man has well realized
that a peaceful planet earth would be, well quite boring. His imagination forces him to
spend most of his money and energy in pursuit of real or imagined enemies within his
own kind and outside. Man has set foot on the moon and has sent robots to Mars -many more planets are targeted for mans discovery.
Question: What is man trying to discover? Rocks and landscapes? The answer is man is
looking for life, and when man says 'life' his intention is to discover - something
resembling man. If by accident, life is discovered on any other planet, man with all its
inclination for peace will actually be discovering a life form that he will construe to be
his enemy. Do not expect man to go and shake hand with a green Martian and say 'Hi
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old chap - do you know we have been waiting to meet you guys for couple of million
years?' - rather it would be natural for man, to shoot or capture such a creature, and
find out what his chemistry is all about in a laboratory back home! The fear of the
unknown propels man on.
When we say 'extra terrestrials' (ET) - mans mind conjures images of creatures withsuperior intelligence. Man has rarely accepted a superior man for far too long, its history
being filled with stories of pickup and dumps - and therefore it would be a travesty to
expect man to fall in love with the first ET it meets. If life is discovered on another planet
- bad news for man. Man will mobilize all resources at its disposal to make war. If
Hollywood movies are any indicator of mans collective visual imagination - I am sure
readers will not miss the point. But is there any other intelligent life form in our solar
system other than man? Many believe that there are, but feel they will be discovered
millions of years later. The truth is no one knows. However mans imagination will create
one, even if there is none, and man will drive himself into frenzy trying to kill or subdue
the monsters. There are zillions of crackpots in the world that believe in ET's and
perhaps billions more who believe in UFO's. Man has the capacity to live unto its beliefs,
to the extent of creating a belief system - even if there may be no rationale. Man will of
course question and doubt, for that is also natural for man!
Modern man is as superstitious as his ancestors that walked planet earth millions of
years ago. Superstition arose because of his basic survival instinct - when he failed to
find logical answers to his question, he invented answers to suit his immediate needs.
Myths were born to create and reinforce those superstitions and together with changing
times man thought he found answers to many of his questions. Man discovered many
more colors in his natural canvas from his first black, white and grey. His natural canvas
looked more like a kaleidoscope. Mans imagination searched for answers to newquestions. For man living on planet earth, it is a back and forth process. As he looked
forward he also made painful enquiries into the past to find a clue as to his existence.
He looked back at traditions - knowing fully well that tradition is something man has
always left behind if not discarded. He looked back and picked up what he thought can
lead him forward. He realized that his ancestors have left behind a value system, which
has endured times because it was 'correct' and was destined to protect his, other basic
instinct: goodness. Survival meant choosing the worst possible opportunities that the
future - the unexplained future required him to choose. Man also learnt how to side
step to dodge and weave - he learnt how to live with his enemy.
Mans experiment with death was also a back and forth process. He probably wanted to
know life after death - for his survival instinct convinced him that even if his physical
body died, his mind did not. He found proof of this in his sleep. As he woke each
morning, he tried to investigate where his mind disappeared as he slept? Each waking
morning was an invigorating experience, for his sleep took him somewhere he did not
know nor did he have a clue. So he argued that when physical death occurs his mind will
still be resurrected, somewhere down a vacant hollow - a tunnel at best. He believed in
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reincarnation and this belief led him on to search for God. The search for God perhaps
became more intense when man took a step backward to find out 'where he has come
from'? Man is sufficiently convinced of where he is going after death - but where he was
before his birth, still remains a huge void in his imagination. Anthropologists have
tracked back man to apes with scientific evidence - but exactly when man as we know
him today first evolved is still unknown. There is a great 'missing link' between man andhis ape ancestors!
The concept of a monotheistic God, as is mans belief system is modern. God as we know
him today is approximately two thousand years old. Mans discovery of God has not
been by chance or an invention. He found God when he knew that at some point he had
to surrender. Man realized that his imagination was limited, and while his quest for
knowledge is unending, physically man cannot survive long enough to have answers to
all questions in his life. He for instance could predict the days and the nights, the winds
and the fire, the volcanoes and the earthquakes, the storms and the tidal surges - but
much as he tried he could not duplicate these phenomenons on his own. Man or his
imagination could not re -create nature - and it is not as if man has not tried hard
enough? As he looked up at the stars at night he did not find answers to what all the
darkness represents much as he did not find answers to where the blue dome ended -
or who was the ultimate artist that painted the horizon with all colours known to man,
in a consistently different exhibition each evening as the sun went down. Man learnt to
be romantic.
Man looked at different sizes of things in his body, and this convinced him that his brain,
the powerhouse of his imagination is not designed to fuel his constant yearning. Man
has many more questions, and actually fewer answers. As he procreated and created
other man - his children, he learnt to calculate the months of pregnancy. The possibledate and time of birth still remained outside his control, as also the possible time or
death of man. Nature does not provide a definite answer - that has been nature’s
nature.
Because mans imagination is so fertile, he has doubted the proof of his own existence.
Though man believes that contradiction between existence and non existence is the
greatest of all existence - yet he has wanted to know if this life, the one he has at any
given moment, is not just another big spurt of the imagination - that this very existence
is one big dream, and that he may wake up one morning to find himself in quite a
different sphere of existence! The imagination of man has also the ability to twist hisimagination.
Man burns out, man is born to die - death defies the imagination and as much as it gives
food for thought, man has not been able to know much more about his ancestors than
what they have left behind in records - written or otherwise. A complete and absolute
record of what can be considered 'mans complete imagination' is however not available.
Knowledge is the cumulative product of mans imagination - what we value as
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knowledge today will be rendered obsolete by our fellow man and this will happen
much earlier than the time man has taken to discard the knowledge left behind by his
ancestors.
Man has always questioned the accomplishment of his ancestors, whenever he has
wanted clear proof, however many of the achievements in 'recent times' have left himbaffled specially when he reasoned with civilization like the Mayans and the Incas -
proof that modern man is never as superior as he wishes to be.
Science a man made invention provided some, if not all the answer to mans quest for
rationale. Man discovered science to explain the law of nature - yet what is defined is
also the hard work of mans imagination. The ultimate creator of nature has truly not
been identified and man remains as baffled and frustrated than the ones that walked
planet earth millions of years ago. Science's contribution has been one endless saga of
good and evil for man. Science has dared man to experiment and seek new adventures,
new discoveries. It has made communication a staying force - and like his ancestors,
science has allowed man to mis- ommunicate. Mans basic nature and imagination has
not gone through great changes. Although the backgrounds maybe different suspicion,
fear and oppression are the mainstay of mans quest today. His basic survival instinct
makes him commit the same evil as his ancestors and there is certainly nothing humane
in man than what he thinks immediately as a necessary method of survival. Man takes
great pride in differentiating himself from beasts - but his beastly nature is manifest in
his interaction with his fellow man.
That ultimately leads us to the most important question: Will man become extinct?
If the social processes and philosophies that has guided man since his unknown
inception continues, as it must, than mans future is suspect. The doomsday philosophy
expounded by many religions is an early warning system invented by man to check that
that one suicidal human instinct: fear. The progresses of science have made fear all the
more realistic - when we consider that mans armament industry has weapons of mass
destruction with powers to completely alter the natural process. What a meteor did to
change the earth's atmosphere and environment and led the dinosaurs to go extinct -
man has now more power at its disposal with its stockpiling of nuclear and biological
weapons. In the event of a nuclear war - man, will not have a winner? The complete
History of The Dinosaurs has been written. Sadly, the complete History of Man willnever be written simply because no man will be around to write or read it.
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