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BASROC, CONFORM and ADSRs (Part 1). Roger Barlow Scientific Advisory Committee Cockcroft Institute November 1 st 2010. BASROC. A group from -universities -Institutes -hospitals -industry. Cockcroft (Liv, Man) John Adams (Oxford) ASTeC etc. British Accelerator Science and - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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BASROC, CONFORM and ADSRs (Part 1)
Roger BarlowScientific Advisory Committee
Cockcroft InstituteNovember 1st 2010
1st November 2010 Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC Slide 2/19
BASROC
British Accelerator Science and Radiation Oncology Consortium
A group from-universities-Institutes-hospitals-industry
Goal: Hadron therapy through the nsFFAG.
Cockcroft(Liv, Man)
John Adams(Oxford)
ASTeCetc
1st November 2010 Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC Slide 3/19
CONFORM
BASROC's first project£8M “Basic Technology”
Develop the nsFFAG and build an industry on it
- EMMA – already covered- PAMELA- Applications
ConstructionOf aNonscalingFFAG forOncologyResearch andMedicine
Project nearly complete (3½ / 4 years) and money all spent.
1st November 2010 Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC Slide 4/19
PAMELA
Proton and carbon rings
Design finalised
Prototyping needed for magnets and kickers
1st November 2010 Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC Slide 5/19
PAMELA
Particle H+ C6+
Ring 1 inj 1 ref 1 extr 1 inj 1 ref 1 extr2 inj
2 ref 2 extr
Kin. En./u [MeV] 30.95 118.38 250 7.8394 30.977 68.357 208.749 400
Bρ [Tm] 0.81071
1.62142 2.43213 0.81071 1.62142 2.43213 4.40092 6.36971
Ring 1 Ring 2
Mean Radius [m] 6.251 9.3
Cells 12 12
Packing factor 0.48 0.65
Field index, k 36.721 42
LSS [m] 1.4506 1.1979
SSS[m] 0.0628 0.1266
Magnet length idealised/real [m]
0.3144 / 0.5656 0.6330 / 1.1395
Orbit exc. [m] 0.1760 0.217 (400 MeV/u) 0.237 (430 MeV/u)
Bore size [m] ~0.24 ~0.35
1st November 2010 Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC Slide 6/19
Other Proton therapy developments
Bid for proton therapy at Manchester shortlisted
HO, RB consultants on accelerator selection, and research projects
1st November 2010 Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC Slide 7/19
ADSRs: History
May 2009 Science Minister Lord Drayson visits Daresbury and learns about ADSRs. Asks for optioneering report on the possibilities for British industry
ThorEA compiles report, with help from STFC
Report submitted early 2010
Minister requests comments from experts, via STFC and NCE, to Govt Chief Scientist
Comments mostly positive but mixed – not enough to get enthusiastic acceptance
May 2010 – new government ..............
1st November 2010 Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC Slide 8/19
http://www.thorea.org/publications/ThoreaReportFinal.pdf
“Towards an Alternative Nuclear Future”
Put together by Bob Cywinski
Available as a physical booklet and on the web
1st November 2010 Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC Slide 9/19
Technical content
Case for Thorium and ADSRs as sustainable power source providing acceptable nuclear solution to looming energy crisis
Proposes 3 stage R & D programme AESIR (Accelerator Energy System with Inbuilt Reliability)
LOKI – a 30 mA 35 MeV high reliability proton LINAC – 2 years to develop, cost £40M
FREA – add a booster (probably an FFAG) to get to 400 MeV, taking 3 years and £115M
THOR – a second booster, taking the energy to 1 GeV, feeding an ADSR core generating 600MW. Total cost £1-2 Bn. Operational by 2025
LOKI and FREA could be built at Daresbury, utilising existing infrastructure.
1st November 2010 Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC Slide 10/19
Accelerator Options
LOKI + FREA+ THOR
Threefold to boost reliabilty if nsFFAGs work
LOKI + RCS
LOKI + LINAC
Consider and evaluate all these options as part of the R&D programme
1st November 2010 Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC Slide 11/19
The responses (1)
The Accelerator Is now the right time?
Aren't you putting too much hope in FFAGs?
What about beam losses?
Why not do this through international collaboration?
Are the dates and costs realistic?
These responses, and our answers to them, are contained in the published report
1st November 2010 Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC Slide 12/19
The responses (2)
The Reactor List 7 positive points (efficiency, abundance, low waste, compatibility, plutonium disposition, non-proliferation, safety (arguably))
And 2 negative points (cost, proliferation) Worries about fuel manipulation and recycling (THOREX) being difficult owing to the 232U. Proliferation - weapons without the need for an enrichment step(!!).
“In priority space, if the UK was to invest £300m of public money in nuclear R&D, it would yield greater benefits to direct this into the niche areas where the UK has historical capability and can strengthen its role and contribution in Gen IV systems and international work on developing proliferation resistant fuel cycles as part of international shared cost development programmes.”
1st November 2010 Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC Slide 13/19
The responses
“From the nuclear energy perspective, the appropriate approach is judged to be a watching brief on the technology, and that it should not be a priority area for focus. It may be worthwhile carrying out a further paper assessment of the evidence for this technology.”
We have to decide where to take it from here
1st November 2010 Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC Slide 14/19
The ADTR
Aker solutions – development of the Energy Amplifier. 600 MW Thorium fuelled ADSR Twin 5 mA 1 GeV Linacs, H+ and H-, k=0.995, Boron control rods
frequency 704.4 M Hztemperature of 2K 5 cell cavities 3 distinct sections • 115 MeV to 192 MeV, β = 0.51 • 192 MeV to 481 MeV, β = 0.65 • 481 MeV to 1GeV, β = 0.85
1st November 2010 Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC Slide 15/19
Spallation Neutrons on Thorium
For 1 GeV proton beams you can (just about) achieve 1 232Th→233U conversion per incident proton, by suitable arrangement of target rods, reflectors, and general geometry.
Conversion of a usable fraction of a rod is possible, but will take hours of exposure.
Must consider decays and other reactions as composition changes. Also material stability of the ThO2 under neutron bombardment and chemical changes: this looks hopeful
Simulations done using GEANT4New classes developed (CB)
1st November 2010 Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC Slide 16/19
Targets: more muons from ISIS
Studies (AB) show ISIS muon target can give an extra 40% surface muons, and catch around 50% more
Also shows that proton energy for maximum surface muons is 500 MeV, not 800+
1st November 2010 Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC Slide 17/19
The search for CP violation in neutrinosNeutrino Oscillations depend on L/EFix E, vary L, the source-detector distanceDetector is massive. Build several sources at: 20, 8, 1.5 km1 mA protons,stopping muons, and look for ͞ν
μ→ ͞ν
e
“The design utilizes low-cost, high-powerproton accelerators under development for commercial uses.”
That means stacked cyclotrons – or FFAGs
HO+RB inCollaborationAlso MorganWascko (IC)
Pe =sin223sin2 213sin 2 31
∓sin sin 213 sin 223sin 212 sin2 31sin 21
cos sin 213 sin 223sin 212 sin 31 cos 31sin 21
cos223 sin2 212sin2 21
1st November 2010 Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC Slide 18/19
PRISM
Phase Rotated Intense Slow Muon source
The ultimate μ→e conversion experiment. Range down to 10-18 .
68 MeV.c but takes muons with 20% momentum spread and reduces it to 2% by an FFAG which rotates the phase. Time spread 20-200 ns. Essentially zero background
Cockcroft involved in 'PRISM task force'
1st November 2010 Roger Barlow: Cockcroft SAC Slide 19/1910/12/10 Roger Barlow: ADSRs 19
Conclusions
Protons&
FFAGPRISM
Neutrinofactory
PAMELA
Hadron therapy
ADSR
ThoriumPower
targets