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1
Uwe RabensteinLiDAC
April 8, 2009Hochschule Wismar
Basics for roadlighting
2LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Road lighting
2
3LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Freedom of design
- Free arrangements of the luminares?
- bright-/darkzones on the roadsurface?
- Which luminare design?
4LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Freedom of design
- The safety for the traffic has abolute priority!
- The arrangement of the luminare, spacing and height are results of the official standards.
- Using Luminares with a good design is allowed.
- Different light colours are possible, but the targetis an efficacy lightinstallation.
3
5LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Classification of roadlighting
mainroads
sideroads
junction / roundabout
tunnels / subway crossing
shopping roads
residential roads
6LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Standards/recommendations for roadlighting
DIN EN 13201 part 1 to 4, some parts from DIN 5044 part 1 and 2;
(ME-classes with appr. 0.5cd/m² to 2cd/m²); CIE 115-1995
DIN 67524 part 1 to 2; RABT 2006
DIN EN 13201 part 1 to 4, some parts from DIN 5044 part 1 and 2;
(ME- or S-classes with appr. 0.5cd/m² or 3lx resp. 7lx); CIE 115-1995
DIN EN 13201 part 1 to 4, some parts from DIN 5044 part 1 and 2;
(CE-classes with 7.5lx to 50lx); CIE 115-1995
DIN EN 13201 parts 1 to 4, some parts from DIN 5044 Teil 1 and 2;
(ME- or S-classes with appr. 0.3cd/m² or 2lx resp. 10lx) ; CIE 115-1995
DIN EN 13201 part 1 to 4, some parts from DIN 5044 Teil 1 and 2;
(CE- or S-classes); CIE 115-1995
4
7LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
cd/m² ? lx?
basics of light
8LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Visual job: recognize objects on the road
luminance cd/m²illuminance lx
- Kontrast
5
9LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
level of brightness
100000lx - sunlight
20000lx - cloudy sky in the summer
max. 1lx - moonlightbetw. 2 and 30lx - roadlighting5000lx - cloudy sky in the winter
10LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Requirements for roadlightingNegativ-contrast (dark object opposite to the bright background)
• luminances Laverage = 0,3 - 2,0 cd/m2
• illuminances Ehaverage = 2 - 30 lux• uniformity UL(along) = 0.5 - 0.7
UO(hole) = min/average 0.3 - 0.4• Threshold increment TI = 10-20 %
6
11LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Influence of the luminace level for the traffic
12LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
luminace of the road L
Php EqL •=
),,( γβαqq =
7
13LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Influence of the local uniformity for the traffic
14LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
uniformity U0 and UL
Uniformity overall
Uniformity along
n
LU n
p∑=0
maxmin/ RR LLUL =
8
15LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Glare?
16LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
What is glare?
Glare is light in high differences of luminace in the field of view, which is created by luminares. This differences create a physiological-psychological effect which has influence to:
• Visual comfort
• Visual power
9
17LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Kinds of glare
Psychological glare (discomfort)
-> create a discomfort and with a influence over a long period, the working capacity is reduced.
Physiological glare (disability glare)
-> reduce the visiual power in kind of- visual sharpness- contrast recognization- lower working capacity
18LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Base for the visibility
… is the contrast between difference objects.
Co contrastLu luminance in the surroundingLo luminance on the object
u
uoo L
LLC −=
10
19LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Influence from glare for the visibility
The contrast will be reduced between the two objects.
Co contrastLu luminance in the surroundingLo luminance on the objectLv equivalent veiling luminance
vu
uoo LL
LLC+−
=
20LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Threshold increment
influence from glare for visibility
11
21LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Threshold increment
θ
Object dimension = 8’
22LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Lv equivalent veiling luminanceLu adapted luminaceEk illuminace in the eye of the observerθk angle in grad between the line of view and the line of connection from observer to the luminareK age factor (K=10 for a observer which is 23 years old)
Threshold increment
8.065u
v
L L= TI
∑=
n
kv
E K= L1
2k
kθ
12
23LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
good< 10
acceptable10
disagreeable> 15
Glare levelThreshold Increment (TI)
Threshold increment
values for threshold increment
Achtung: Eine Beleuchtungsanlage kann am Beobachterauge die Schleier-leuchtdichte erhöhen, ohne notwendigerweise die mittlere Leuchtdichte imGesichtsfeld zu erhöhen.
24LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Threshold increment
age factor K= f(age of the observer)
13
25LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Threshold increment
When is the Threshold increment procedure are valid?
• The direction of view is in one line with the area which is observed.
• The observed area has to be in the field of view from the observer.
26LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Threshold increment
30m
Not more luminares has to be controlled as located in a 20° field of view.
20°
14
27LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Lightingdesign for a boulevard
28LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Information for a lighting design based on the DIN-standard
- speed of the traffic
- main user and other user which is allowed to use
- impossible user
- sectional view of the road (with/without middlelane)
- number of traffic in the darkness (cars per hour and lane)
- surroundbrightness and crime
- intensity of bicycles
- precaution for less traffic and parking cars
- surface on the road (only for luminance calculation)
15
29LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Information (example)
- Character: mainroad
- average luminance 1.0cd/m²
- uniformity overall U0 0.40
- uniformity along UL 0.60
- Character: footpath
- average illuminance 5lx
- minimum illuminance 1lx
30LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Choose a luminare
16
31LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Choose a luminare
32LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Choose a luminare
17
33LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
IRIDIUM 252 IRIDIUM 253 KOFFER 70 MINIKOFFER KOFFER 100 KOFFER 150 KOFFER 250 SGS 201 SGS 203 SGS 204 SEIL-KOFFER 70
SEIL-KOFFER 150
SEIL-KOFFER 250
FlacheAnsatzleuchte
FlacheSeilleuchte
RESIDIUM
Choose a luminare
34LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Choice regarding the lightdistribution:
Asymmetrical floodlight
18
35LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Choice regarding the lightdistribution:
round and symmetrical optic
36LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Choice regarding the lightdistribution:
Lineshape uplighting optic
19
37LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Choice regarding the lightdistribution:
Linear small UrbanLine (S)
38LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Choice regarding the lightdistribution:
Linear symmetrical with UrbanLine (SC)
20
39LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Choice regarding the lightdistribution:
Linear asymmetrical with UrbanLine (A)
40LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Choice regarding the lightdistribution:
Roadlighting optic
21
41LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Choice regarding the lightdistribution:
Roadlighting optic
42LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting with roadlighting optic forT-lamps - height of the luminare regarding a good uniformity
ME
ideal height of the luminare = road width +1m 1-3
acceptable height of the luminare = road width 4-5
minimum height of the luminare = road width -1m 6
22
43LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting with roadlighting opticfor T-lamps - spacing of the luminare for ME-classes regarding a good uniformity
ME
ideal spacing = height of the luminare x 4-5 1-3
acceptable spacing = height of the luminare x 5-6 4-5
minimum spacing = height of the luminare x 6-7 6
44LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting with roadlightingoptic for T-lamps - spacing of the luminare for S-classesregarding a good uniformity
Optic CT, OR, T
Spacing = height of the luminare x 5 - 7
Optic WB
Spacing = height of the luminare x 8 - 10
23
45LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting with decorativ optics -height of the luminare for S-classes regarding a good uniformity
ideal height of the luminare = road width
acceptable height of the luminare = road width -1m
minimum height of the luminare = road width -2m
46LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting with decorativ optics -spacing of the luminare for S-classes regarding a good uniformity
Spacing = height of the luminare x 5 - 7
24
47LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting
- Location of the poles
location appr. –2m to +2m behind the kerbstone
- Mounting on a arm
Angle of the arm max. 15°
48LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting
The values for the brightness is controlled by the lamppower. Whichlamppower is necessary? This information can find in same designsheets or via calculation by software. Foundation for this is to haveall the information on the pages before.
25
49LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Position 3 (5)*Position 1 Position 5 (11)*
Reflector positions
* sodium lamps (cosmopolis lamps)
50LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Arrangement of luminares
singlesided
doublesided
central
Doublesided shifted
wallmounted
rope
26
51LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
52LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
27
53LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
54LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
28
55LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
56LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
29
57LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Determination of the illuminance classes
www.planungstool.philips.com
Calculux Road Wizard
C:\Programme\Calculux\RoadWizard\road wizard.exe
Link for downloads of calculux and road wizard
http://www.lighting.philips.com/de_de/tools_downloads/calculux/index.php?main=de_de&parent=1_8&id=de_de_calculux&lang=de
58LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Software and tools for light calculation
• Calculux 7.0 (Philips)
• DIALux 4.6 (DIAL)
• Relux 2009 (Relux)
• Designtools as PDF-Files (Philips)
• LCI – Lightingdesign software (Prof. Stockmar)
• …
30
59LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Design tools
60LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Pedestrian crossing
31
61LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Pedestrian crossing – basics (german standard DIN 67523)
Definition:
b = roadwith
c = width of the pedestrian crossing
w = waiting area
dL = spacing of the valuation grid
A –F = valuation points
62LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Pedestrian crossing – basics (german standard DIN 67523)
Definition:
= valuation points
- Spacing of the valuation points on lane E-F max. 1m
- height of the valuation level 1m
The evaluation has to be done separat in each driving direction.
32
63LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Pedestrian crossing without any additional light
EV ≥ 4 lx
SR ≥ 0,5
TI ≤ 15 %
Ul ≥ 0.7
U0 ≥ 0.4
Lm ≥ 1.5 cd/m²
KB = 1
U0 = 0.4
Lm = 2cd/m²
Vertical illuminance on the axis E-F (maintenance value)
Surround ratio (Minimum)
Threshold increment (highest value)
Uniformity along (Minimum)Class of the glare limitation
Uniformity overall (Minimum)Uniformity overall
Average road luminance (maintenance value)Luminance (nominal value)
DIN 67523-1: 2009-XXDIN 67523-1 : 1988-04
This lightsituation has to be realized min. 50m before and behind the pedestrian crossing.
64LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Pedestrian crossing without any additional light
Evmin ≥ 4 lx
Evm = 30 lx
Evmin ≥ 5 lx
Evm = 40 lx
Average vertical illuminance on each calculation points(maintenance value)
Average vertical illuminance on each calculation points(nominal value)
Average vertical illuminance on the axis in the middle of the pedestrian crossing (maintenance value)
Average vertical illuminance on the axis in the middle of the pedestrian crossing (nominal value)
DIN 67523-1: 2009-XXDIN 67523-1 : 1988-04
33
65LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Pedestrian crossing - requirements
TI ≤ 15 %
Ul ≥ 0.4
U0 ≥ 0.35
Lm ≥ 0.3 cd/m²
KB = 1
U0 > 0.3
Lm = 0.3cd/m²
Threshold increment (Highest value)
Uniformity along (Minimum)Klasse der Blendungsbegrenzung
Uniformity overall (Minimum)Uniformity overall
Average luminance of the road(maintenance value) ME6
Luminance of the road (nominal value)
DIN 67523-1: 2009-XXDIN 67523-1 : 1988-04
Diese Beleuchtungsverhältnissemüssen mindestens 100m vorund hinter und dem FGÜ gegebensein.
66LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Pedestrian crossing – design tools
34
67LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Pedestrian crossing – design tools
68LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Pedestrian crossing - example
Fußgängerüberweg in Hessisch-Oldendorf
35
69LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Roundabout
70LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
roundabaout – luminare arrangement (standard)
36
71LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Roundabout – design tools
72LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Roundabout – design tools
37
73LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Roundabout - exampleAachen – Europaplatz, Metronomis
74LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Car park lighting
38
75LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Freedom of design
- Free arrangements of the luminares?
- Bright-/darkzones on the roadsurface?
- Which luminare design?
76LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Limitation for the design
- safety for footsteps from persons are neccesarry
- Visibility from persons/faces are benefical
- The arrangement of the luminare, spacing and height areresults of the official standards.
- Using Luminares with a good design is allowed. Different light colours are possible, but the target is an efficacy lightinstallation
39
77LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Standards/recommendations for car park lighting
DIN EN 13201 part 1 to 4 - Roalighting
(light for official car parcs included)
DIN EN 12464 part II - Light on outdoorworkspaces (light for privat car parcs included)
78LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
RequirementsVisibility from steps, persons, objects and cars
DIN EN 13201 12464 part II
• illuminance Ehaverage = 7.5 - 30 lux 5 – 20 lux• Uniformity overall U0 = 0.40 0.25
40
79LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Colour of the light and colourrendering
SON
Ra 25
CDM/CPO
Ra 80
SOX
Ra --
80LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Rules of thumb for a car park lighting design
Number of luminares
n number of luminares
A area in m²
ηB utilisationfactor for the installation
ΦL Luminous flux from the luminare
Spacing anlong = height of the luminares x 3 ... 4 (along)
En x A x 1.25ηB x ΦL
n =
41
81LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Standarddimension on a car park
detail
4.5-5m 6-8m
2.5m
82LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Choice regarding the lightdistribution:
Asymmetrical floodlight
42
83LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Possible luminare arrangement with floodlights
height = 8-10m
84LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Choice regarding the lightdistribution:
round and symmetrical optic
43
85LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Possible luminare arrangement with lantern
height = 4-6m
86LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Choice regarding the lightdistribution:
Roadlighting optic
44
87LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Possible luminare arrangement with street lighting luminares
height = 6-8m
88LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Valuation of the number of luminares regarding theutilisation factor method
Dimension of the car park 70m x 74m
Dimension of the store 53m x 31m
Kind of luminare Koffer² 70
lamp/luminous flux CPO-TW 60W/6800lm
utilisationfactor for installation appr. 0.45 – 0.50
En x A x 1.25ηB x ΦL
n = 15lx x 3537m² x 1.250.45 x 6800lm= = 22 luminares
45
89LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Results of the lighting design via computer
1xCPO-TW 60W
Lph = 6m
Em = 15.2lx
g1 = 0.27
90LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Decorative luminares for roadlighting
46
91LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Energiesaving but how?
Full/normal operation Each 2.luminare areswitched off
Reduced operation
92LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting
Thank you very much for your attention.
47