Basics of Computer Final

7/30/2019 Basics of Computer Final

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COMPUTER HARDWARES


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Definition of Computer

A programmable electronicmachine that performs high-speed mathematical or

logical operations orotherwise processesinformation.


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Computers Have Two Main Parts

1. Computer Hardware

2. Computer Software


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What is Computer Hardware?

Computer Hardware is thephysical part of the computersystem, the machinery andequipment.

Parts of the computer you can

see


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Examples of Computer Hardware

Monitor: T.V. like screen used to show pictures andwords

CPU: Central Processing Unit this is where most ofthe computers calculations take place. In terms ofcomputing power, the CPU is the most importantelement of a computing system.

Keyboard: This device is used to typeinformation into the computer and contains thenumbers 0-9.


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More Computer Hardware

Mouse: a small device, which you move across the top ofthe desk to move the pointer or cursor on the screen.

Printer: used to make a paper copy of the informationinto the computer.

Image Scanner: an electronic device that generates adigital representation of an image for data input to acomputer


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Inside a Computer Case


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MOTHERBOARDAmotherboard is the central printed circuit board (PCB) in many moderncomputers and holds many of the crucial components of the system, providing

connectors for other peripherals.


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MAINBOARD (Back Panel)


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Internal Hardware PartsSMPS(Switched-mode power supply):

It is an electronic power supply that incorporates a

switching regulator in order to be highly efficient in theconversion of electrical power. An SMPS is usually employed toefficiently provide a regulated output voltage, typically at alevel different from the input voltage.

PROCESSOR:

An electronic circuit that can execute computerprograms. A processor is the logic circuitry that responds toand processes the basic instructions that drive a computer.

The processor (CPU, for Central ProcessingUnit) is the computer's brain. It allows the processing ofnumeric data, meaning information entered in binary form,and the execution of instructions stored in memory.


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Random-access memory (RAM) isa form of computer data storage. Thetwo main forms of modern RAM are

static RAM (SRAM) and dynamic RAM(DRAM). In static RAM, a bit of datais stored using the state of a flip-flop.This form of RAM is more expensiveto produce, but is generally fasterand requires less power than DRAMand, in modern computers, is oftenused as cache memory for the CPU.

HDD(Hard Disk Drive)Ahard disk drive (HDD; also

hard drive or hard disk) is a non-volatile, random access digital magneticdata storage device.

RAM(Random AccessMemory)


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UPS(Uninterrupted PowerSupply)

An uninterruptible power supply, alsouninterruptible power source, UPS orbattery/flywheel backup, is anelectrical apparatus that providesemergency power to a load when the input

power source, typically mains power, fails.

The offline / standby UPS (SPS) offers onlythe most basic features, providing surgeprotection and battery backup. Theprotected equipment is normally connecteddirectly to incoming utility power.

Offline / standby

onlineThe online UPS is ideal for environmentswhere electrical isolation is necessary or

for equipment that is very sensitive topower fluctuations.


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What is Computer Software?

Computer Software are programs that tell the computerwhat to do.

Examples

SYSTEM SOFTWARE-Operating System( Windows, UNIX)

APPLICATION SOFTWARE-

- Database software(Oracle)

-Programming LanguagesIDE(Visual studio, JAVA NETBeans),

-Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint,Microsoft Excel


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Computer Input Devices

Computer Devices that input information in thecomputer

Examples

Key Board

Mouse

Scanner Digital Camera


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KEYBOARD

Keyboards use a variety of switch technologies. Capacitive switches areconsidered to be non-mechanical because they do not physically complete acircuit like most other keyboard technologies. Instead, current constantlyflows through all parts of the key matrix. Each key is spring-loaded and hasa tiny plate attached to the bottom of it. When you press a key, it movesthis plate closer to the plate below it. As the two plates move closer

together, the amount of current flowing through the matrix changes. Theprocessor detects the change and interprets it as a key press for thatlocation.


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MOUSEWhat is a mouse?

The mouse is a pointing device which helps us to operate thecomputer. Although, we have switched to Touchpads in Laptops, "thefunction of mouse is easy and user-friendly when compared with touchpads for a new user", says the users. Mostly all the applications areoperated with mouse for easy working. In recent days, the opticalmouse had overcome the old ball mouse, because of its 'easy to use'function.

Ball mouse

The movement of the

pointer in the computer isdecided by the ball inside themouse.


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The main components of the optical mouse are:

Inbuilt optical sensor,High speed camera ,LED.

Optical mouse


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Computer Output Devices Computer Devices that output

information from the computer.

Examples

Monitor Printer


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MONITOR Types

CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor

There are 3 types of monitor.1.The CRT2. the LCD Flat Panel monitor3.The TFT-LCD monitor.

most inexpensive monitor in the markettoday.

includes the flat/funnel tubes thatdisplays the images on the screen.


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Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) monitorswere first developed for use with laptopcomputers. Also known as flat screenmonitors, they are becoming more and

more common these days. LCD technology makes use of a liquid

crystal solution that are present in twopanes of polarized and partitionedglasses. By adjusting the amount oflight that passes through these panels

through an electric voltage, images arecreated on the screen. This technologyalso reduces blurring and coloursmudging during motion pictures, whichmakes this type of monitor appropriate

for gamers or film enthusiasts.

A downside to this type is that, asidefrom being more expensive, it costs tohave some add-ons attached to it, suchas SVGA, or Super Video Graphics Array

technology for improved onscreendis la .

LCD Flat PanelMonitor


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A Thin Film Transistor (TFT) LCDmonitor is now being more widely usedwith LCD monitors, because of its highlevel of resolution and sharpness. Theonly difference is a thin film transistorthat is applied to the screen, which

results in better control of pixels.

This type of monitor is recommendedfor those who play animated, colourful,and high-resolution games, as well asgraphic artists who may need to check

out different fonts on the computerscreen.

TFT-LCD Monitor


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Broadband

The term broadbandrefers toa telecommunications signal ordevice of greater bandwidth.

Broadband Internet access, often shortened to just "broadband", is ahigh data rate connection to the Internet typically contrasted with dial-up access using a 56 kbit/s modem.

Dial-up modems are limited to a bitrate of about 60 kbit/s and require thededicated use of a telephone line whereas broadband technologiessupply more than this rate and generally without disrupting telephoneuse.


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NETWORK Basics

Wireless Fidelity popularly known as Wi-Fi, developed on IEEE802.11 standards, is widely used technology advancement inwireless communication. As the name indicates, WI-FI provideswireless access to applications and data across a radio network.

Personal area network (PAN) is a computer networkdesigned for communication between computer devices (includingtelephones and personal digital assistants close to one person). Thereach of a PAN is typically a few meters. Personal area networksmay be wired with computer buses such as USB and FireWire.

A wireless personal area network (WPAN) can also be made possiblewith network technologies such as IrDA and Bluetooth.

CAN - Campus Area Network

Networking spanning with multiple LANs but smaller than aMetropolitan area network, MAN. This kind of network mostly used

in relatively large universities or local business offices andbuildings.

Network-A collection of computers and other devices that communicate

to share data, hardware, and software.


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LAN - Local Area Network:

LAN connects networking devices with in short spam of area, i.e.small offices, home, internet cafes etc.

Wireless - Local Area Network:A LAN, local area network based on wireless network

technology mostly referred as Wi-Fi. Unlike LAN, in WLAN no wires are used,but radio signals are the medium for communication. Wireless network cardsare required to be installed in the systems for accessing any wireless networkaround. Mostly wireless cards connect to wireless routers for communicationamong computers or accessing WAN, internet.

MAN - Metropolitan Area Network:MAN, metropolitan area network falls in middle of LAN and

WAN, It covers large span of physical area than LAN but smaller than WAN,

such as a city.

WAN - Wide Area Network:As wordWide implies, WAN, wide area networkcover large distance for communication betweencomputers. The Internet it self is the biggest

example of Wide area network, WAN, which iscovering the entire earth.


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A true virus is capable of self replication on a machine. Itmay spread between files or disks, but the defining character is thatit can recreate itself on its own without traveling to a new host.

Symptoms of Virus Attack

Computer runs slower then usual Computer no longer boots up Screen sometimes flicker PC speaker beeps periodically System crashes for no reason

Files/directories sometimes disappear Denial of Service (DoS)

Antivirus or anti-virussoftwareis used

to prevent, detect, and remove computer viruses.

Computer Viruses

l h d i


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A USB flash drive is a data

storage device that consists of flashmemory with an integrated UniversalSerial Bus (USB) interface. USB flash

drives are typically removable andrewritable, and physically much smallerthan a floppy disk. Most weigh less than30 grams. As of September 2011 drivesof 256 gigabytes are available.

Flash memory is a kind ofstorage chip that can be electricallyerased and reprogrammed.

NAND-type flash memoryintegrated with a USB, small,removable, lightweight and removabledata storage .

Also known as pen drives, chip

sticks, thumb drives, flash drives andUSB keys

Flash and Jump Drives


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Smart Disk-External Portable

60GB Hard Drive


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Amodem (modulator-demodulator) isa device that modulates an analogcarrier signal to encode digitalinformation, and also demodulates sucha carrier signal to decode thetransmitted information. The goal is toproduce a signal that can be transmittedeasily and decoded to reproduce the

original digital data. Many broadband modems include the

functions of a router (with Ethernet andWiFi ports)

Modem


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NETWORK related TermsAvirtual private network(VPN) is a

network that uses primarily public telecommunication infrastructure, such asthe Internet, to provide remote offices or traveling users access to a centralorganizational network.

Voice over Internet Protocol


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It is a family of technologies, methodologies, communication

protocols, and transmission techniques for the delivery of voice communicationsand multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as theInternet.

Voice over Internet Protocol(Voice over IP,VoIP)


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The TCP/IP model, or Internet Protocol Suite, describes a set ofgeneral design guidelines and implementations of specific networkingprotocols to enable computers to communicate over a network. TCP/IPprovides end-to-end connectivity specifying how data should be formatted,addressed, transmitted, routed and received at the destination.

Home network or home area network (HAN) is a residential localarea network (LAN). It is used for communication between digital devicestypically deployed in the home, usually a small number of personal

computers and accessories, such as printers and mobile computingdevices. An important function is the sharing of Internet access, often abroadband service through a fibre-to-the-home, cable TV, DigitalSubscriber Line (DSL) or mobile broadband internet service provider(ISP).

TCP/IP model

Home network


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Few Common Symptoms ofHardware Failure

Fan Making Loud Noise

Hard Drive Making Noise

What To Do When Your Computer Won't Start

Troubleshoot a Computer Monitor That Won't Display Anything On Screen

Troubleshoot a Computer That Shows No Sign of Power

Troubleshoot a Computer That Turns On and Then Immediately Turns Off

Troubleshoot a Computer That Turns On But Displays Nothing on Screen

Troubleshoot a Computer That Turns On But Stops Booting During the POST

How To Troubleshoot a Computer That Repeatedly Returns to

advanced Boot Options


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THANK YOU!!!

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Basics of Computer Final