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1 Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project September 10 - 12 th 2007 Basics Basics in in motion motion analysis analysis “ Kinematics Kinematics of GAIT of GAIT Milan Milan , , September September 10 10- 21 21 Sept Sept 2007 2007 2 Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project September 10 - 12 th 2007 Video Gait Analysis Scheletro

“Basics in motion analysis “ Kinematics of GAIT …trama.deib.polimi.it/.../Galli_kinematics.pdf · 1 Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project September 10 - 12 th

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1

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

““BasicsBasics in in motionmotion analysisanalysis ““

KinematicsKinematics of GAITof GAIT

MilanMilan, , SeptemberSeptember 1010--21 21 SeptSept 20072007

2

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Video

Gait Analysis

Scheletro

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Fig.44

HEEL STRIKE HEEL STRIKETOE OFF

LEFT

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

The report analysis

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

The spatial and temporal parameters

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

The gait cycle

Stance phase : 60% Swing phase : 40%

Normal values

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Stance o

appoggio Swing o

volo

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

The gait cycle

Stance phase o fase di

appoggio:

First double support

Single limb stance

Second double supportSwing phase

6

11

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Fase di stance

FOOT-FLAT (LOADING RESPONSE): la pianta del piede ècompletamente in contatto con il

terreno

(NORMALI: 0% - 10% gait cycle)

MIDSTANCE: inizia con lo stacco del

piede controlaterale. Il COG è

direttamente sopra il piede e

raggiunge il suo punto più alto (NORMALI: 10% - 30% gait cycle)

HEEL-OFF (TERMINAL STANCE) : il tallone si solleva dal terreno e inizia la fase propulsiva

causata dai muscoli posteriori

della gamba che flettono la

caviglia

(NORMALI: 30% - 50% gait cycle)

HEEL-STRIKE (INITIAL CONTACT): inizia il ciclo del

passo. Il COG

assume la posizione

più vicina al terreno

TOE-OFF (PRESWING): termina

la fase di stance e il piede si stacca dal terreno

(NORMALI: 50% - 60% gait cycle)

12

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

INITIAL SWING: l’arto si sposta in avanti

appena dopo lo stacco del piede; viene impressa all’arto un’accelerazione nella

direzione dell’avanzamento

NORMALI: 60% - 70% gait cycle)

MIDSWING: l’arto passa sotto il corpo. L’arto

controlaterale è in midstance(NORMALI: 70% - 85% gait cycle)

TERMINAL SWING: l’arto continua il

movimento in avanti e subisce una

decelerazione per stabilizzarsi e prepararsi al successivo appoggio

(NORMALI: 85% - 100% gait cycle)

Fase di swing

7

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Other quantities

Stridelength = = = = StepStepStepStepRightRightRightRight + + + + StepStepStepStepLeftLeftLeftLeft

Left steplengthRight steplength[cm]

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Nomalization on subject high.

8

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Step width

Step width [mm]

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Walking speed

Number of step per unit time

[step/min]

Cadence

Cadence *step lenght = Vel [m/s]

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

First sheet: Temporal parameters

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

10

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Clinical example

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Stance phase right: 65%

Swing phase dx: 35%

Step width 159 mm vs 130 mm norm

Vel:0.80 m/sec vs 1,15 m/sec

Stance phase left: 56%

Swing phase sx: 44%

Step lenght 846 mm a dx 852 mm a sx vs 1100 norm

H=123 cm

Right hemiplegia

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Diplegia (1922)

12

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Principali alterazioni dei parametri spazio/temporali

VIDEO Pdf

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Senza tutori

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25

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Senza tutori

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Con tutori

14

27

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

From marker…….

Flexion/estention abdo/adduzione

esternal internal rotation

2^ pag of REPORT

28

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Marker “real” (on the patient)

Marker “Virtual” (Computed with a Mathematical computation)

Zg

15

29

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

PELVIS

HIP

KNEE

ANKLE

Frontal Sagittal Horizontal

16

31

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Main alterations

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

PELVIS

POSTERIOR TILT

GLUTEUS ,ischiocrurali, LUBAR CIFOSIS

17

33

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

PELVIS

ANTERIOR PELVIC TILT

Tension of hip flexors

Weakness of hip extensors

Weakness of abdominals

Deficit in maintaining equilibrum

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

PELVIS: shape

SINGLE BUMP (EMIPLEGIA)

DOUBLE BUMP (DIPLEGIA)

18

35

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Scheletro

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Anca

Alterazioni della funzione flessoria/debolezza estensori

Gait pdf

19

37

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Anca abdotta

Scheletro Video

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

KNE

INCREASED FLEXION AT INITIAL CONTACT

Co-contraction quads e ischiocrurali

Equinus

Increased hip joint flexion

20

39

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

KNEE JOINT

RIDUCED FLEXION IN SWING

Rectus femoris spasticity

40

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Diplegia

Hemiplegia

Skeleton

21

41

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

ANKLE JOINT

INCREASED DORSIFLEXION IN STANCE

Triceps weakness

Over lengthening of Achille Tendos

42

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

ANKLE JOINT

Reduction of DORSIFLEXION IN STANCE

Triceps spasticity

22

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Ankle joint

INCREASED PLANTAL FLEXION IN SWING

Triceps spasticity

Drop foot

44

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Hemiplegia Gait Scheletro

Diplegia

23

45

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Foot progression

Video Gait Scheletro

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Valutazione dello standing

Gait Scheletro

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47

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

WHITWHITOUT

Con e senza tutori

48

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Thank you

25

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Pelvic obliquity- obliquità pelvica

-10

-5

0

5

10

0 20 40 60 80 100

% Ciclo del Passo

Gra

di

Media Media+Dev.St Media-Dev.St

Up

Dw n

NORMALI

IC: 0°

LOADING RESPONSE: 5°

MIDSTANCE: 0°

TERMINAL-STANCE/PRE-

SWING: -5°

TERMINAL-SWING: 0°

50

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

-10

0

10

20

0 20 40 60 80 100

% Ciclo del Passo

Gra

di

Media Media+Dev.St Media-Dev.St

Ant

Pos

Anterior Posterior Tilt- antiversione e retroversione pelvica

NORMALI

IC: 10°ROM: 5°

MEAN VALUE: 10°

26

51

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

-20

-10

0

10

20

0 20 40 60 80 100

% Ciclo del Passo

Gra

di

M edia M edia+Dev.St M edia-Dev.St

Int

Ext

Pelvic rotation – Rotazione pelvica

NORMALI

IC: 5°TERMINAL-STANCE/PRE-SWING: -5°TERMINAL-SWING: 5°

52

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Hip Abd/adduction –abdo/adduzione dell’anca

-10

-5

0

5

10

0 20 40 60 80 100

% Ciclo del Passo

Gra

di

Media Media+Dev.St Media-Dev.St

Add

Abd

NORMALIIC: 0°LOADING RESPONSE: 5°MIDSTANCE: 0°TERMINAL-STANCE/PRE-SWING: -5°TERMINAL-SWING: 0°

From Esmac/Siamoc course 2001

27

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 20 40 60 80 100

% Ciclo del Passo

Gra

di

Media Media+Dev.St Media-Dev.St

Flx

Ext

Hip flexion extension- flesso estensione dell’anca

NORMALIIC: 35°TERMINAL-STANCE: -5°; -10°TOE-OFF: 0°MID-SWING/TERMINAL-SWING: 35°

54

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

HIP ROTATION

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

% gait cycle

deg

rees

MEDIA MEDIA - DS MEDIA + DS

NORMALIROM <10°IC: -10°LOADING RESPONSE: 0°

28

55

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

-20

0

20

40

60

80

0 20 40 60 80 100

% Ciclo del Passo

Gra

di

Media Media+Dev.St Media-Dev.St

Flx

Ext

Knee flexion estention – flesso estensione di ginocchio

NORMALIIC: 10°LOADING RESPONSE: 20°MIDSTANCE: 5°TOE-OFF: 40°- 50°EARLY-SWING: 60°TERMINAL-SWING: 5°ROM: 55°

56

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

0 20 40 60 80 100

% Ciclo del Passo

Gra

di

Media Media+Dev.St Media-Dev.St

Dor

Pla

Ankle plantar/dorsiflexion- dorsiflessione plantare

NORMALI

IC: -5°

MIDSTANCE: 10°- 15°

TOE-OFF: -25°

ROM: 35°

29

57

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

-25

-15

-5

5

15

0 20 40 60 80 100

% Ciclo del Passo

Gra

di

Media Media+Dev.St Media-Dev.St

Int

Ext

Foot progression- Rotazione del piede

NORMALI

IC: -10°

ROM STANCE PHASE: 5°TOE-OFF: -5°

ROM SWING PHASE: 5°

58

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

PELVIS WIDTH: Distanza tra le due

creste iliache (parti interne) [mm] PELVIS HEIGHT: Distanza verticale (a

paziente sdraiato) tra la cresta iliaca

anteriore e la linea orizzontale passante

per il grande trocantere parallela al piano

del lettino [mm]

30

59

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

KNEE DIAMETER: Distanza tra i

condili femorali [mm]ANKLE DIAMETER: Distanza tra il malleolo

esterno ed il malleolo interno [mm]

LEG LENGTH: Distanza tra le creste iliache anteriori

ed il punto intermedio tra il malleolo esterno ed il

malleolo interno [mm]

60

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Misure antropometriche per protocollo Davis

31

61

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

Glossario

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

FLESSIONE: avvicinamento di due segmenti adiacenti

ESTENSIONE: allontanamento di due segmenti adiacenti

ADDUZIONE: avvicinamento all’asse mediale

ABDUZIONE: allontanamento dall’asse mediale

INTRAROTAZIONE: avvicinamento all’asse mediale

EXTRAROTAZIONE: allontanamento dall’asse

mediale

Movimenti permessi e convenzioni

Piano sagittale

Piano frontale o coronale

Piano orizzontale o trasversale

32

63

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

64

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

33

65

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

66

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

PELVI

TILTING PELVICO ANTERIORE

Tensione flessori anca

Ipostenia estensori dell’anca

Ipostenia addominali

Deficit equilibrio

34

67

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

INTERVENTO NELLE PARALISI CEREBRALI INFANTILI

68

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

TENSIONE PSOAS

Crouch gait

Generatori di potenza

35

69

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

TENSIONE PSOAS

CINEMATICA:

Anterior pelvic tilt

Double bump pelvis

Ridotta estensione d’anca in terminal stance

70

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

TENSIONE PSOAS

CINETICA:

Pattern estensorio d’anca dominante

36

71

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

TENSIONE PSOAS

TRATTAMENTO:

Allungamento intramuscolare psoas

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Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

ISCHIOCRURALI

CINEMATICA:

Eccessiva flessione di ginocchio @ IC, MS, TS

Pelvic tilting posteriore

Limitata flessione d’anca in mid & terminal swing

37

73

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

ISCHIOCRURALI

CINETICA:

Costante momento estensorio in stance dovuta a crouch

(GRF cade posteriormente al ginocchio)

74

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

ISCHIOCRURALI

TRATTAMENTO:

Serial casting

Botox

Allungamento ischiocrurali

38

75

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

RETTO FEMORALE

CINEMATICA:

Diminuita flessione in swing e/o ritardo nel picco

76

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

RETTO

TRATTAMENTO:

Transfer del retto su gracile o sartorio

39

77

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

GASTROCNEMIO

CINEMATICA

Stance:

Equino

Limitato 2nd rocker

Anomala PF/KE couple

Swing:

•Drop foot

78

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

GASTROCNEMIO

CINETICA:

Anomalo momento precoce

Double bump

Generazione di potenza in MS

Diminuita generazione di potenza al push off

Aumentato momento flessorio al ginocchio

40

79

Course “Basics in Motion Analysis” TRAMA Project

September 10 - 12 th 2007

GASTROCNEMIO

TRATTAMENTO:

AFO

Serial casting

Botox

Allungamento gastrocnemi o achille (Strayer - Hoke)