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Basic Structure of a Cell. CELL THEORY. 1. All living things are made of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of life 3. Cells come from other cells. Cell Size and Types. Cells must be observed under microscope Three Basic types of cells include :. Bacterial Cell. Animal Cell. Plant Cell. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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BASIC STRUCTURE OF A CELL
CELL THEORY1. All living things are made of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of life
3. Cells come from other cells
CELL SIZE AND TYPESCells must be observed under microscope
Three Basic types of cells include:
Animal Cell Plant CellBacterial
Cell
NUMBER OF CELLS
Unicellular – composed of one cell
Multicellular- composed of many cells that may organize into tissues
CELL SIZE
WHICH CELL TYPE IS LARGER?
_________ > _____________ > ___________Plant cell Animal cell Bacteria
EXAMPLES OF ANIMAL CELLS
Muscle cells Red blood cells
Cheek cells
EXAMPLES OF PLANT CELLS
Xylem cellsPollen
Guard Cells
EXAMPLES OF ANIMAL CELLS
white blood cell
red blood cell
cheek cells
sperm
nerve cell
muscle cell
Amoeba
Paramecium
EXAMPLES OF PLANT CELLS
Onion Epidermal Cells
Root Hair Cell
root hair
Guard Cells
ORGANELLES
“Mini Organs” that perform functions for the cell
In cytoplasm
ANIMAL CELL ORGANELLESNucleolus
Nucleus
Nuclear envelope
Ribosome (attached)Ribosome (free)
Cell Membrane
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondrion
Smooth endoplasmicreticulum
Centrioles
PLANT CELL ORGANELLES
1. CELL/PLASMA MEMBRANE
Composed of double layer of phospholipids and proteins
Surrounds outside of ALL cellsControls what enters or exits the cell
Outsideof cell
Insideof cell(cytoplasm)
Cellmembrane
Proteins
Proteinchannel Lipid bilayer
Carbohydratechains
• Found in plants and bacteria
• Made of carbs• Supports and protects cell
Cell wall 2.CELL WALL
• Jelly-like substance
• Holds organelles• ALL cells
3. CYTOPLASM
cytoplasm
•Control center
• Contains DNA
4. NUCLEUS
5. NUCLEAR ENVELOPE/MEMBRANE
Double membrane- surrounds nucleus
Controls what exits/enters nucleus
Nuclear pores
6. NUCLEOLUS
Inside nucleusMakes ribosomes
7. NUCLEAR PORE
Allows certain things to pass through the nucleus
8. CYTOSKELETONMaintains cell shapeMade of proteinsMicrofilamentsMicrotubules
9. CENTRIOLES
Found only in animal cells
Only during cell division
Pulls DNA apart
10. MITOCHONDRION(PLURAL = MITOCHONDRIA)
“Powerhouse” of the cell
Makes Energy (ATP)
Has own DNAWhat type of cell would have the most mitochondria?
11. RIBOSOMES
Make PROTEINSAttached or Free
12. ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ROUGH ER)
Has ribosomes on its surface
Makes membrane proteins and proteins for EXPORT out of cell
13. GOLGI BODIES
Look like a stack of pancakes
Modify, sort, & packagemolecules from ERfor storage OR transport out of cell
Golgi Animation
Materials are transported from Rough ER to Golgi to the cell membrane by
VESICLES
14. SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
(SMOOTH ER)
No ribosomesMakes membrane lipids (steroids)
Detoxifies (Liver)
15. LYSOSOMESContain digestive
enzymesBreak down food, bacteria, and worn out
cell parts “Suicide sacs”
16. PEROXISOME
Break down Hydrogen Peroxide produced by lysosomes
17. VACUOLESStorage of waste, water, nutrients
Animal cells-small/absent
Plant cells-large Central
18. CHLOROPLASTSPlants onlySite of Photosynthesis
19. VESICLE
Sac that transports other substances(protein)
20. CILIA
Move cells or move something across the cell surface
Cilia-short, many (spirit fingers)
21. FLAGELLA Long hair-like structure for
movement Few amount of them
CELL MOVEMENT WITH CILIA & FLAGELLA
CILIA MOVING AWAY DUST PARTICLES FROM THE LUNGSRESPIRATORY SYSTEM
PROKARYOTES – THE FIRST CELLS
No NucleusBacteriaSimplest type of cellSingle, circular DNA
EUKARYOTIC CELL
Contain 3 basic cell structures:
NucleusRibosomesCytoplasm with organelles
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT CELLS AND ANIMAL CELLS
Animal cells Plant cells
Irregular shapeNo cell wall
Regular shapeCell wall
presentNo chloroplast
Have chloroplastLarge central
vacuoleVacuole small
or absent
CELL SIZE
Question:Are the cells in an elephant bigger, smaller, or about the same size as those in a mouse?
FACTORS AFFECTING CELL SIZE
Surface area (plasma membrane surface) is determined by multiplying length times width (L x W)
Volume of a cell is determined by multiplying length times width times height (L x W x H)
Therefore, Volume increases FASTER than the surface area
CELL SIZEWhen the surface area is no longer great enough to get rid of all the wastes and to get in enough food and water, then the cell must divide
Therefore, the cells of an organism are close in size
CELL SIZE
Question:Are the cells in an elephant bigger, smaller, or about the same size as those in a mouse?
About the same size, but …
The elephant has MANY MORE cells than a mouse!
