BASIC SENTENCE PARTS Mr. Brasher

Complete Subjects and Predicates

Sentence- group of words with 2 main parts: complete subject and complete predicate. Together, they express a clear thought.

Complete subject includes a noun or pronoun that names the person, place, or thing that that sentence is about.

Complete predicate includes a verb that tells something about the complete subject.

Both complete subject and predicate can consist of 1 or many words.

Look at box on page 422; do exercise 1 on 422 out loud as a class.

Simple Subjects and Predicates

Simple subject- essential noun, pronoun, or group of words acting as a noun that cannot be left out of the complete subject.

Simple predicate- essential verb or verb phrase that cannot be left out of the complete predicate.

Notice in the two examples on page 423 add details to the simple subject to make it a complete subject. Same is with the simple predicate. (Do not have to write down)

Note- simple subject is never the object of the preposition. Look at example in the book; do exercise 2 on page 423 out loud as a class.

Compound subjects

Compound subject- two or more subjects that have the same verb and are joined by a conjunction such as and or or.

Do exercise 3 on page 424 out loud as a class.

Compound Verbs

Compound verb- two or more verbs that have the same subject and are joined by a conjunction such as and or or.

A sentence can sometimes have both a compound subject and compound verb.

Exercise 4 on page 425 out loud as a class. End of day 1 notes Homework= Page 427 exercises 6 and 7

20.2 Hard-to-Find Subjects

Subjects in Orders and Directions

In most sentences that give orders or directions, the subject is understand rather than actually stated; subject is understood to be you.

In the second example on page 428, the subject is still understood to be you even though the sentence contains a noun of direct address- that is, the name of the person being addressed.

Exercise 12 on page 428 out loud as a class.

Subjects in Questions

In questions, the subject often follows the verb. These are called inverted sentences.

Questions that are in inverted order generally begin with a verb, with a helping verb, or with one of the following words: how, what, when, where, which, who, whose, or why.

To find subject in questions with inverted order, mentally rephrase the question as a statement. This will place the subject before the verb.

Note all questions are in inverted order; sometimes questions beginning with an adjective or a pronoun are in the usual subject-verb order.

Sentences beginning with here and there

Some inverted sentences begin with here or there; these words are never the subject.

In sentences that begin with here or there, the subject will usually be found after the verb.

In examples on page 430, here and there are being used as adverbs and answer Where?

Just like inverted questions, sentences with here or there can be mentally rephrased to place subject in normal position before noun. Just make logical statement that does not begin with here or there.

Sentences beginning with here and there continued.

In some sentences, there is used just to get the sentence started. In these situation, there is not an adverb modifying the verb. Instead, it just fills out the sentence. This is called an expletive.

Rephrasing a sentence with there as an expletive is not always possible. Important thing to remember is there will never be the subject.

Other Inverted Sentences

In some sentences subject is placed after verb to give it greater emphasis. These sentences can be mentally rephrased for normal subject-verb order.

Page 432 exercise 13 out loud as a class. In class work= page 438 exercises 14 and 15.

Chapter 20.3 Complements

Complement- word or group of words that completes the meaning of the predicate of a sentence.

Direct Object

Direct object (DO) is a noun or pronoun that receives the action of a transitive action verb

Can determine whether a word is a DO by asking Whom? or What? After an action verb.

Note- Intransitive action verbs will never have a direct object

When a question is inverted, the DO is sometimes located near beginning of sentence. To find DO, re-word question as a statement.

Compound DO is when 2 or more nouns or pronouns receive the action of same verb.

Exercise 20 on page 435 out loud.

DO or Object of a Preposition?

The DO is never the object at the end of a prepositional phrase.

Exercise 21 on page 436 out loud as a class.

Indirect Objects (IO)

An IO is a noun or pronoun that appears with a direct object and names the person or thin that something is give to or done for.

A sentence cannot have an IO unless it has a DO. Can find the IO by locating the DO and asking To or for whom? or To or for what?

Exercise 22 on page 437 out loud as a class

IO or Object of a Preposition?

An IO never immediately follows a preposition in a sentence.

Subject Complements

Subject complement is a noun, pronoun, or adjective that appears with a linking verb and tells something about the subject of a sentence. Will almost always be found after a linking verb.

Predicate Nominative

Noun or pronoun that appears with a linking verb and renames, identifies, or explains the subject of a sentence.

Compound Predicate Nominative

Two or more nouns that appear with a linking verb and rename the subject of the sentence.

Exercise 25 on page 440 out loud.

Predicate Adjective

An adjective that appears with a linking verb and describes the subject of the sentence.

Compound predicate adjective is two or more adjectives the appear with a linking verb and describe the subject of the sentence.

Objective Complements

An adjective or noun that appears with a direct object (DO) and describes or renames it.

To find objective complement, say the verb and the DO, and then ask What?

Page 441 exercise 27 out loud as a class.

In-class work

Page 442 exercises 29, 30, 34, 35.