PART 2 BASIC

BASIC SCIENCES IN PSYCHIATRYQUIZ I ANSWERSDR SADGUN BHANDARICONSULTANT PSYCHIATRISTQUEEN ELIZABETH II HOSPITALWELWYN GARDEN CITYHERTFORDSHIRE1BASIC SCIENCES IN PSYCHIATRYQUIZ I ANSWERS1. B. Causes milk ejectionOxytocin is made in magnocellular neurosecretory cells of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus and is stored in Herring bodies at the axon terminals in the posterior pituitary. It is then released into the blood from the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis) of the pituitary gland

2BASIC SCIENCES IN PSYCHIATRYQUIZ I ANSWERS2. B. Conduction velocity is directly proportional to the diameter of the conducting fibresA typical action potential is initiated at the axon hillock when the membrane is depolarized sufficiently (i.e. when its voltage is increased sufficiently). As the membrane potential is increased, both the sodium and potassium ion channels begin to open. This increases both the inward sodium current (depolarization) and the balancing outward potassium current (repolarization/hyperpolarization).

3BASIC SCIENCES IN PSYCHIATRYQUIZ I ANSWERS3. A. Acetylcholine

4BASIC SCIENCES IN PSYCHIATRYQUIZ I ANSWERS4. A. 1%

5BASIC SCIENCES IN PSYCHIATRYQUIZ I ANSWERS5. E. Right parietal cortex.The hallmark of contralateral neglect is an inability to perceive and attend to objects, or even one's own body, in a part of space, despite the fact that visual acuity, somatic sensation, and motor ability remain intact. Affected individuals fail to report, respond to, or even orient to stimuli presented to the side of the body (or visual space) opposite the lesion. They may also have difficulty performing complex motor tasks on the neglected side, including dressing themselves, reaching for objects, writing, drawing, and, to a lesser extent, orienting to sounds.

6BASIC SCIENCES IN PSYCHIATRYQUIZ I ANSWERS6. D. Neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic amyloid plaques, and amyloid angiopathy7BASIC SCIENCES IN PSYCHIATRYQUIZ I ANSWERS7 A.

Proton densityweighted axial MR images show high signal intensity from mamillary bodies (arrows, A), periaqueductal gray matter (arrowheads, A), medial thalami (arrowheads, C), and surrounding the third ventricle (arrowheads, B).

8BASIC SCIENCES IN PSYCHIATRYQUIZ I ANSWERS8. A. Temporal and frontal.9BASIC SCIENCES IN PSYCHIATRYQUIZ I ANSWERS 9. E. Phasic twitches in somatic musculature.

Sleep spindles, the hallmark of sleep synchronization in stage 2 non-REM sleep, are rhythmic and monomorphic waves, between 10 and 14 Hz, with a maximum amplitude in the vertex (Cz), with bilateral irradiation to central regions (C3 and C4).

10BASIC SCIENCES IN PSYCHIATRYQUIZ I ANSWERS 10. C. A relaxed adult with eyes open.Alpha is the frequency range from 8 Hz to 12 Hz. Hans Berger named the first rhythmic EEG activity he saw, the "alpha wave." This is activity in the 812 Hz range seen in the posterior regions of the head on both sides, being higher in amplitude on the dominant side. It is brought out by closing the eyes and by relaxation. It was noted to attenuate with eye opening or mental exertion. This activity is now referred to as "posterior basic rhythm," the "posterior dominant rhythm" or the "posterior alpha rhythm."11BASIC SCIENCES IN PSYCHIATRYQUIZ I ANSWERS Beta is the frequency range from 12 Hz to about 30 Hz. It is seen usually on both sides in symmetrical distribution and is most evident frontally. Low amplitude beta with multiple and varying frequencies is often associated with active, busy or anxious thinking and active concentration.

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