Basic Piping Print

7/24/2019 Basic Piping Print

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Piping Fundamentals

No.14, 2nd Floor, M.G.road, Adyar, Chennai-41.

Ph.:97106 54244, 044-6516 3033

!ail: "add#e$%&!ail."o!

'e()i#e:***."add#e$.or&


2/31

Pi+in& Fnda!en#al) For Fre)her n&ineer)

Pi+in& y)#e! - 'ha# i) #ha#/Con"e+# ayo# eelo+!en#

Pi+in& Co!+onen#) #heir a""e)) reire!en#.

#rai&h# lenh reire!en#).

rien#a#ion o ario) #a+in&), "o!+onen#), e#".Pi+in& rain) en#)

8n)la#ion.

Ma#erial iin&

Cri#i"al +i+in& )y)#e! "on)idera#ion.

Pi+e #re)) Analy)i).

Pi+e ++or#)


3/31

e# ) ir)# i)")) a(o# 'A; 8 P8Por +ar# in oerall

en&ineerin& o a Plan#.

8n ne?# e* +a&e) *e )hall #ry #o a!iliarie a(o# +i+e

and i#=) "o!+onen#).

Pi+in& Fnda!en#al) For Fre)her n&ineer)


4/31

In any plant various fluids flow through pipes

from one end to other.

Now let us start with a plant where we see three

tanks.

Tank-1, Tank-2 and Tank-3

We have to transfer the ontent of Tank no. 1 to

the other two tanks.

We will need to onnet pipes to transfer the

fluids from Tank-1 to Tank-2 and Tank-3

!"T #$ %&IN' T(" )I)"$.


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These are the pipe fittings,

There are various types of fittings for various

purposes, some ommon types are -

"l+ows/%ends, Tees/%ranhes,

&eduers/"0panders, ouplings, lets, et.

nyway, the pipes and

fittings are in plae, +ut the

ends are yet to +e *oined with

the Tank noles.

We now have to omplete theend onnetions.

These, in piping term, we all

T"&4IN! NN"TIN$.


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These are flanged *oints

This is a welded *oint

$o far this is a nie arrangement.

%ut there is no ontrol over the flow from Tank-1

to other tanks.

We need some arrangement to stop the

flow if needed

To ontrol the flow in a pipe line weneed to fit a speial omponent.

That is alled - 5!5"


8/31

There are many types of valves, ategoried

+ased on their onstrution and funtionality,

Those are - 'ate, 'lo+e, hek, %utterfly, et.

ther than valves another important

line omponent of pipe line is a filter,

whih leans out der+ies from theflowing fluid. This is alled a

$T&IN"&


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(ere we see a more or less funtional piping

system, with valves and strainer installed.

!et us now investigate some aspets of pipe

fle0i+ility.

If this tank nole

e0pands, when

the tank is hot.

In suh ase we need to fit a fle0i+le

pipe omponent at that loation,

whih is alled an "6)N$IN

7INT


10/31

When some fluid is flowing in a pipe we may

also like know the parameters like, pressure,

temperature, flow rate et. of the fluid.

To know these information we need

to install IN$T"NT$in thepipeline.


11/31

There are various types instruments to measure various

parameters. lso there are speifi riteria for installation

of various pipe line instruments.Ne0t we shall look

into how to

$#))&Tthepipe/and it8s

omponents.


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(ere are some of the pipe supporting arrangements.

There an +e numerous variants. ll depend on piping

designer8s preferene and *udgement.

!et us see some T("&types of supports


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We have *ust ompleted a pipe line design.

We shall rewind and hek how it is really done in pratie.

irst the flow sheme is planned,

19 What, 29 rom what point, 39 To whih point

)ipe sies are seleted, pipe material and pipe wall thikness are seleted.

Types of 5alves are planned

lso the types of instruments re:uired are planned

We represent the whole thing in a drawing whih is alled )iping andInstrumentation ;rawing, in short )


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;hi) i) )"reen +i"#re o P8 !ade (y PP8

8 *e "li"$ on any line i# *ill )ho* #he a#a e!(edded.


18/31

fter the )


19/31

While arrying out pipe routing we also need to onsider the following

5alves, strainers, instruments on the pipe should +e easily aessi+le.

If needed separate "$$ )!T&4$to +e provided to failitate these.

;esired loation and orientation of valves / instruments and other pipe

omponents are to +e heked and maintained, like some valves orstrainers an only +e installed in horiontal position.

$peifi re:uirements for instrument installation to +e heked, like

temperature gauge an not +e installed in pipe whih is less than = inh in

sie.

$peifi re:uirements of $T&I'(T !"N'T(of pipe for some omponentsto +e maintained, like for flow orifie we need to provide 1> times diameter

straight pipe length at upstream of orifie and > times diameter straight at

down stream of orifie.

"0ample of $traight length re:uirement for low rifie


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lso arrangement is kept in the

pipeline so that li:uid an +e

drained out if re:uired.

To ahieve this a ;&IN onnetion

with 5alveis provided at the lowest

point of the pipeline )ipes are also slopped towards low

points.

or )ipeline whih shall arry li:uid, we have to make sure that all air is

allowed to vent out of the line when the line is filled with li:uid.

To ahieve this a 5"NT onnetion with 5alveis provided at the top most point

of the pipeline.

!et us look

into typial5ent and

;rain

arrangement

in a pipeline


21/31

!et us have a look into a piping model done +y );$ 3;

This is a 3; model

of eed water linealong with pumps

and other

aessories


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NSULAT ON

- When hot fluid flows through pipe then generally pipe is

insulated.

There are two primary reasons for insulating the pipe arrying hot fluid.

ontaining the heat inside the pipe. Insulation preserves the heat of the fluid.It is alled (ot Insulation

)ersonnel safety, so that people do not get +urn in*ury +y touhing hot

surfae of pipe. It is alled )ersonnel )rotetion Insulationold pipes are also insulated

old or hilled fluid arrying pipes are insulated to prevent heating of old

fluid from outside. It is alled old Insulation. $ome times old pipes are insulated to prevent ondensation of atmospheri

water vapor on pipe surfae. It is alled nti-$weat Insulation.

ther types of Insulation

When gas flows through pipes at high veloity, it reates noise. In suh ases

pipes are insulated to redue noise. It is alled ousti Insulation. $ome times pipe and it8s ontent are heated from outside, +y heat traing

element. In that ase pipe along with heat traing element are insulated to

onserve the heat of the traer. It is alled (eat Traing Insulation.


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IN$#!TIN 4T"&I!- The insulating material should +e +ad ondutor of heat

There are two +asi ategories

19 i+rous 4aterial, whih has large voids full of air +etween fi+ers - ork, 'lass

Wool, 4ineral Wool, rgani i+ers. Note stagnant air is a +ad ondutor.

29 ellular 4aterial, whih has losed void ells full or air - alium $iliate,

ellular 'lass ?oam 'lass9, )olyurethane oam ?)#9, )olystyrene

?Thermool9, et.

$ome times ast material like ement )laster or )laster of )aris are also used.

IN$#!TIN !;;IN' - Insulation materials are generally soft or fragile. $othe outer surfae of insulation are proteted with luminum sheet or 'I sheet

ladding.

Have a look at how

pipes are insulated,

and general

components ofinsulation

)ipe 4aterial $eletion - to selet appropriate pipe material +ased on flowing fluid property


25/31

)ipe $iing alulation - to selet re:uired pipe diameter +ased on veloity and pressure drop.

Find out

Flow volumeper second

Check Velocity

Allowable persecond

Calc. flow area

required andipe si!e

Calc. ress.

"rop for thatipe si!e

Check ress.

"rop meetsress. #udget

ipe

$i!e%&

'($

)ncrease

ipe $i!e

*%

)ipe 4aterial $eletion - to selet appropriate pipe material +ased on flowing fluid property.

Find out type

of Fluid

flowing

Check ipe

life

(+pectancy

$elect suitable

aterial per

practice -*ote/0

Check at.

1isted in

"esign Code

ipe

aterial

%&

'($

$ee *ote/

*%Note-1 @ 4aterial is seleted per past e0periene with ost in

mind and per material listed in design ode. If material isnot listed in ode we may selet ne0t suita+le material

listed.

Find out

Fluid 2emp.

3 ressure

)ipe Thikness $eletion - to selet appropriate pipe thikness +ased on flowing fluid property.

$elect at.3 "iameter

as above

"ecide onCorrosion

allowance

Calc. ipe2hickness per

Code

Find outFluid 2emp.

3 ressure

I ) l h i i hi h i hi h d


26/31

In )ower plant there are some piping whih arries steam at high pressure and

temperature. nd also there are piping whih arries water at (igh pressure.

These pipes arries the main yle steam and water of the steam power plant.

These pipelines are all the &ITI! )I)IN'.

5ery speial are are taken for design of these piping.

irst the pipe material seletion for suh piping is very important as it has to

withstand the high pressure and may +e also high temperature.

s these pipes arry the main system fluid of the power plant, they are given

the right of way, and routed at +eginning of the overall plant layout.

$team pipes run at very high temperature and the hot pipes e0pand. We have to+uilt in fle0i+ility in the high temperature pipe routing so that the e0pansion

fore is a+sor+ed within the piping.

lso there should +e enough fle0i+ility in these pipe routing so that high loads

are not transferred to the noles of Tur+ine or )umps

There are many reognied international odes whih lay down guide lines andmandatory re:uirements for design of suh piping.

The most important odes used +y power plant piping engineers are

$4" N$I %31.1- )ower )iping ode < I%& - the Indian %oiler &egulation

)ipe $tress nalysis


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)ipe $tress nalysis

We have already seen that some of the pipes are su+*eted to high pressure

and high temperature. lso pipes arry the load of the flowing fluid.

We need to hek and onfirm the pipe is not going to fail with these loading.

This proess of heking the stress developed in the piping due to variousloading is alled )ipe $tress nalysis/le0i+ility analysis.

In the proess of nalysis we apply various postulated loading on the pipe and

find out the stress resulted from these loading.

Then we hek with governing odes if those stresses generated are

aepta+le or not. We hek support load < movement for various loading ondition.

We also hek out the terminal point loading generated from pipe to the

e:uipment onneted to the pipe. This loading are to +e within aepta+le

limits of the e:uipment suggested +y the vendors.

We also find out the pipe growth due to hange in temperature and need to

keep the movement of pipe within aepta+le limits.

)ipe $tress nalysis is an Interative and Iterative proess."ah step is

heked

If a hek fails we have to go +ak, modify the layout and restart the analysis.

)I)" $T&"$$ N!A$I$


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)I)" $T&"$$ N!A$I$

Inputs

'eometri layout of )ipe

)ipe supporting onfiguration

)ipe ;iameter and Thikness

)ressure inside )ipe

old and (ot temperatures of )ipe

Weight of )ipe and insulation

Weight of arrying luid

)ipe material )roperty ?Aoung8s 4odulus,

Thermal "0pansion oeffiient9

Thrust on pipe due to +lowing wind.

Thrust on pipe due to earth:uake

!oad of $now on pipe

ny transient loading like $team (ammer

load

ny other load on the piping

Tools we use

)I)$A$ - is an integrated pipe stress

analysis module of )!;"$ 2BBB

"$"& - ommerial )iping analysissoftware

There are many other ommerial software

availa+le

utputs

$tress of the pipe at various loading

onditions

!oad at various supports and restrains.

4ovement of pipe at support loations

)ipe terminal point loading.

odes and $tandards In general )ower )lant )iping have to

omply stipulations of $4" N$I %31.1

In India )ower yle )iping to omply I%&

ode re:uirements.

Types of )ipe $upports


29/31

Types of )ipe $upports

)n the beginning of this discussion

we talked about various types of

pipe supports. Here is some

elaboration

There are three general types

&igid type ?no fle0i+ility in the

diretion of restrain9

$pring type ?llows pipe

movement in diretion of

loading9

;ynami $upport ?;egree of

restrain depends on

aeleration of load9

There are two types of spring

support

5aria+le load type, here

support load hanges as the

pipe moves.

onstant load support, the

load remains onstant within

some ran e of movement.

onstant !oad $pring

5aria+le $pring

&igid

(anger

&igid

$upport

;ynami $upport,

$nu++er

&igid $upport

$ome $peial onsiderations for )iping


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$ome $peial onsiderations for )iping

When pipes are routed #N;"& 'N;?%uried9 following points to +e kept in mind4

4inimum pipe sie to +e routed under ground shall +e not less than1 inh.

void flange *oint in #/' piping.

Ceep in mind if pipe leaks #/', it will +e diffiult to detet, so avoid #/' routing of pipe

arrying haardous fluid.

)ipe to +e laid +elow rost Done at areas where am+ient temperature goes +elow

freeing.

#/', %uried piping should +e properly proteted from orrosion.

)ipe may +e properly wrapped and oated to prevent orrosion.

r #/' piping +e proteted +y using athodi protetion.reee )rotetionof outdoor )iping4

In the areas where the am+ient temperature goes +elow freeing there is a possi+ility

that the li:uid ontent of pipe may freee while the plant is under shut down.

or similar ase pipes are wrapped with heat traing elements to maintain the ontent

temperature a+ove freeing ?around = deg. 9 even when the am+ient temp. is +elowfreeing.

"letri (eat traing is done +y wrapping eletri oil around pipe, whih turns on as

the am+ient temperature goes down. )ipes are insulated over the heat traing oils.

(eat traing an also +e done +y winding $team tu+es around main pipes.


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We have come to the End of Session.

Hope you have gathered the fundamentals

on the subject of Piping

Documents

Basic Piping Print