BASIC LISTENING SKILLS

Done by: Abderrahim BOUMAIT Elmahfoud AACHARI Lahcen AIT LEMOUDEN Supervised by: Dr. Nezha BELKACHLA

Plan: Introduction Definition Part one: Basic communication skills profile Meaning Fallacies about listening Stages of the listening process Barriers to active listening Part two: Types of listening How to be an effective listener Improving listening comprehension Listening to structured talks Intensive listening Purpose of the speaker and signal phrases Logical connectors and transitional signals

Part three: Effective note making and its purposes Sequence Physical factors Pre and while note making The ten commandments Conclusion

Verbal or non-verbal communication to a person or group providing information as to how their behavior is affecting or influencing you.

Basic Communication Skills Profile

________________________________________________Communication Order Learned Extent Used Extent Taught____________________________________________

Listening First First Fourth

Speaking Second Second Third Reading Third Third

Second Writing Fourth Fourth First

Meaning

Listening Is With The Mind Hearing With The Senses Listening Is Conscious. An Active Process Of Eliciting

Information Ideas, Attitudes And Emotions Interpersonal, Oral Exchange

Fallacies about Listening Listening is not my problem! Listening and hearing are the same Good readers are good listeners Smarter people are better listeners Listening improves with age Learning not to listen Thinking about what we are going to say rather than

listening to a speaker Talking when we should be listening Hearing what we expect to hear rather than what is

actually said Not paying attention: ( preoccupation, prejudice, self-centeredness, stero-type) Listening skills are difficult to learn

Stages of the Listening Process

Hearing Focusing on the message Comprehending and interpreting Analyzing and Evaluating Responding Remembering

Barriers to Active Listening

Environmental barriers Physiological barriers Psychological barriers Selective Listening Negative Listening Attitudes Personal Reactions Poor Motivation

Types of Listening

Informative Listening Vocabulary Concentration Memory

Relationship Listening Attending Supporting Empathizing

Appreciative Listening Presentation Perception Previous experience

Types of Listening

Critical ListeningEthos LogosPathos

Discriminative ListeningHearing Ability Awareness of Sound Structure Integration of non-verbal cues

How to Be an Effective Listener

What You Think about Listening ?

Understand the complexities of listeningPrepare to listenAdjust to the situationFocus on ideas or key pointsCapitalize on the speed differentialOrganize material for learning

How to Be an Effective Listener

What You Feel about Listening ?

Want to listenDelay judgmentAdmit your biasesDon’t tune out “dry” subjectsAccept responsibility for understandingEncourage others to talk

How to Be an Effective Listener

What You Do about Listening :

Establish eye contact with the speakerTake notes effectivelyBe a physically involved listenerAvoid negative mannerismsExercise your listening musclesFollow the Golden Rule

Improving Listening Comprehension

Listening comprehension is the act of understanding an oral message.

It involves speech decoding, comprehending, and oral discourse analysis.

Listening to structured talksPre-listening analysis-determining the purpose, knowing your speaker.

Predicting about the content of a verbal message.

Using background knowledge

Intensive Listening1. Listening to the introduction:

What is the position, knowledge, background, experience of the speaker?What is his credibility?What is the overall purpose of the talk?What is the central idea or theme?What does the speaker intend to do?What are the main points of the talk?

Intensive listening

2. Listening to the Body:

Contains the main message-pay attentionConcentrate on verbal signposts.Recognize main supporting details of the oral messageConcentrate on visual aids.

Intensive Listening3. Listening to the conclusion:

Understand the main themes of the verbal message.Recognize the speaker's focus of the talk.Concentrate on what the speaker wants the listener's to do, or remember.

Purpose of the speaker and

Signal phrases

Purpose of the speaker

Signal phrases

* Introduces a topic Today, I'd like to talk about…, What I am going to discuss is…

* Develops an idea If we critically examine the situation.., The most significant point is…

* Emphasizes a point I am sure you will agree with me.., I'd like to emphasize..

* Contrasts several ideas On the other hand., In contrast,…

* Shows transition of ideas

My next point is…

* Concludes Finally.., I'd like to sum up

Logical Connectors and

Transitional Signals

Purpose of the speaker

Logical connectors

Adds a point Moreover, in additioncompares Similarly, likewisecontrasts In contrast, However,

Shows segmentation

Right, OK, And, Now, That`s all

Exemplifies In other words, For instanceTemporal Eventually, For the time being,

BeforeExplains Therefore, Thus

Effective Note Making

Note making is a skill:

Most people feel deficient It can be learned This takes understanding of what

you're doing It takes practice, which involves

effort

Effective Note Making

Note making is difficult because:

Spoken language is more diffuse than written

Speaker's organization is not immediately apparent

Immediate feedback seldom occurs Spoken language is quickly gone This makes analysis difficult

Five purposes for note making:

Provides a written record for review Provides a definite, limited learning task Forces you to pay attention Requires organization, and active effort

on the part of the listener Listener must condense and rephrase,

which aids understanding

Sequence

Listen and focus on meaning Evaluate what is being said Is it relevant to your purpose? What are

the high points? Record the information Make use of it

Physical factors

Seating Near the front and center - easier to see and hear Avoid distractions - doorways, windows, glare;

friends, foes

Materials Loose leaf notebook: lies flat - organization and

additions are easier Two pens, wide-lined, easy-eye paper; use dividers Course, date, and topic clearly labeled

Before taking notes - PREVIEW

Prepare yourself mentally - What do you need to get out of this?

Review notes from last time and homework. Nail your attention down tight.

Review the outline from your reading assignment

While taking notes Be an aggressive, not a passive,

listener Jot questions in your notes Do you believe what you're hearing?

What do you believe? Seek out meanings. Look for

implications beyond what is being said.

Relate the material to your other classes and your life outside of school.

Generate enthusiasm and interest Increased knowledge results in increased

interest A clear sense of purpose on your part will

make the course content more relevant Acting as if you are interested can help Don't let the personality or mannerisms of

a speaker put you off Be ready to understand and remember Anticipate the next step and compare

what you've guessed with what happens

Get Involved!

Tune-in, look, listen for clues: Tone or gesture of Professor Repetition; cue words: "remember!" Notice what conflicts with your current

opinions They are harder to understand and rememberKeep thinking... Look for emerging patterns Write questions in margins to be answered later

While taking notes

Don't try for a verbatim transcript Get all of the main ideas. Record some details. illustrations,

implications, etc.

Leave plenty of wide space for later additions - underscore or star major points

Note speaker's organization of material

Organization aids memory Organization indicates gaps when they occur -

you fill in later Be accurate Listen carefully to what is being said Pay attention to qualifying words like:

sometimes, usually, rarely, etc. Notice signals that a change of direction is

coming: but, however, on the other hand

Develop a shorthand of your own Jot down words or phrases; use

contractions and abbreviations.

Leave out small service words, use symbols: +, =,&, ~)

Try to get the hang of listening and writing at the same time.

You may practice listening to the news on

TV and taking notes

Bear in mind that:

We forget 50% of what we hear immediately, two days later, another 25% is gone.

THE TEN COMMANDMENTS – KEITH DAVIS

Stop Talking. Put The Talker At Ease. Show Him That You Want To Listen. Remove Distractions. Empathize With Him. Be Patient. Hold Your Temper. Go Easy On Arguments And Criticism. Ask Questions. Stop Talking!

Thank you

References:www.englishtips.orgwww.library.nuJeremy harmer “ How to

teach Englih”Dennis M. kratz and Abby R. Kratz

“Effective listening skills”