68
EUROPEAN RESUSCITATION COUNCIL www.erc.edu | [email protected] Published October 2010 by European Resuscitation Council Secretariat vzw, Drie Eikenstraat 661, 2650 Edegem, Belgium Product reference: Poster_10_BLSAED_01_01_ENG Copyright European Resuscitation Council Place your hands in the centre of the chest Deliver 30 chest compressions: Press firmly at least 5 cm deep at a rate of at least 100/min Seal your lips around the mouth Blow steadily until the chest rises Give next breath when the chest falls Continue CPR CPR 30:2 Call 112, find & bring an AED If the victim starts to wake up: to move, to open eyes and to breathe normally, stop CPR. If still unconscious, turn him into the recovery position*. Check response If not responsive Basic Life Support & Automated External Defibrillation Start CPR immediately Switch on the AED & attach pads Stand clear & deliver shock Shake gently Ask loudly: “Are you all right?” Open airway & check for breathing If not breathing normally or not breathing If breathing normally Follow the voice prompts immediately Attach one pad below the left armpit Attach the other pad below the right collar bone, next to the breastbone If more than one rescuer: don’t interrupt CPR Nobody should touch the victim - during analysis - during shock delivery Turn into recovery position Call 112 Continue to assess that breathing remains normal *

Basic life support & automated external Defibrillation - CHU ......2010/12/02  · (PEA/Asystole) 1 Shock Immediately resume: CPR for 2 min Minimise interruptions Immediately resume:

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Page 1: Basic life support & automated external Defibrillation - CHU ......2010/12/02  · (PEA/Asystole) 1 Shock Immediately resume: CPR for 2 min Minimise interruptions Immediately resume:

european resuscitation council

www.erc.edu | [email protected]

Published October 2010 by European Resuscitation Council Secretariat vzw, Drie Eikenstraat 661, 2650 Edegem, BelgiumProduct reference: Poster_10_BLSAED_01_01_ENG Copyright European Resuscitation Council

Place your hands in the centre of the chestDeliver 30 chest compressions:

• Press firmly at least 5 cm deep at a rate of at least 100/min• Seal your lips around the mouth• Blow steadily until the chest rises• Give next breath when the chest falls• Continue CPR

CPR 30:2

Call 112, find & bring an AED

If the victim starts to wake up: to move, to open eyes and to breathe normally, stop CPR.If still unconscious, turn him into the recovery position*.

Check response

If not responsive

Basic life support &automated external Defibrillation

Start CPR immediately

Switch on the AED & attach pads

Stand clear & deliver shock

Shake gentlyAsk loudly: “Are you all right?”

Open airway & check for breathing

If not breathing normally or not breathing If breathing normally

Follow the voice prompts immediatelyAttach one pad below the left armpitAttach the other pad below the right collar bone, next to the breastboneIf more than one rescuer: don’t interrupt CPR

Nobody should touch the victim- during analysis- during shock delivery

turn into recovery position

• Call 112• Continue to assess that breathing remains normal

*

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Assess ABCDERecognise & treat

Oxygen, monitoring, iv access

Call resuscitation teamIf appropriate

Handover to resuscitation team

european resuscitation council

www.erc.edu | [email protected]

Published October 2010 by European Resuscitation Council Secretariat vzw, Drie Eikenstraat 661, 2650 Edegem, BelgiumProduct reference: Poster_10_IHBLS_01_01_ENG Copyright European Resuscitation Council

Call resuscitation team

CPR 30:2

with oxygen and airway adjuncts

Apply pads/monitor

Attempt defibrillation if appropriate

Shout for HELP & assess patient

advanced life supportwhen resuscitation team arrives

Collapsed/sick patient

in-hospital resuscitation

If NO signs of life If signs of life

Page 3: Basic life support & automated external Defibrillation - CHU ......2010/12/02  · (PEA/Asystole) 1 Shock Immediately resume: CPR for 2 min Minimise interruptions Immediately resume:

In-hospital Resuscitation

Collapsed/sick patient

Shout for HELP & assess patient

Assess ABCDERecognise & treat

Oxygen, monitoring, iv access

Call resuscitation teamIf appropriate

Handover to resuscitation team

Call resuscitation team

CPR 30:2 with oxygen and airway adjuncts

Apply pads/monitorAttempt defibrillation if appropriate

Advanced Life Support when resuscitation team arrives

No YesSigns of life?

euRopean ResuscItatIon councIl

www.erc.edu | [email protected] | Published October 2010 by European Resuscitation Council Secretariat vzw, Drie Eikenstraat 661, 2650 Edegem, Belgium | Product reference: Poster_10_IHBLS-A_01_01_ENG Copyright European Resuscitation Council

Page 4: Basic life support & automated external Defibrillation - CHU ......2010/12/02  · (PEA/Asystole) 1 Shock Immediately resume: CPR for 2 min Minimise interruptions Immediately resume:

european resuscitation council

www.erc.edu | [email protected]

Published October 2010 by European Resuscitation Council Secretariat vzw, Drie Eikenstraat 661, 2650 Edegem, BelgiumProduct reference: Poster_10_ALS_01_01_ENG Copyright European Resuscitation Council

advanced life supportUniversal Algorithm

Unresponsive?Not breathing or only occasional gasps

CallResuscitation Team

CPR 30:2Attach defibrillator/monitor

Minimise interruptions

Shockable(VF/Pulseless VT)

Non-shockable(PEA/Asystole)

1 Shock

Immediately resume:CPR for 2 min

Minimise interruptions

Immediately resume:CPR for 2 min

Minimise interruptions

Return ofspontaneous

circulation

Assessrhythm

DuriNg CPr• Ensure high-quality CPR: rate, depth, recoil• Plan actions before interrupting CPR• Give oxygen• Consider advanced airway and capnography• Continuous chest compressions when advanced airway in place• Vascular access (intravenous, intraosseous)• Give adrenaline every 3-5 min• Correct reversible causes

rEVErSiblE CAuSES• Hypoxia• Hypovolaemia• Hypo-/hyperkalaemia/metabolic• Hypothermia

• Thrombosis• Tamponade - cardiac• Toxins• Tension pneumothorax

immEDiATE PoST CArDiAC ArrEST TrEATmENT• Use ABCDE approach• Controlled oxygenation and

ventilation• 12-lead ECG• Treat precipitating cause• Temperature control /

therapeutic hypothermia

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european resuscitation council

www.erc.edu | [email protected]

Published October 2010 by European Resuscitation Council Secretariat vzw, Drie Eikenstraat 661, 2650 Edegem, BelgiumProduct reference: Poster_10_ALS-BRAD_01_01_ENG Copyright European Resuscitation Council

advanced life support Bradycardia Algorithm

• Assess using the ABCDE approach• Ensure oxygen given and obtain IV access• Monitor ECG, BP, SpO2, record 12 lead ECG• Identify and treat reversible causes (e.g. electrolyte abnormalities)

risk of asystole?• Recent asystole• Möbitz II AV block• Complete heart block with broad QRS• Ventricular pause > 3s

Atropine500 mcg IV

SatisfactoryResponse?

Assess for evidence of adverse signs:1 Shock2 Syncope3 Myocardial ischaemia4 Heart failure

interim measures:• Atropine 500 mcg IV repeat to maximum of 3 mg• Isoprenaline 5 mcg min-1

• Adrenaline 2-10 mcg min-1

• Alternative drugs*

or• Transcutaneous pacing

* Alternatives include:• Aminophylline• Dopamine• Glucagon (if beta-blocker or calcium channel

blocker overdose)• Glycopyrrolate can be used instead of atropine

Seek expert helpArrange transvenous pacing

No

Yes No

Yes

observe

No

Yes

Page 6: Basic life support & automated external Defibrillation - CHU ......2010/12/02  · (PEA/Asystole) 1 Shock Immediately resume: CPR for 2 min Minimise interruptions Immediately resume:

www.erc.edu | [email protected] | Published October 2010 by European Resuscitation Council Secretariat vzw, Drie Eikenstraat 661, 2650 Edegem, Belgium | Product reference: Poster_10_ALS-TACH_01_01_ENG Copyright European Resuscitation Council

• Assess using the ABCDE approach• Ensure oxygen given and obtain IV access• Monitor ECG, BP, SpO2 , record 12 lead ECG• Identify and treat reversible causes (e.g. electrolyte abnormalities)

Narrow QRSIs rhythm regular?

• Use vagal manoeuvres• Adenosine 6 mg rapid IV bolus;

if unsuccessful give 12 mg; if unsuccessful give further 12 mg.

• Monitor ECG continuously

Normal sinus rhythm restored?

Possible atrial flutter• Control rate (e.g. ß-Blocker)

Probable re-entry PSVT:• Record 12-lead ECG in sinus rhythm• If recurs, give adenosine again &

consider choice of anti-arrhythmic prophylaxis

Irregular Narrow Complex TachycardiaProbable atrial fibrillationControl rate with:• ß-Blocker or diltiazem• Consider digoxin or amiodarone

if evidence of heart failureAnticoagulate if duration > 48h

Assess for evidence of adverse signs 1. Shock 2. Syncope 3. Myocardial ischaemia 4. Heart failure

Synchronised DC Shock*Up to 3 attempts

• Amiodarone 300 mg IV over 10-20 min and repeat shock; followed by:

• Amiodarone 900 mg over 24 h

Broad QRSIs QRS regular?

Possibilities include:• AF with bundle branch block

treat as for narrow complex• Pre-excited AF

consider amiodarone• Polymorphic VT

(e.g. torsades de pointes - give magnesium 2 g over 10 min)

If Ventricular Tachycardia (or uncertain rhythm):• Amiodarone 300 mg IV over

20-60 min; then 900 mg over 24 h

If previously confirmed SVT with bundle branch block:• Give adenosine as for regular

narrow complex tachycardia

*Attempted electrical cardioversion is always undertaken under sedation or general anaesthesia

Seek expert help

Yes

No

Unstable

IrregularRegular

NarrowBroad

Stable

RegularIrregular

Is QRS narrow (< 0.12 sec)?

Seek expert help

Advanced Life SupportTachycardia Algorithm

euRoPeAN ReSuSCITATIoN CouNCIL

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www.erc.edu | [email protected]

Published October 2010 by European Resuscitation Council Secretariat vzw, Drie Eikenstraat 661, 2650 Edegem, BelgiumProduct reference: Poster_10_PaedBLS_01_01_ENG Copyright European Resuscitation Council

Paediatric Basic Life supportHealth professionals with a duty to respond

euroPean resuscitation counciL

Shout for help

Open airway

NOT BREATHING NORMALLY?

5 rescue breaths

2 rescue breaths15 compressions

NO SIGNS OF LIFE?

15 chest compressions

UNRESPONSIVE?

After 1 minute of CPR call national emergency number (or 112) or cardiac arrest team

Page 8: Basic life support & automated external Defibrillation - CHU ......2010/12/02  · (PEA/Asystole) 1 Shock Immediately resume: CPR for 2 min Minimise interruptions Immediately resume:

www.erc.edu | [email protected]

Published October 2010 by European Resuscitation Council Secretariat vzw, Drie Eikenstraat 661, 2650 Edegem, BelgiumProduct reference: Poster_10_PALS_01_01_ENG Copyright European Resuscitation Council

Paediatric Life SupportAdvanced Life Support

Unresponsive?Not breathing or only occasional gasps

Call Resuscitation Team

(1 min CPR first, if alone)

CPR (5 initial breaths then 15:2)Attach defibrillator/monitor

Minimise interruptions

Shockable(VF/Pulseless VT)

Non-shockable(PEA/Asystole)

1 Shock 4 J/Kg

Immediately resume:CPR for 2 min

Minimise interruptions

Immediately resume:CPR for 2 min

Minimise interruptions

Return ofspontaneous

circulation

Assessrhythm

DuriNg CPr• Ensure high-quality CPR: rate, depth, recoil• Plan actions before interrupting CPR• Give oxygen• Vascular access (intravenous, intraosseous)• Give adrenaline every 3-5 min• Consider advanced airway and capnography• Continuous chest compressions when advanced airway in place• Correct reversible causes

rEVErSiblE CAuSES• Hypoxia• Hypovolaemia• Hypo-/hyperkalaemia/metabolic• Hypothermia

• Tension pneumothorax• Toxins• Tamponade - cardiac• Thromboembolism

immEDiATE PoST CArDiAC ArrEST TrEATmENT• Use ABCDE approach• Controlled oxygenation and

ventilation• Investigations• Treat precipitating cause• Temperature control• Therapeutic hypothermia?

euroPean reSuScitation counciL

Page 9: Basic life support & automated external Defibrillation - CHU ......2010/12/02  · (PEA/Asystole) 1 Shock Immediately resume: CPR for 2 min Minimise interruptions Immediately resume:

www.erc.edu | [email protected]

Published October 2010 by European Resuscitation Council Secretariat vzw, Drie Eikenstraat 661, 2650 Edegem, BelgiumProduct reference: Poster_10_NLS_01_01_ENG Copyright European Resuscitation Council

Newborn Life Support

europeaN reSuScitatioN couNciL

Dry the babyRemove any wet towels and cover

Start the clock or note the time

If gasping or not breathingOpen the airway

Give 5 inflation breathsConsider SpO2 monitoring

if chest not movingRecheck head position

Consider two-person airway controlor other airway manoeuvres

Repeat inflation breathsConsider SpO2 monitoring

Look for a response

Reassess heart rate every 30 seconds

If the heart rate is not detectable or slow (< 60)Consider venous access and drugs

If no increase in heart rateLook for chest movement

When the chest is movingIf the heart rate is not detectable or slow (< 60)

Start chest compressions3 compressions to each breath

At A

LL S

tAG

ES A

Sk: D

O y

Ou

NEE

D H

ELP?

Assess (tone), breathing and heart rate

Acceptable pre-ductal SpO2

2 min: 60%

3 min: 70%

4 min: 80%

5 min: 85%

10 min: 90%

30 sec

60 sec

Birth

Re-assessIf no increase in heart rateLook for chest movement

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Richtlijnen ACLS 2010DE CRUYENAERE Stephane

Verpleegkundige MUG

CHU-Brugmann site Brien

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geschiedenis 15°-19° eeuw : reanimatiepogingen zonder ROSC 1882 : 1° thesis over reanimatie (ventilatie-hartmassage) 1892 : 1° succesvolle hartmassage van een kind (tgv anesthesie met

chloroform) 1898 : 1° inwendige hartmassage (ROSC maar overleden) 1960 : Dr Bennett-Kouwenhoven : basistechniek BLS 1962 : 1° afdeling Intensieve Zorgen in Frankrijk 1970 : 1° lessen BLS voor studenten geneeskunde 1974 : 1° guidelines ACLS (1980-’86-’92-’96-2000-2005) 1989 : oprichting European Rescusitation Council (www.erc.edu)

Page 12: Basic life support & automated external Defibrillation - CHU ......2010/12/02  · (PEA/Asystole) 1 Shock Immediately resume: CPR for 2 min Minimise interruptions Immediately resume:

geschiedenis

1989 : oprichting European Rescusitation Council (www.erc.edu) 1994 : Cardiopump 1995 : 1° AED 1996 : guidelines ERC (AED, defibrillatie 3 shocks) 2001 : oprichting Belgian Rescusitation Council (www.brc.be) 2005 : guidelines ERC (30/2, hypothermie) 2008 : Lucas (Medtronic), Auto-Pulse(Zoll) 2010 : phone-CPR HC100 in België 2010 : nieuwe guidelines

Page 13: Basic life support & automated external Defibrillation - CHU ......2010/12/02  · (PEA/Asystole) 1 Shock Immediately resume: CPR for 2 min Minimise interruptions Immediately resume:

plan

InleidingIn-hospital cardiac arrestOut-hospital cardiac arrestBLSACLSSamenvatting

Page 14: Basic life support & automated external Defibrillation - CHU ......2010/12/02  · (PEA/Asystole) 1 Shock Immediately resume: CPR for 2 min Minimise interruptions Immediately resume:

Inleiding : epidemiologie

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Inleiding : hoe overlevingskansen verhogen?

Gemiddelde interventietijd out-hospital = 7 min in België

Outcome in-hospital cardiac arrest : 10-20%

Outcome out-hospital cardiac arrest : 5-10%

Page 16: Basic life support & automated external Defibrillation - CHU ......2010/12/02  · (PEA/Asystole) 1 Shock Immediately resume: CPR for 2 min Minimise interruptions Immediately resume:

inleiding : hoe overlevingskansen verhogen ?

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Inleiding : hoe overlevingskansen verhogen?

In-hospital :ROSC (=70%) ><outcome (15%)

Page 18: Basic life support & automated external Defibrillation - CHU ......2010/12/02  · (PEA/Asystole) 1 Shock Immediately resume: CPR for 2 min Minimise interruptions Immediately resume:

In-hospital cardiac arrest

Meeste stilstanden zijn te voorspellen Voorafgaande verslechtering bij 50 tot 80%

van de stilstanden Hypoxie en hypotensie zijn frekwente

voorboden Te laat inroepen van de noodzakelijke hulp

Page 19: Basic life support & automated external Defibrillation - CHU ......2010/12/02  · (PEA/Asystole) 1 Shock Immediately resume: CPR for 2 min Minimise interruptions Immediately resume:

In-hospital cardiac arrest

Chain of Prevention

1. Vorming2. Monitoring3. Herkenning4. Hulp halen5. Intern reanimatieteam

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In-hospital cardiac arrest

UPVACNS

> 37.536.6-37.435.1-36.5< 35Temp °C

> 3021-2915-209 -14< 8Respiratory

Rate

> 200101-19981-10071-80< 70Systolic BP mmHg

> 130111-130101-11051-10041-50< 40Pulse

3210123

Patiënten met een score > 4 moeten gezien wordendoor een arts

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Out-hospital cardiac arrest

Projecten AED HC100 : project phone-CPR

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Page 23: Basic life support & automated external Defibrillation - CHU ......2010/12/02  · (PEA/Asystole) 1 Shock Immediately resume: CPR for 2 min Minimise interruptions Immediately resume:

BLS : richtlijnen 2010

1. GEEN specifieke aanpassingen2. Accent = KWALITEIT3. BLS professionele hulpverleners vs BLS

leken

Page 24: Basic life support & automated external Defibrillation - CHU ......2010/12/02  · (PEA/Asystole) 1 Shock Immediately resume: CPR for 2 min Minimise interruptions Immediately resume:

BLS : richtlijnen 2010 (=2005)

Page 25: Basic life support & automated external Defibrillation - CHU ......2010/12/02  · (PEA/Asystole) 1 Shock Immediately resume: CPR for 2 min Minimise interruptions Immediately resume:

BLS :

studie over kwaliteit BLS in het ziekenhuis

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Page 27: Basic life support & automated external Defibrillation - CHU ......2010/12/02  · (PEA/Asystole) 1 Shock Immediately resume: CPR for 2 min Minimise interruptions Immediately resume:

BLS : KWALITEIT : manueel

Page 28: Basic life support & automated external Defibrillation - CHU ......2010/12/02  · (PEA/Asystole) 1 Shock Immediately resume: CPR for 2 min Minimise interruptions Immediately resume:

BLS : KWALITEIT : LUCAS

Page 29: Basic life support & automated external Defibrillation - CHU ......2010/12/02  · (PEA/Asystole) 1 Shock Immediately resume: CPR for 2 min Minimise interruptions Immediately resume:

Nieuwe technieken om CPR te verbeteren : Accelerometer (~Wii)

Compresse a little deeper

Page 30: Basic life support & automated external Defibrillation - CHU ......2010/12/02  · (PEA/Asystole) 1 Shock Immediately resume: CPR for 2 min Minimise interruptions Immediately resume:

BLS : accent = KWALITEIT

Diepte Ritme Onderbrekingen Positie handen

Minimum 5 cm 100 /min Zo weinig mogelijk midden op de thorax

BLS =

CRUCIAAL voor

overleving

CPR op kloppend hart kan geen kwaad, geen CPR bij hartstilstand is nefast!!

Page 31: Basic life support & automated external Defibrillation - CHU ......2010/12/02  · (PEA/Asystole) 1 Shock Immediately resume: CPR for 2 min Minimise interruptions Immediately resume:

BLS

Professionele hulpverleners

Ratio 30/2 op een kwaliteitsvolle manier

Niet getrainde hulpverleners

Liever kwaliteitsvolle hartmassage zonder ventilatie dan BLS 30/2 zonder kwaliteit

Onderbreking hartmassage tot een minimum beperken

=doelgroep phone-CPR

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ACLS : algorithme

Page 33: Basic life support & automated external Defibrillation - CHU ......2010/12/02  · (PEA/Asystole) 1 Shock Immediately resume: CPR for 2 min Minimise interruptions Immediately resume:

BeoordeelRitme

NIET-DEFIBRILLEERBAAR(PEA/Asystolie)

•Herneem onmiddellijk•CPR 30:2 gedurende 2 min•ZONDER onderbrekingen

Page 34: Basic life support & automated external Defibrillation - CHU ......2010/12/02  · (PEA/Asystole) 1 Shock Immediately resume: CPR for 2 min Minimise interruptions Immediately resume:

DEFIBRILLEERBAAR(VF/VT zonder pols)

1 Shock150-200J bifasisch

of 360J monofasisch

•Herneem onmiddellijk•CPR 30:2 •gedurende 2 min•ZONDER onderbrekingen

BeoordeelRitme

Page 35: Basic life support & automated external Defibrillation - CHU ......2010/12/02  · (PEA/Asystole) 1 Shock Immediately resume: CPR for 2 min Minimise interruptions Immediately resume:

Aanhoudende VF/VT Geef 2de shock

CPR 2 minAdrenaline 1 mg IVAmiodarone 300 mg

CPR 2 min

Bij aanhoudende VF/VT Geef 3de shock

• 2de en volgende shocks– 200 - 360 J bifasisch (max

dosis)– 360 J monofasisch

• Minimaliseer interval tussen CPR en shocks (< 5 sec)

• Geef na de 3° shock adrenaline en amiodarone

• Geef na de 4° shock 150mg amiodarone

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ARCA

Ritme evaluere

n

Ritme evalueren + vervangen

hartmassage

ritme evalueren + vervangen

hartmassage

Ritme evalueren

+vervangen hartmassage

Toedienen adrenaline + amiodarone

CPR 2 min CPR 2 min CPR 2 min CPR 2 min

CPR

……….

aankomst defibrillator

Algorythme voor VF/VT

Vergeet niet : IV/IO-lijn te plaatsen, de luchtweg te beschermen, 4 H’s en 4 T’s

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ACLS : defibrillatie

Strategie :

Onderbreking MAXIMAAL 5 sec Defib opladen tijdens hartmassage Let op uw veiligheid! Herneem onmiddellijk CPR gedurende 2 min na een

defibrillatie, ongeacht het ritme 1° shock = 150-200J bifasisch / 360J monof 2° en volgende shocks = maximaal aantal J

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ACLS : defibrilleren

Uitzondering voor 3 opéénvolgende shocks bij VF/VT :

1. VF/VT tijdens hartcatheterisatie2. VF/VT in de direkte postoperatieve periode na hartchirurgie3. Wanneer men getuige is van VF/VT bij een patiënt die reeds

gemonitord wordt en die onmiddellijk gedefibrilleerd kan worden

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ACLS : defibrillatie

Veiligheid : Pas op voor natte kleren en water in de direkte omgevingVerwittg wanneer u defibrilleert en kijk er op toe dat er geen contact is tussenslachtoffer en hulpverleners.Defipads zijn veiliger dan de paddelsOpladen van de paddels gebeurt OP de thorax en nergens anders.Regelen van het energieniveau gebeurt door een assistent of d.m.v de draaiknop aan één van de paddels;Pas op voor gel , transdermale patchen, zuurstofNiet geïntubeerde patiënten : O²-masker minimum 1 meter van paddels houdenGeïntubeerde patiënten mogen geconnecteerd blijven aan beademingsballon / beademingstoestel

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ACLS : defibrilleren

PADDELS

°scheer indien nodig

°gebruik gel/defipads

°druk geven op de paddels nl 8 kg!

Cave brandwonden ! Cave kortsluiting (gel) Cave direkt kontakt tss patiënt en

hulpverlener

ZELFKLEVENDE DEFIPADS

°multifunctioneel nl defibrilleren, pacing, ECG-monitoring

°handig in combinatie met LUCAS

°veiliger, overzicht

°afstand tussen patiënt en hulpverleners

°bediening via defibrillator zelf

°scheer indien nodig

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ACLS : DEFIBRILLERENDE PRECORDIALE SLAG

De precordiale slag enkel geven igv -gemonitorde patiënt-binnen de eerste sekonden van VF/VT-wanneer defibrilator niet onmiddellijk beschikbaar is

= enkel van toepassing op IZ en spoedgevallen

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TIJDENS CPR

Kwaliteitsvolle BLS (diepte, ritme, positie handen) Plan elke actie om onderbreking van de hartmassage zo kort

mogelijk te houden Geef O² Beveilig de luchtweg en plaats een capnometer Geef ononderbroken hartmassage éénmaal de luchtweg

beveiligd is IV of IO toegangsweg Geef adrenaline elke 3-5 min Corrigeer omkeerbare oorzaken

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TIJDENS CPR : 4H / 4T

Potentieel omkeerbare oorzaken: Hypoxie Hypovolemie Hypo/hyperkaliëmie & metabole stoornissen Hypothermie

Tensie-pneumothorax Tamponade (cardiaal) Toxines Thrombose (coronair of pulmonair)

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ROSC ( = Return Of Spontaneous Circulation)

SatO²% = 94-98% (té hoge concentraties O² = schadelijk!!)Controle glycemieÉénmaal ROSC : coronarografieindien geïndiceerdPost-reanimatieprotocol kan overlevingskansen verhogen hypothermie

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ACLS : luchtwegmanagement

intuberen zonder hartmassage te stoppen (ERVARING!!!) Korte onderbreking hartmassage max 10 sec soms nodig voor

intubatie (passage stembanden) LMA (of fasttrack goed alternatief) Eenmaal geïntubeerd : continue hartmassage (=100/min) en

ventilatie (=10/min)

Intuberen verhoogt niet de overlevingskansen van de patiënt!

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ACLS : Medikatie

O² 100% in het begin

Daarna SatO² = 94-98% (geen hyperoxygenatie!)

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ACLS : medikatie

adrenaline 1 mg IV / IO 3-5 min VF/VT : NA de 3° shock Asystolie/PEA : van

zodra toegangsweg beschikbaar is

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ACLS : medikatie

Amiodarone (=cordarone)

NA de 3° shock 300 mg IVD (verdund

met 20 ml glucose5%) Zo nodig 150 mg IVD

na de 4° shock

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ACLS : medikatieNIET routinematig, enkel in volgende gevallen

MgSO4 :

Ca+

NaHCO³

fibrinolyse

Torsades de pointes

hypoCa+hyperK+Overdosis Ca-blokkers

hyperK+hypoCa+Overdosis tricyclische

antidepressiva

Longembolen, ACS

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ACLS : medikatie

Atropine CPR : AFGESCHAFT

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ACLS : medikatie

Toegangsweg :

Enkel IV of IO Niet meer IT !

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ACLS : kwaliteitsmonitoring

EtCO² (capnografie)

Plaats van de tube Kwaliteit van de CPR Indicator voor ROSC Prognostisch middel tijdens een reanimatie (cfr symposium 6/12/2007)

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Pathologische oorzaken van EtCO²-verandering

daling

EtCO²

Metabool := productie CO²

hypothermie

Analgesie / sedatie

Circulatie := transport CO²

Plotse hypovolemie

hartstilstand

embolie

Ventilatie :

Alveolaire hyperventil

Bronchospasme

Sputum in circuit

Tecnische problemen

Lek thv circuitGedeeltelijke obstruktie van de buizen

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Pathologische oorzaken van EtCO²-verandering

stijging

EtCO²

Metabool := productie CO²

1. hyperthermie

2. pijn

3. medikatie

(HCO³)

Circulatie := transport CO²

stijging Q

(Q = SV x HF !!!)

Ventilatie :

hypoventilatie

AH-insufficiëntie

Obstructieve pathol

Ventilatoire depressie

Technische problemen:

Partiële obstructie ETT

Mechanische dode

ruimte té groot

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EtCO² en hartstilstand

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Conclusie ACLS

PRIORITEIT Onmiddellijke BLS door

omstaanders Ononderbroken en

kwaliteitsvolle hartmassage Vroegtijdige defibrillatie igv

VF/VT

SECUNDAIR Adrenaline : toename ROSC

Medikatie en gevorderde luchtwegmanagement verhogen overlevingskansen van de patiënt NIETmaar wel noodzakelijk in ABC-benadering kritiek patiënt

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samenvatting

KWALITEITSVOLLE BLS Monitoring EtCO² Medikatie : adrenaline (stop atropine) O² : SatO²= 94-98% Toegangsweg : IV of IO

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WHAT NEXT?????

Ventilatie : Wanneer intuberen? Hoeveel FiO²? Manueel beademen

versus respirator?

Circulatie : Adrenaline / vasopressoren

:welke-hoeveelheden-wanneer?

Diverse vragen : Hypothermie : hoe lang-hoe

koud ? …

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