Basic Heamatology

7/28/2019 Basic Heamatology

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HEAMATOLOGY SERVICE

TRAINING


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Version: 1.3, Update Date: 2008-2-1

Blood sample consists of two parts.

Blood LeukocyteBlood Cell Erythrocyte Platelet


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There are three kinds of blood cells.

Leukocyte Erythrocyte Platelet

Size: 30-400fl 30-150fl 2-25fl

Amount: 4-10X109

/L 3.5-5.5X1012

/L 100-300X109

/L

Blood CellBlood Leukocyte Erythrocyte Platelet


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GranulocyteWBC

LeukocyteBlood Blood Cell Erythrocyte Platelet

Defend the body

against infectious

disease and foreign

materials


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Neutrophilic GranulocyteMid-sized CellLymphocyte

LeukocyteBlood Blood Cell Erythrocyte Platelet

Baso Mono EosinoLymphNeutro


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The function of RBC is almost completed by hemoglobin (HGB).

ErythrocyteBlood Blood Cell Leukocyte Platelet

Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Redbloodcells.jpg



PlateletBlood Blood Cell Leukocyte Erythrocyte

Coagulation or clotting



WBC, RBC and PLT are counted and sorted by the Electrical Impedance

Method, just Coulter Principle. This method is based on the measurement

of changes in electrical impedance produced by a particle passing through

an aperture.

Volumetric MeteringColorimetric MethodElectrical Impedance

Method

Reagents



1.2 Principle

Volumetric Metering Colorimetric MethodElectrical ImpedanceMethod

Reagents



1.2 Principle


Reagents

The amplitude of each pulse is proportional to the size of each blood cell.



1blood cell ofSame size, go throughthe aperture by constant speed.

2blood cell ofSame size, go throughthe aperture by variable speed.

3blood cell ofdifferent size, gothrough the aperture by variable speed.


Reagents

Pulse Graph



1.2 Principle

Volumetric Metering Colorimetric Method

Electrical Impedance

Method Reagents


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From Pulse Graph to Histogram


Reagents


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1.2 Principle

Volumetric Metering Colorimetric Method


Method Reagents

From Pulse Graph to Histogram


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This analyzer uses a volumetric metering unit to control the count cycle and

to ensure that a precise volume of sample is analyzed.

Lower sensor

Upper sensor

1 Empty when start 2 Liquid surface fall down through thevolumeritc tube

3 Counting start when theliquid surface pass the uppersensor.

4 Counting end when the liquidsurface pass the lower sensor

Lower sensor

Upper sensor

Lower sensor

Upper sensor

Lower sensor

Upper sensor

Volumetric Metering


Method

Colorimetric Method Reagents


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LAMBER BEER LAW-

Consantration is directly praportional to Abs.

HGB is determined by the colorimetric method.

Lyse will release HGB when RBC was broken down and react with HGB to

generate a mixture for HGB measurement.

The mixture has the biggest absorbance at 540nm.

I0 It

L

Colorimetric MethodElectrical ImpedanceMethod Volumetric Metering Reagents


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Light

source

Absorbing

container

Detector Signal processing

Display

Colorimetric Method


Method

Volumetric Metering Reagents

LED light Bath Photo sensor


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Reagents are one part of the system.

Lyse

Break down RBC;

Release HGB and react with HGB to generate a mixture for HGB

measurement;Help the differential of WBC.

Diluent

Dilute the blood sample;

Provide a conductive environment for counting and an environment whichis similar to the plasma to maintain the size of blood cell;

Clean the tube and bath.

ReagentsColorimetric MethodElectrical Impedance

Method Volumetric Metering


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Rinse

Clean the bath and metering tube.

E-Z cleanser

An enzyme-based cleaning solution used to clean the tube and bath.

Probe cleanser

An alkaline cleaning solution used to clean the tube and bath.

ReagentsColorimetric MethodElectrical Impedance

Method Volumetric Metering


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Lymph Mid Neutro(BasoMonoEosino)

WBC 1 2 3 4

[fL]

Fluctuating

Discriminator

1 30~85fL

2, 3 85~125fL

Fixed Discriminator

4 400fL


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No differential result because the WBC histogram is over-

narrowly compressed.

No differential result


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No differential result because WBC count result is less

than a certain value (WBC < 0.5)



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No differential result because the peak of WBC histogramlies in the middle of the histogram and thus cannot identify

the type of peak cells



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Increased nucleated erythrocytesor interference or inadequate lyse


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Thank you!

Documents

Basic Heamatology