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Basic Concept of Taxes
• Tally all income subject to taxes• Reduce the total by:
– adjustments– deductions– exemptions
• Choose the right filing status• Claim all proper credits
Who must file depends on
Amount of gross incomeMarital status
Age
Which form should you use?
1040 EZ1040 A (short form)
1040 (long form)
Choose a filing status
SingleMarried filing joint return
Married filing separate returnHead of household
Qualifying widow(er) with dependent child
Exemptions and Dependents
• W-4 Form - helps an employer determine how much to withhold from paycheck– More exemptions, lower your taxes– Allowed to claim one exemption for :self,
spouse if married, dependents– Dependents usually children– Others may qualify as a dependent
Taxable Income
Wages, Salaries, TipsInterest Income
DividendsAlimony Received
Separately Scheduled Income
• Business Income or Loss• Capital Gains and Losses• Pensions, etc.• Miscellaneous Taxable Income
Adjustments to Income
•Payments to IRA plans•Medical deductions•Moving expenses•Alimony paid
Total Income - Adjustments = Adjusted Gross Income
If true deductible expenses exceed the standard deduction
amount - ITEMIZE
Deductible Expenses
• Medical/Dental • Taxes
– real estate– personal property
• Interest• Contributions• Casualty/Theft losses
Deductible Expenses
• Depreciation
• Union dues
• Professional organization dues
• Work uniforms if paid out of own pocket
Non Deductible Expenses
• Commuting to/from work• Life insurance premiums• Property insurance premiums• Hobby expenses• Social Security taxes• Attorney fees
Non Deductible Expenses
• Attorney fees• Home-related expenses such as
children’s allowances, clothing, utility expenses
• Home repair and maintenance• Losses incurred on the sale of home
Tax Cutting Strategies
• Tax-exempt vs. tax deferred• Calculate allowances correctly on W-4
form• Year-end strategies:
– estimate tax liability for this year compared to next
– shift income– tax shelters
2001 Tax Law Overview
• Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act (EGTRRA) of 2001 signed into law on June 7, 2001
• Provisions phase in from 2002 through 2010 (some delayed beyond 2002)
• “Sunset Provision” after 2010
• Biggest tax cut in 20 years
• 1.35 trillion federal tax cut
• Phased in over the next decade
Summary of Major Provisions
• Individual income tax rate reductions
• Child-related tax provisions
• “Marriage penalty” relief
• Education provisions
• Estate and gift tax reductions
• Pension and IRA provisions
Summary of Individual Income Tax Rate Reductions
Over ($) But not over ($) Marginal Tax Rate
0 6,000 10.0%6,000 27,050 15.0%27,050 65,550 27.0%65,550 136,750 30.0%136,750 297,350 35.0%297,350 38.6%
Example: Single Taxpayers
Summary of Child-Related Tax Provisions
• Before new law - $500 tax credit per child• Under new law, child tax credit is increased to
$1,000 phased in over 10 years, starting in 2001• 2001-2004 - $600.00 per child• 2005-2008 - $700.00 per child• 2009 - $800.00 per child• 2010 and after - $1,000.00 per child
Summary of Marriage Penalty Provisions
• Effective 2005
• Increases the basic standard deduction for joint filers to twice the basic standard deduction for an unmarried person filing a single return.
Summary of Education Provisions
• Increases annual limit to $2,000 (from $500)
• Includes grades K-12, tuition, uniforms, etc.
• Increases range for married taxpayers
• Can contribute to an Education IRA and state plan
Summary of Gift and Estate Taxes
• Increased from $675,000 to $1 million in 2002
• There will be no estate taxes 2010
• Will go back to 675,000 in 2011
• Able to give $10,000 per person without tax - created a $1 million lifetime gift bucket
• Will use this to get $ out of estate and into next generation
Summary of Pension and IRA Provisions
• Increased contributions to tax deferred plans
• Increased IRA contribution limits
• Offers catch-up IRA contributions for those over 50 years old
• Higher Keogh limits
• Expanded pension portability - rollovers
Summary
• Basic concept of taxes• Deductible/Non Deductible
Expenses• Tax cutting strategies• 2001 Tax Law Overview