Basic Aspects of Basic Aspects of Communication Communication

HistoryHistory

Throughout Throughout history, human history, human beings have tried beings have tried to find good ways to find good ways of communicating of communicating with each other.with each other.

ConceptConcept

“““The main purpose of communication is persuasion, that is, the attempt of the speaker to bring others to his point of view.”

AristotleAristotle

ConceptConcept

““Communication is the transmission of a message by means of a sender, conduction, and a receiver.””

ArangurenAranguren

ConceptConcept

““It is the utilization of a code for the transmission of a message about a certain experience in semiological units in order to enable human beings to relate to one another.”

André MartinetAndré Martinet

ConceptConcept

““It is the process by which a transmitter sends a message through a channel to a receiver”.”.

David K. BerloDavid K. Berlo

ConceptConcept

““Communication is the mental process in which a transmitter and a receiver interact in order to exchange ideas, knowledge, experiences and feelings, which are transmitted by means of a code, a message, and an appropriate channel”.”.

De la Torre Zermeño y Hernández De la Torre Zermeño y Hernández

Intercultural communicationIntercultural communication

The ability to negotiate cultural The ability to negotiate cultural meanings and communicate meanings and communicate effectively in keeping with the effectively in keeping with the multiple idiosyncrasies of the multiple idiosyncrasies of the participantsparticipants

CommunicationCommunication

Communication is not merely an Communication is not merely an exchange of messages. It is a exchange of messages. It is a construction of meaningconstruction of meaning..

Information is part of communication, Information is part of communication, not a synonym.not a synonym.

Communication ProcessCommunication Process

Channel

CultureCulture

Receiver

Sender

Receiver

Sender

Construction of meaningConstruction of meaning

Elements of communicationElements of communication

Target MessagesTarget Messages Target Audience Target Audience

• Culture, standards, beliefs, and valuesCulture, standards, beliefs, and values• Interest in adopting new behavior Interest in adopting new behavior • Skills for adopting new behaviorSkills for adopting new behavior• Educational level and languageEducational level and language• Infrastructure, partners, and resourcesInfrastructure, partners, and resources• Other competing messagesOther competing messages

Definition of risk Definition of risk communicationcommunication

““Risk communication is an Risk communication is an interactive process interactive process for the for the exchange of information and exchange of information and opinions among individuals, opinions among individuals, groups, and institutions. It is a groups, and institutions. It is a dialogue in which dialogue in which many messages many messages are discussed”.are discussed”.

National Research Council, 1989National Research Council, 1989

It is important It is important becausebecause

No message is effective if the No message is effective if the public you want to reach does public you want to reach does not listen to itnot listen to it

Different publics can respond Different publics can respond better to the information better to the information depending on how they receive depending on how they receive itit

Channels of communicationChannels of communication

There is no single channel that will serve There is no single channel that will serve for all our audiencesfor all our audiences

We must be specific!We must be specific!