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7/24/2019 Basic Arabic Morphology(Explained in Chinese)
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1
1.字母变换
A. 柔母互换:
1) 柔母 ا 和
前的字母带
开口符时,把 ا
和
换
成 。
ي
ا←و
ع ول←ب ق قال←اع
رم←رمي دع←دعوى
但是, ا
和
后面有
是后,不能将他们换成
دعوا ا رم
2)ا
带静符,而前面的字母
带齐齿符时,把 ا
换成
←و
وعد←وضر يعاد ←يضر
ا يص←وصا
3) 合口符的后面有带静符的
ف
或者
的时候,将他
们换成 ا
,构成长音。
(总体规则:柔母和前一字母的动符相适应)
ي
←ا
قن ي يسريوق←ي وس←
ضارب
←ضورب
4)ا
在三母简式ل
的位置,
而前面的字母带齐齿符
时,要将 ا
换成
←
رخو←دعو رخ←دعي
5)ا 在第三个字母之后,而
前一个字母不是带合口符
的时候,将 ا 换成
و
←
ان←دعوان دع
رخوان ي
←
ان رخ ي
6)
ا
和
在同一个词中相
遇,前一字母带静符,后
一字母带动符的时,将 ا
换成
,再构成叠音。
←و
←مرموي ٌّ
ي مر
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2
B. 和柔母互换ھمزه
1) 中柔动词变主动名词的时
候,把 ا
和
换成ھمزه
ي
و
←
ع قاول←ا
ع ل←ا قا
2) 词尾的 ا
和
的前面有附
加的 时,将他们换成
ھمزه
←و ي
اي←دعاو ب ا ←دعا ب
3)ھمزه
换成柔母:两个ھمزه
相
遇,第二个带静符时,将
其换成与前一个字母的动
符适应的柔母。
← و
ن←من ؤ
←آمن
ن و
ا يما←ئما
2.变动音符
1) 删去 ا
和
的动符,构
成长音: ي ر دعو←ي رمي دعو←ي
2) 把 ا 和
的动符移动到前一个字母上,以便构成
长音
ع ب ي
←دوم
يع
←دوم
3) 把 ا 和
的动符移动到
前一个字母,再把 ا 和
换成和该动符适应的柔
母,构成长音。
قوم يقيم←ي
جوب ←س جاب س
جوب جيب←س س
4) 在 تلتل
تعل
中,把词
根中词尾的柔母 ا
面的
字母的合口符变成齐齿符
(只有这几个词式的词根
在该位置标合口符,其他
的都是开口符)
ا ُّنم←واد اِّ
←من ا داو
ا قلس ت
←قلس ت
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3.省略字母
1) 带静符的 ا 的前面有
,后面有齐齿符的时
候,省略 ا
(因为齐齿符和喉音字母
临近,显得繁重,所以将
(的齐齿符该成开口符قف
如果后面的齐齿符发生变
更,要收回原来被省略的
ا
بوي
←ب
يقع←عق←عقوي
وب ي
←
ب
←
يوب
)动(
يوح←حي
2) 在一个词中,两个静符相
遇时,省略柔母 ع ب يع←م ع←م م
قول مي
←قول مي
←قل مي
)动符号后 又省略柔母
(
خوف
← دومخف
← دم
ع يريد←ب
رد←ع م
3) 词尾是柔母的动词派生命
令式动词时,词尾的柔母
带了静符,应该省略该柔
母。
رت
←ر
عد
←عد
صو←وص شخ←شخ
دهتس
←تدهتس
سلق
← سلق
سلقت←سلقتت
4) 词尾是柔母的动词,在词首增加切格支配词时,省
略词尾的柔母。
ي ر ي
← ر ت
ر ي
م
←