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8/2/2019 Basic and Recommended Vaccination in Indonesia
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BASIC AND RECOMMENDED
VACCINATION IN INDONESIA
8/2/2019 Basic and Recommended Vaccination in Indonesia
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VACCINATION
BASIC RECOMMENDED
BCG
ADULTSCHILDREN
VARICELA
DTP
POLIOHEPATITIS B
MMR HEPATITIS A
MENINGOCOCCALPNEUMOCOCCAL
INFLUENZATETANUS
HEPATITIS B
GERMAN MEASLES
TRAVELLERS
TYPHOID FEVER
JAPANESE
ENCEPHALITIS
YELLOW FEVER
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VACCINATION
Passive immunization occurs when preformed
antibodies are passed to a recipient.
It is a process of stimulating protective
adaptive immune system against microbes by
exposure to non pathogenic forms or
components of the microbes
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HOW VACCINE WORK?
Vaccinesinduce a primary adative immune
response in the hostestablishing immunological
memory
host re-exposed, a secondaryresponse develops
Antibodies elicited by vaccines Ina number of ways:
1) antibodies can preventmicroorganisms binding to
receptor on cells
2) antibodies activate complimentand opsonize pathogens for
phagocytosis
3) antibodies can neutralizeexotoxins produced by pathogens
vaccines aim to produce memoryB cell and Th2 cells, which
together produce high-titerantibody on exposure to the
pathogens or its toxin
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TYPES OF VACCINATION
KILLEDVACCINE
preparations of thenormal infectious,pathogenic virus
that has beenrendered non-
pathogenic
influenza vaccine,pertussis
ATTENUATEDVACCINE
live virus particles
that grow in thevaccine recipientbut do not cause
disease because thevaccine has beenaltered to a non-pathogenic form
polio, BCG andMMR
SUB-UNITVACCINE
purifiedcomponents of the
virus such as surface
antigens
DNAVACCINE
usually harmlessviruses into which a
gene for aprotective antigenhas been spliced.
The protective
antigen is thenmade in the vaccinerecipient to elicit an
immune system.
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BASIC VACCINATION
Indonesia Expanded Program on Immunization forchildren (EPI)
Childhood immunization including immunity by
applying a vaccine almost guarantees protection frommany major diseases.
Childhood vaccination prevents 2 millions deaths peryear worldwide and is widely considered to be
overwhelmingly good by the scientific community Depends on disease pattern of Indonesia and funds
that allocated by government to health sector
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BCG
WHO 2004, incident rate of TBC in 2002 is 555 000 cases (256 cases/100 000
citizens) and 46% of them are new cases.
Indonesia is the third country with high TBC cases after India and China.
Every year, in Indonesia the number of new TB cases is increasing about million
and approximately 140 000 patients died because of TBC.
Prevalence of TBC in Indonesia is very high compulsory to vaccinate childrenwith BCG vaccination to prevent spreading of TBC among them.
Vaccines Protection to Contents AgeNormal
reaction
Side effects
BCG TBCAttenuated
vaccines
0-
3monthsScar
Lymphadenitis
Osteomyelitis
Systemic
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POLIO
Polio virus very dangerous because it can cause paralysis even death tochildren
Very contagious, always infects children under five years old especially with poor
hygiene and immunization programs.
Indonesia is the 16th country which is re-infected with polio.
It is very important to have polio vaccination among childhood to prevent
Indonesia from becoming the virus exporter to other countries especially East
Asia
Vaccines Protection to Contents Age Normal reaction Side effects
Polio poliomyelitisAttenuated
vaccinesNeonates None Diarrhea
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DTP
Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (whooping cough) vaccination are
important because complication of these disease can cause death.
Children fatality rate is high before this vaccination is given to people
Vaccines Protection to Contents Age Normal reaction Side effects
DTP
Diphtheria
Tetanus
Pertussis
Toxoid
Toxoid
Killed vaccines
6 weeksFever in
24 hours
Encephalopathy
seizure
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HEPATITIS B
Epidemiogically Indonesia is among the medium to high prevalence of hepatitis B
in the world.
Hepatitis B has a lot of complication, Infection of hepatitis B virus is the world
health problems.
Approximately 350 millions people in the world are the carrier of the virus and
78% among them are Asians.
With the vaccination to children the number of carriers can be decrease
Vaccines Protection to Contents AgeNormal
reactionSide effects
Hepatitis B Hepatitis B
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GERMAN MEASLES
Indonesia: German measles immunization program has been started since 1984
by giving one dosage of vaccine for 9 months old babies.
This vaccination is given because German measles can spread easily via airborne
Vaccination stop the transmission and spreading of this virus
Vaccines Protection to Contents Age Normal reaction Side effects
German
measlesMorbilli Attenuated virus
>6-9
months
Fever
Light rashencephalopathy
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RECOMMENDED VACCINATION
Adults recommended vaccinationless
concern compare to children immunization
even there are lots of disease and death that
can be prevent by vaccination.
2003, Perhimpunan Dokter Speasialis Penyakit
Dalam Indonesia (PAPDI) has created a
consensus Immunization for Adultsadultswill concern the benefits of immunization.
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RECEMMENDED
VACCINATION
TETANUS
Every adult got fullvaccination of 3 primer
dosage from diphtheriaand toxoid tetanus. If
they have not been
vaccine yet, so primer
dosage of tetanus
vaccination will be
given with booster
vaccination every 10
years
MEASLES, MUMPS AND
RUBELLA (MMR)Adults who are born
before 1957 get nature
immunization. For
adults who born after
1957 has to take 1
dosage of MMR
vaccine. High risk adultshave to take 2 dosage
of vaccination
INFLUENZA
Influenza vaccination is
been given every year
to adults who is abovefifties, chronic lungs
disease, old folks home
residents, metabolic
disease, medical
workers, kidney failure
and so on. This vaccine
is highly recommendedto adults who want to
go for Hajj where the
exposure to influenza is
very high
PNEUMOCOCCAL
This vaccination is given
to adult who haschronic disease (heart
failure, kidney failure,
diabetes mellitus, and
alcoholic).
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RECOMMENDED
VACCINATIONHEPATITIS A
This vaccination is
given to adult who ishigh risk to the
exposure to the viruse.g. caterer, and who
wants the vaccinatione.g. drugs abuser,
homosexual person,
liver disease. Personwho always travels is
highly recommended
to take this vaccination
HEPATITIS B
Aim of this vaccination
is want to prevent the
spreading of the virus.
Besides it also want to
decrease the number
of hepatitis B carrier in
the world. High risk
group to this virus aremedical workers,
blood transfusion, HIV
patients and so on
MENINGOCOCCAL
It is compulsory toadults who want to go
for Hajj. It is also
recommended to adultwho is asplenic either
anatomic or functional
VARISELA
It is recommended to
medical workers,immunocompromised
person, schools,military and travelers.
It has 2 dosages ofvaccination
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TRAVELLERS
TYPHOID FEVER
It is recommended to food
caterer or the one who sellfoods. Besides it also
recommended to travelers whotravel to endemic place oftyphoid fever. It has to re-vaccination every 3 years.
YELLOW FEVER
WHO has make this vaccinationas a must to travelers who
travels to endemic place in Asia
and stay more than 30 days orlive there especially in ruralarea. Booster vaccination is
every 10 years.JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS
WHO has make this vaccination
as a must to travelers whotravels to endemic place in Asia
and stay more than 30 days orlive there especially in ruralarea. Booster vaccination is
every 10 years.
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CONCLUSION
high prevalence and high risk of contagious diseases inIndonesia children and adults are highly recommended to
go for vaccination
For children they have to receive basic vaccination via
Expended Program on Vaccination. This program tries to makeIndonesia free from contagious diseases and almost
guarantees protection from many major diseases. As a result
children in Indonesia can growth well besides have a better
future.
For adults they are recommended to go for recommended
vaccination as a health promotion to get a better living. As we
know nowadays adults recommended vaccination can prevent
lots of disease and death