Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on thediagram below, which shows the results of threedifferent physical tests, A, B, and C, that wereperformed on a mineral.

A) using an electronic balanceB) using a graduated cylinderC) observing how light reflects from the surface

of the mineralD) observing what happens when acid is placed on

the mineral

1. The luster of this mineral could be determined by

A) amphibole B) quartzC) galena D) graphite

2. Which mineral was tested?

A) age, density, and smoothnessB) cleavage, color, and abundanceC) hardness, cleavage, and crystal shapeD) chemical composition, size, and origin

3. Different arrangements of tetrahedra in the silicategroup of minerals result in differences in the minerals'

A) Most minerals crystallize at the same temperature.B) Most felsic minerals usually crystallize before most mafic minerals.C) Muscovite mica and quartz are the last minerals to crystallize as magma cools.D) Biotite mica is the first mineral to crystallize as magma cools.

4. The diagram of Bowen's Reaction Series below indicates the relative temperatures at which specificminerals crystallize as magma cools.

Which statement is best supported by Bowen's Reaction Series?

Base your answers to questions 5 through 8 on thedata table below.

A) finding the mass of a mineral sampleB) finding the density of a mineral sampleC) identifying a mineral sampleD) counting the number of cleavage surfaces of a

mineral sample

5. Moh's scale would be most useful for

A) resistance to breakingB) resistance to scratchingC) specific heatD) specific gravity

6. Moh's scale arranges minerals according to theirrelative

A) An iron nail contains fluorite.B) A streak plate is composed of quartz.C) Topaz is harder than a steel file.D) Apatite is softer than a copper penny.

7. Which statement is best supported by the data shown?

A) 1 B) 9 C) 3 D) 4

8. The durable gemstones ruby and sapphire are valuabledue to their color and hardness. These gemstoneswould most likely be located on Moh's scale at thehardness level of

A) yellow to amber colorB) bubbling in hydrochloric acidC) cleaves at 56° and 124°D) hardness of 5 to 6

9. Which characteristic do samples of the mineralpyroxene normally exhibit?

A) densityB) identityC) cleavageD) internal atomic structure

10. Scratching a mineral against a glass plate andrubbing a mineral on a streak plate are helpfulprocedures for determining a mineral’s

A) CalciteB) PyroxeneC) Potassium FeldsparD) Garnet

11. Which mineral bubbles when acid is placed on it?

12. Base your answer to the following question on the table below, which shows the characteristics offour different mineral samples.

A) halite and quartz B) halite and goldC) galena and quartz D) galena and gold

Which two mineral samples would be most difficult to distinguish from each other based on theircolor, luster, and streak?

A) galena B) pyriteC) halite D) pyroxene

13. An unidentified mineral that is softer than calciteexhibits a metallic luster and cubic cleavage. Thismineral most likely is

A) Observe the color of the mineral.B) Place the mineral near a magnet.C) Place a drop of acid on the mineral.D) Measure the mass of the mineral.

14. What is the best way to determine if a mineralsample is calcite or quartz?

A) scratching the mineral across a glass plateB) squeezing the mineral with calibrated pliersC) determining the density of the mineralD) breaking the mineral with a hammer

15. The relative hardness of a mineral can best be testedby

A) 6 g/mL B) 24 g/mL C) 34 g/mL D) 60 g/mL

16. The diagram below represents the mass and volume of a mineral sample being measured. Thesemeasurements were used to determine the density of the mineral sample.

What is the density of this mineral sample?

A) hardness B) colorC) size D) texture

17. Which property is most useful in mineralidentification?

A) galena B) graphiteC) hematite D) pyrite

18. Which mineral leaves a green-black powder whenrubbed against an unglazed porcelain plate?

Base your answers to questions 19 and 20 on the diagram below, which shows three minerals withthree different physical tests, A, B, and C, being performed on them.

A) rate of weathering of the mineralsB) identity of the mineralsC) environment where the minerals formedD) geologic period when the minerals formed

19. The results of all three physical tests shown are most useful for determining the

A) A—cleavage; B—streak; C—hardnessB) A—cleavage; B—hardness; C—streakC) A—streak; B—cleavage; C—hardnessD) A—streak; B—hardness; C—cleavage

20. Which sequence correctly matches each test, A, B, and C, with the mineral property tested?

21. Base your answer to the following question on the information below.

A student on a field trip in New York State collected a sample of metamorphic bedrock containingbands of coarse-grained crystals of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, quartz, and mica.Describe two physical properties of pyroxene.

A) calcite and haliteB) sulfur and fluoriteC) graphite and talcD) pyrite and magnetite

22. A human fingernail has a hardness of approximately2.5. Which two minerals are softer than a humanfingernail?

A) garnetB) pyroxeneC) plagioclase feldsparD) selenite gypsum

23. Which mineral would most likely become rounded atthe fastest rate when tumbled along

Base your answers to questions 24 and 25 on the diagram and table below.

A) copper B) galena C) chalcopyrite D) dolomite

24. If the volume of mineral sample A is 28 cubic centimeters, sample A is most likely

A) hardness B) luster C) cleavage D) streak

25. The original shape of mineral sample A was altered when it was hit with a rock hammer. Whichphysical property caused the mineral to break as it did?

A) graphite B) calciteC) olivine D) dolomite

26. Which mineral will scratch fluorite, galena, andpyroxene?

A)

B)

C)

D)

27. Which diagram best shows the grain size of somecommon sedimentary rocks?

A) shale B) phylliteC) dunite D) schist

28. A nonvesicular rock is made entirely of green2-millimeter-diameter crystals that have a hardnessof 6.5 and show fracture, but notcleavage. The rockis most likely

A) color B) hardnessC) luster D) cleavage

29. Scratching a mineral against a glass plate is amethod used for determining the mineral's

Base your answers to questions 30 and 31 on the data table below and on your knowledge of Earthscience. The table provides information about four minerals, A through D.

A) garnet B) galena C) olivine D) halite

30. The diagram below represents a sample of mineral A.

Mineral A is most likely

A) talc B) selenite gypsumC) fluorite D) quartz

31. Which mineral can scratch A, B, and C, but can not scratch D?

A) quartz B) amphibole C) pyroxene D) galena

32. The diagram below shows four mineral samples, each having approximately the same mass.

If all four samples are placed together in a closed, dry container and shaken vigorously for 10minutes, which mineral sample would experience the most abrasion?

A) rhyolite B) dioriteC) basalt D) gabbro

33. The photograph below shows an outcrop where alight-colored, igneous rock is cross cut by adark-colored, igneous rock.

This fine-grained, dark-colored, igneous rock ismost likely

A) Graphite B) GarnetC) Halite D) Quartz

34. Which mineral shows no cleavage, has a hardness of7, and a composition of SiO2?

A) calcite B) haliteC) pyrite D) mica

35. Which mineral is white or colorless, has a hardnessof 2.5, and splits with cubic cleavage?

36. Base your answer to the following question on the passage and map below. The map shows the generalized landscape regions of Vermont.

Landscape Regions of Vermont

Most of Vermont's landscape regions consist of ancient, weathered mountains that were covered byseveral ice sheets during the last ice age. When the ice melted, sand, cobbles, and boulders weredeposited throughout the state, Vermont is divided into six landscape regions.

(1) The Vermont Lowlands region has a mild climate, with Lake Champlain moderating itstemperature.(2) The Green Mountains run the length of Vermont and were formed over 400 million years ago.Most of the bedrock is metamorphic and the region is known for its deposits of talc and asbestos.(3) The Taconic Mountains extend into New York State. Slate and marble are commonly mined inthis region.(4) The Valley of Vermont is a narrow valley between two mountain ranges. Most of the bedrock inthe region is limestone and marble.(5) The Vermont Piedmont covers the largest area of the state. This region consists of rolling hills andvalleys. Granite mining is an important industry.(6) The Northeast Highlands is a mountainous region composed of granite bedrock.

A) sulfur B) magnetite C) olivine D) halite

Some of the bedrock in the Green Mountains is actually green in color because of the presence of themineral chlorite. Which other mineral can cause rocks to appear green?

A) galena B) magnetiteC) pyroxene D) graphite

37. Which mineral has a metallic luster, a black streak,and is an ore of iron?

A) plastic pipes B) window glassC) drywall panels D) iron nails

38. Which home-building material is made mostly fromthe mineral gypsum?

A) calcite B) feldsparC) quartz D) talc

39. Which common mineral fizzes when dilutehydrochloric acid (HCl) is placed on it?

A) Pyroxene B) Biotite MicaC) Gypsum D) Magnetite

40. Which mineral has a hardness of 2.5 – 3 and makes agood electrical insulator?

A) galenaB) quartzC) potassium feldsparD) muscovite mica

41. Which mineral scratches dolomite and is scratchedby olivine?

A) cleavage and colorB) luster and colorC) hardness and streakD) streak and cleavage

42. Which two properties are most useful indistinguishing between galena and halite?

A)

B)

C)

D)

43. Halite has three cleavage directions at 90º to eachother. Which model best represents the shape of abroken sample of halite?

A) hardness B) streakC) cleavage D) luster

44. The photograph below shows a piece of halite thathas been recently broken.

Which physical property of halite is demonstrated bythis pattern of breakage?

A)

B)

C)

D)

45. In which set are the rock drawings labeled with theircorrect rock types?

A) calcite B) talcC) halite D) fluorite

46. Which mineral is commonly used as a food additive?

A) density B) fractureC) streak D) luster

47. The diagram below shows the results of one test formineral identification.

Which mineral property is being tested?

A) OlivineB) TalcC) HematiteD) Potassium Feldspar

48. Which mineral has a hardness of 6, and showscleavage?

Base your answers to questions 49 and 50 on map below, which shows areas where certain mineralswere mined in significant amounts during 1989.

A) garnet B) halite C) talc D) gypsum

49. The mineral wollastonite has a hardness of 4.5 to 5. Which New York State mineral could easilyscratch wollastonite?

A) making talcum powder B) vulcanizing rubberC) polishing jewelry D) melting ice

50. What is a common use for the mineral that is mined at the southern end of the two largest FingerLakes?

A) 6.5 B) 2 C) 3 D) 2.5

51. What is the hardness of Sulfur?

A) identifying a mineral sampleB) finding the mass of a mineral sampleC) finding the density of a mineral sampleD) counting the number of cleavage surfaces of a

mineral sample

52. The data table below gives information on mineralhardness.

Moh's scale would be most useful for

A) gypsum B) fluoriteC) orthoclase D) quartz

53. Which mineral will scratch glass (hardness = 5.5),but not pyrite?

A) Galena B) OlivineC) Garnet D) Biotite Mica

54. Which mineral has a greater hardness?

A) 1.8 g/cm3 B) 5.7 g/cm3

C) 6.1 g/cm3 D) 12.2 g/cm3

55. What is the approximate density of a mineral with amass of 262.2 grams that displaces 46 cubiccentimeters of water?

56. Base your answer to the following question on Moh'smineral hardness scale and on the chart belowshowing the approximate hardness of some commonobjects.

A) A fingernail will scratch calcite, but not quartz.B) A fingernail will scratch quartz, but not calcite.C) A piece of glass can be scratched by quartz,

but not by calcite.D) A piece of glass can be scratched by calcite, but

not by quartz.

Which statement is best supported by this scale?

A) muscovite mica B) fluoriteC) olivine D) graphite

57. The graph below shows the hardness of fourminerals.

Which mineral is hard enough to scratch calcite butis not hard enough to scratch amphibole?

A) hardness B) textureC) color D) luster

58. One of the most abundant minerals in beach sand isquartz. Which property of quartz could account forits abundance?

A) the method by which they were formedB) the type of rock in which they are foundC) the size of their crystalsD) their physical and chemical properties

59. Minerals are identified on the basis of

A) color, streak, and ageB) origin, exposure, and fractureC) size, location, and lusterD) hardness, cleavage, and crystal shape

60. The internal atomic structure of a mineral mostlikely determines the mineral's

Base your answers to questions 61 and 62 on thephotograph below. The photograph shows severalbroken samples of the same colorless mineral.

A) quartz B) calciteC) galena D) halite

61. Which mineral is most likely shown in thephotograph?

A) fracture B) hardnessC) streak D) cleavage

62. Which physical property of this mineral is mosteasily seen in the photograph?

A) limestone and marbleB) granite and dolostoneC) sandstone and quartziteD) slate and conglomerate

63. Which two rocks are primarily composed of amineral that bubbles with acid?

A) luster B) streakC) hardness D) cleavage

64. Which mineral property is illustrated by the peelingof muscovite mica into thin, flat sheets?

A) pyrite B) pyroxene C) olivine D) garnet

65. The data table below gives characteristics of the gemstone peridot.

Peridot is a form of the mineral

A) colorB) lusterC) chemical compositionD) hardness

66. A student created the table below by classify sixminerals into two groups, A and B , based on asingle property.

Which property was used to classify' these minerals?

A) magnetite B) pyriteC) hematite D) olivine

67. Which mineral is an ore of iron and has acharacteristic reddish brown streak?

A) hardness B) streakC) cleavage D) density

68. The diagrams below represent fractured samples offour minerals.

Which mineral property is best illustrated by thesamples?

A) rock salt B) rhyoliteC) basalt D) conglomerate

69. Which rock type is most likely to be monomineralic?

A) sulfur and leadB) sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogenC) oxygen, silicon, hydrogen, and magnesiumD) oxygen, silicon, aluminum, and iron

70. The table below shows some observed physicalproperties of a mineral.

Based on these observations, the elements that makeup this mineral's composition are

A) Dolomite can scratch window glass, but can notbe scratched by a fingernail.

B) Dolomite can scratch window glass, but can notbe scratched by a steel nail.

C) Dolomite can scratch a copper penny, butcannot be scratched by a fingernail.

D) Dolomite can scratch a copper penny, butcannot be scratched by a steel nail.

71. The table below shows the hardness of four commonmaterials.

Which statement best describes the hardness of themineral dolomite?

Base your answers to questions 72 and 73 on the data table below, which lists some properties of four minerals that are used as ores of zinc (Zn).

A) all four zinc minerals in the tableB) zincite, but not sphalerite, smithsonite, or willemiteC) zincite and sphalerite, but not smithsonite or willemiteD) zincite, sphalerite, and smithsonite, but not willemite

72. A mineral with a hardness of 5 would scratch

A) zincite B) willemite C) sphalerite D) smithsonite

73. Which mineral belongs in the same mineral group as quartz and olivine?

A) These minerals have the same chemical andphysical properties.

B) These minerals have different chemicalproperties, but they have similar physicalproperties.

C) These minerals have different physical andchemical properties, but they have identicaluses.

D) The physical and chemical properties ofthese minerals determine how humans usethem.

74. Which statement about the minerals plagioclasefeldspar, gypsum, biotite mica, and talc can best beinferred from the chart?

A) A fingernail will scratch calcite but notgypsum.

B) Calcite will be scratched by a copper penny.C) The mineral apatite will scratch topaz.D) A steel file has a hardness of about 7.5.

75. The diagram below shows the index minerals ofMohs hardness scale compared with the hardness ofsome common objects.

Which statement is best supported by the diagram?

A) a lubricantB) an abrasiveC) a source of ironD) a cementing material

76. The mineral graphite is often used as