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Barry Fisher, Conservation Agronomist
NRCS, Indiana
Email: [email protected]
Jump Start Soil ReclamationJump Start Soil Reclamationwithwith
No-Till and Cover CropsNo-Till and Cover Crops
Capturing the Potential of
High Soil Quality!
We Should Expect High Yields with High Residue Cropping Systems
Managing for Soil Quality Will Be Necessary
Are Initial Yields Sustainable ?Are Initial Yields Sustainable ?
Reinvestments That Pay $
•Drainage systems
•Lime
•Cover Crops
Soil Quality!
Reinvestments That Pay $
•Equipment
•Technology
•Buffers
Yield and efficiency!
Poor Structure= Yield Loss
Soil Nutrition
• Management of Base Cations Management of Base Cations Becomes More Important when soil is Becomes More Important when soil is disrupteddisrupted
• Ca- 70% Mg- 15% K- 3.5%Ca- 70% Mg- 15% K- 3.5%
• High Calcium Lime is preferred for no-High Calcium Lime is preferred for no-tilltill
Soil Nutrition
• Each 1 % of O.M. contains:
10,000 lbs. of C
1000 lbs. of N
100 lbs. of P
100 lbs. of S
Manage and Remove CompactionManage and Remove Compaction
Consider cover crops
→Maximize weight distribution
An in-line ripper may needed
Evaluate depth and extent
Soil Quality = High Yield Potential
Biodiversity is the fastest way to high Soil Quality
• Biodiversity provides-Flexibility-Resilience-Resistance
• Above ground diversity is a mirror for below ground diversity.
• Getting root diversity (deep, fibrous, tap…) Helps you tap into nutrients that are otherwise unavailable.
Jill Clapperton2008 NNTC
Diversify your cover
Brassicas and Oats
Build and Maximize
Biology and Vertical
Structure
Soybean root following
previous root channel
Drilled on Oct. 1 at 15 lbs./ac.
Roots down to 51” on April 8
Annual Ryegrass Cover Crop
DeSutter Farm-Fountain Co.
Corn Roots down 70”+ in AugustCorn Roots down 70”+ in August
•We can package a system of soil building practices!
No-TillNutrient Management
Cover Crops
Buffers
IN FY08 EQIP = $ 19 million•Nutrient Management-
–$3 million
•Cover Crops- –$3 million
•No-Till/Strip-Till-– $3.4 million
•Waste Utilization- –$2 million
EQIP Cover Crops – Acres per Year
Contracted
IN FY09 EQIP = $ 11.4 million•Cover Crops- $2 million
EQIP Cover Crops – % of Budget
Contracted
Field Office Technical Guide(FOTG)
Section IVSection IV
Seeding ToolSeeding Tool
• Google- eFOTGGoogle- eFOTG• March 2009March 2009• ExcelExcel
Create a Mix
SARE-Managing Cover Crops Profitably
SARE-Managing Cover Crops Profitably
Cover Crops
• Year-round bio-mass production should be targeted.
• Sequester these gains with continuous No-Till/Strip-Till Systems
How will you seed it?Manure plus Cover Crops
Tim Harrigan, MSU- Slurry Seeded OSR, Oriental Mustard, and other CCs.
Slurry seeded with dairy manure produced significantly higher total biomass
How will you seed it?Air Seeder on a Harrow
•43’ swath at 10 mph•Fast•Cheap•Provides a random plant spacing
How will you seed it?Fly it on
•Most flexible timing•Fast•$12-$16/ac•Provides a random plant spacing•Variable results?
How will you seed it?Drill it
•Most time consuming•Slower•$12-$16/ac•Provides row plant spacing•Surest results
COVER CROPTermination
• KILL IT EARLY! •KILL IT LATE!
EXPERTS AGREE
IT DEPENDS!
COVER CROPTermination
• PLAN EARLY
• KILL TOUGH ONES EARLY• Ryegrass- April 1, or before “Jointing”
• MAXIMIZE TRANSLOCATION• Spray on Sunny Days (>55 degrees)• Use AMS with Low pH Water• Avoid antagonism• NO TRIAZINE• Use 10 Gallons of Water or Less • Apply Early in the Day ( quit by 2 PM)
How will you Kill It?Herbicide…Avoid antagonism!
•Consider the modes of action
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Gyphsate 22 oz. Glypho 22oz plusDegree xtra
King
Bounty
Marshall
% control Glyphosate 51%
Plumer 2006
How will you Kill It?Herbicide…Avoid antagonism!
•Consider the modes of action
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Glyphosate 32 oz. Glyphosate 32 oz.plus Rimsulfuron
King
Bounty
Marshall
% control Glyphosate 41%
Plumer 2006
No-Till
Planter set-up and maintenance is critical
Spread the Weight!Spread the due…Residue!
It’s best to use a systematic approach
Reduced Inner Diameter (RID) Gage Wheel Tires
No-Till planter attachmentsNo-Till planter attachments
Reduced Inner Diameter (RID) Gage Wheel Tires- right side
No-Till planter attachmentsNo-Till planter attachments
Significantly reduces the weight directly over the see slot
RID
Walking Gage Wheels
Seed Firmer
Cover Crop Web Linkshttp://www.covercrops.msu.edu/http://www.covercrops.msu.edu/
http://www.sare.org/publications/http://www.sare.org/publications/
http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/
http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/efotg/http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/efotg/
http://www.mccc.msu.edu/http://www.mccc.msu.edu/
http://web.extension.uiuc.edu/regions/ag/http://web.extension.uiuc.edu/regions/ag/ag2.htmag2.htm