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Bardenpho® ProcessBiological Nutrient Removal System
For more information visit us at www.glv.com© Copyright 2007 GLV. All rights reserved. ETE036
Advantages and Benefits of the Bardenpho Process
BenefitsNo Chemicals • Lower operating costs
• No chemical sludge to dispose
Low Capital Cost • Comparable to conventional waste treatment plants• Biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal without costly
chemical feed systems• Simple design minimizes construction
Simple and Stable to Operate • Few controls to monitor and adjust• Operation similar to conventional activated sludge plants,
requiring no operator retraining• Long SRT provides process stability• Accommodates Carrousel Biological Oxidation System
Stable Sludge • Additional sludge digestion may not be required, allowingdirect disposal
Energy Efficient • Low operating cost• Nitrate removal credit
You Deal with Us • More than half a century commitment to waste treatment• Experience• Recognize technological leadership• Reputable, long-term equipment supplier
A GLV COMPANY
Operating PrincipleBardenpho® Biological Systemsrepresent an advance modifica-tion of the activated sludge pro-cess consisting of a multi-stagebiological reactor. High levels ofBOD, suspended solids, nitrogen,and phosphorus removal are con-sistently achieved without the useof chemicals.
Influent is mixed with activatedsludge, returned from the finalclarifier, in the fermentation stage.After contact, liquid is transportedto an anoxic zone where it ismixed with nitrates from the nitri-fication zone. Oxygen, which isadded in the nitrification zone,converts BOD to carbon dioxide,and ammonia to nitrate. In thesecond anoxic zone, nitrate isreduced to nitrogen gas.
The final stage of the BardenphoProcess is a reaeration zone wherethe dissolved oxygen concentra-tion is the mixed liquor is increasedto prevent phosphorus from beingreleased in the final clarifier.
Biological Nutrient Removal System
2 3
First Anoxic StageMixed liquor containing nitratesfrom the third stage is recycledto the first anoxic stage. Here itis mixed with conditioned sludgefrom the fermentation stage inthe absence of oxygen. Bacteriautilize BOD in the influent, reducingthe nitrates to gaseous nitrogen.Approximately two-thirds of theinfluent nitrogen is removed inthe first anoxic stage.
Nitrification StageOxygen is introduced in the nitrifi-cation stage to oxidize BOD andammonia. BOD is converted tonew cell mass and carbon dioxide.Ammonia is converted to nitrate.Mixed liquor, containing the ni-trates, is recycled back to the firstanoxic stage. Luxury phosphorusuptake by the organisms occursin this stage.
Second Anoxic StageNitrate, no recycled to the firstanoxic stage, is introduced to thesecond anoxic stage where it isreduced (in the absence of oxygen)to nitrogen gas. This produces alow effluent nitrate concentration
Reaeration StageWhen maintained in an aerobicenvironment, the Bardenpho sys-tem mixed liquor contains 5% to6% phosphorus. If the sludge ispermitted to become septic, phos-phorus could be released in thefinal clarifier. Subjecting the sludgeto reaeration introduces additionaloxygen to the mixed liquor, insuringthat it remains aerobic, thus retain-ing phosphorus.
The Bardenpho Process
Process DescriptionFermentation StageActivated sludge, consisting ofa broad spectrum of organisms,is returned from the clarifier tothe fermentation stage. This sludgeis contacted with the plant influ-ent to produce the appropriatestress condition that allows largequantities of phosphorus to beremoved from the wastewaterbiologically in subsequent aerobicstages. Organism stress occursin the absence of dissolved oxygen(DO) and nitrates (NO3).
Operating PrincipleBardenpho® Biological Systemsrepresent an advance modifica-tion of the activated sludge pro-cess consisting of a multi-stagebiological reactor. High levels ofBOD, suspended solids, nitrogen,and phosphorus removal are con-sistently achieved without the useof chemicals.
Influent is mixed with activatedsludge, returned from the finalclarifier, in the fermentation stage.After contact, liquid is transportedto an anoxic zone where it ismixed with nitrates from the nitri-fication zone. Oxygen, which isadded in the nitrification zone,converts BOD to carbon dioxide,and ammonia to nitrate. In thesecond anoxic zone, nitrate isreduced to nitrogen gas.
The final stage of the BardenphoProcess is a reaeration zone wherethe dissolved oxygen concentra-tion is the mixed liquor is increasedto prevent phosphorus from beingreleased in the final clarifier.
Biological Nutrient Removal System
2 3
First Anoxic StageMixed liquor containing nitratesfrom the third stage is recycledto the first anoxic stage. Here itis mixed with conditioned sludgefrom the fermentation stage inthe absence of oxygen. Bacteriautilize BOD in the influent, reducingthe nitrates to gaseous nitrogen.Approximately two-thirds of theinfluent nitrogen is removed inthe first anoxic stage.
Nitrification StageOxygen is introduced in the nitrifi-cation stage to oxidize BOD andammonia. BOD is converted tonew cell mass and carbon dioxide.Ammonia is converted to nitrate.Mixed liquor, containing the ni-trates, is recycled back to the firstanoxic stage. Luxury phosphorusuptake by the organisms occursin this stage.
Second Anoxic StageNitrate, no recycled to the firstanoxic stage, is introduced to thesecond anoxic stage where it isreduced (in the absence of oxygen)to nitrogen gas. This produces alow effluent nitrate concentration
Reaeration StageWhen maintained in an aerobicenvironment, the Bardenpho sys-tem mixed liquor contains 5% to6% phosphorus. If the sludge ispermitted to become septic, phos-phorus could be released in thefinal clarifier. Subjecting the sludgeto reaeration introduces additionaloxygen to the mixed liquor, insuringthat it remains aerobic, thus retain-ing phosphorus.
The Bardenpho Process
Process DescriptionFermentation StageActivated sludge, consisting ofa broad spectrum of organisms,is returned from the clarifier tothe fermentation stage. This sludgeis contacted with the plant influ-ent to produce the appropriatestress condition that allows largequantities of phosphorus to beremoved from the wastewaterbiologically in subsequent aerobicstages. Organism stress occursin the absence of dissolved oxygen(DO) and nitrates (NO3).
The Bardenpho Process
4 5
No Expensive Chemical RequiredLow effluent concentrations ofBOD, nitrogen and phosphorusare achieved using the BardenphoProcess with little or no costlychemical additives. Reliability hasbeen demonstrated at installa-tions obtaining an AWT 5-5-3-1effluent (BOD, SS, N, P).
Operating costs are lower thanconventional nutrient removalprocesses. Also, the stable sludgecan be disposed of directly, notlike voluminous hard to handlechemical sludges.
Simple and Stable OperationBardenpho Systems are similarto conventional activated sludgeplants, and personnel do not re-quire retraining. The flowsheetis simple, with few control param-eters to measure and adjust.
Compatible with the Carrousel®
Biological Oxidation SystemsTypically, a Carrousel System isused as the nitrification stage inthe Bardenpho Process. Manyadvantages associated with theCarrousel System therefore areinherently obtained. These advan-tages include lower constructionand energy costs, while improvingcontrol and performance.
Existing Carrousel Systems can beupgraded to a Bardenpho Processwhen regulations change, requir-ing strict control of nitrogen andphosphorus.
Low Cost SystemBy eliminating chemicals fromthe process, Bardenpho Systemscan reduce operating costs asmuch as $400,000 per MGD overan estimated 20 year life. Otheroperating costs are similarly re-duced.
Construction costs for a BardenphoSystem are comparable to con-ventional activated sludge plantsdesigned for secondary treatment,and only one-third to one-half thatof other AWT plants.
Complete Process Design andTechnical Support ServicesOur company provides completeBardenpho design and technicalsupport services for BardenphoProcess treatment facilities. Ourengineers have applied this pro-prietary technology* in designingover forty installations for theworld's most sensitive and closelyregulated watersheds. Perhapsthe most telling tribute to the flex-ibility and effectiveness of theBardenpho Process is the factthat every one of these facilitiesoperates in full compliance withits discharge permit.
Removal of Nutrients, Nitrogen and Phosphorus
*Bardenpho systems include the wastewater treatment processes covered by EimcoWater Technologies U.S. patent number 3,964,998 and Bardenpho design, licensing,technical and start-up assistance services for treatment basins utilizing these processes.
The overall Bardenpho Processis similar to a conventional acti-vated sludge flowsheet. Raw orsettled sewage (waste) enters thebiological reactor and is mixedwith return settled sludge. Mixedliquor from the reactor flows to
a clarifier where biological solidsare removed from the treatedwastewater and are recycled toa reactor basin. A portion of thesludge is wasted, removing excess
cell material generated duringprocessing. Sludge wasting alsoremoves phosphorus from thesystem.
The Bardenpho Process
4 5
No Expensive Chemical RequiredLow effluent concentrations ofBOD, nitrogen and phosphorusare achieved using the BardenphoProcess with little or no costlychemical additives. Reliability hasbeen demonstrated at installa-tions obtaining an AWT 5-5-3-1effluent (BOD, SS, N, P).
Operating costs are lower thanconventional nutrient removalprocesses. Also, the stable sludgecan be disposed of directly, notlike voluminous hard to handlechemical sludges.
Simple and Stable OperationBardenpho Systems are similarto conventional activated sludgeplants, and personnel do not re-quire retraining. The flowsheetis simple, with few control param-eters to measure and adjust.
Compatible with the Carrousel®
Biological Oxidation SystemsTypically, a Carrousel System isused as the nitrification stage inthe Bardenpho Process. Manyadvantages associated with theCarrousel System therefore areinherently obtained. These advan-tages include lower constructionand energy costs, while improvingcontrol and performance.
Existing Carrousel Systems can beupgraded to a Bardenpho Processwhen regulations change, requir-ing strict control of nitrogen andphosphorus.
Low Cost SystemBy eliminating chemicals fromthe process, Bardenpho Systemscan reduce operating costs asmuch as $400,000 per MGD overan estimated 20 year life. Otheroperating costs are similarly re-duced.
Construction costs for a BardenphoSystem are comparable to con-ventional activated sludge plantsdesigned for secondary treatment,and only one-third to one-half thatof other AWT plants.
Complete Process Design andTechnical Support ServicesOur company provides completeBardenpho design and technicalsupport services for BardenphoProcess treatment facilities. Ourengineers have applied this pro-prietary technology* in designingover forty installations for theworld's most sensitive and closelyregulated watersheds. Perhapsthe most telling tribute to the flex-ibility and effectiveness of theBardenpho Process is the factthat every one of these facilitiesoperates in full compliance withits discharge permit.
Removal of Nutrients, Nitrogen and Phosphorus
*Bardenpho systems include the wastewater treatment processes covered by EimcoWater Technologies U.S. patent number 3,964,998 and Bardenpho design, licensing,technical and start-up assistance services for treatment basins utilizing these processes.
The overall Bardenpho Processis similar to a conventional acti-vated sludge flowsheet. Raw orsettled sewage (waste) enters thebiological reactor and is mixedwith return settled sludge. Mixedliquor from the reactor flows to
a clarifier where biological solidsare removed from the treatedwastewater and are recycled toa reactor basin. A portion of thesludge is wasted, removing excess
cell material generated duringprocessing. Sludge wasting alsoremoves phosphorus from thesystem.
Palmetto, FloridaOperation of the Palmetto, Floridaadvanced secondary treatmentsystem began in October 1979.It is the first Bardenpho Processtreatment facility in North Americaand is rated at 1.4 MGD. Perfor-mance results for six months of1983, which are shown below,are typical of the outstandingperformance achieved sincestart-up.
Note the wide variation of influentconditions - flow from .89 MGDto 1.6 MGD; BOD5 from 156 to 76;SS from 136 to 62. This demon-strates the ability of the BardenphoProcess to adapt to variations inflow and wastewater concentra-tion. Influent TKN was typicallyabout 35 mg/l and phosphorousabout 6 mg/l. Effluent quality foreach constituent is below Stateand Federal requirements.
Typical Operating Installations - Bardenpho Process
6 7
Orange County Florida EasterlySub-regional WWTPThe Easterly Orange CountyWastewater Treatment Plant be-gan operation as a 6 MGD facilityin early 1984. It consists of a full5-stage Bardenpho Process withCarrousel aeration used in thenitrification stage.
The Easterly Orange CountyBardenpho flowsheet is designedfor Overland Flow / Wetlandseffluent disposal. This requiresa very high quality effluent whichis consistently as good as thereceiving water for protectionof Wetland wildlife. Thus alumpolishing is used to trim effluentphosphorus values to well below1mg/l.
Other facilities worldwide cur-rently have operating BardenphoSystems and more are in designand construction phases. These
plants range in size from about1 MGD to over 40 MGD with variousclimatic and influent conditions.
Typical Operating Installations - Bardenpho Process
EASTERLY ORANGE COUNTY, FLORIDAPERFORMANCE RESULTS
Monthly Average - 1985
Effluent Bod TSS TN TPJanuary 2 2 1.9 0.2February 2 1 1.5 0.2March 2 1 1.3 0.2April 2 2 1.6 0.4May 2 2 2.3 2June 2 1 1 1.7July 2 2 2.9 1.9August 2 2 2.9 1.9September 2 2 2.5 0.4October 1 2 1.7 0.2November 2 2 2.1 0.3December 2 1 2.5 0.7
* Alum was not being added for phosphorus removal during the indicated months. Alum was added during themonths without asterisks for removal of P. A minimal dosage of alum is typical added immediately upstream of finalclarification.
PALMETTO, FLORIDA WWTPPERFORMANCE RESULTS
Monthly Averages - 1983
Influent June July August September October NovemberQ, MGD 0.89 0.95 1.58 1.6 1.14 1.1BOD,mg.1 156 127 76 81 92 132SS, mg/1 136 122 62 65 128 133
EffluentBOD, mg/1 1.6 1.5 2.2 1.5 1.7 1.8SS, mg/1 2 1 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.6Total N, mg/1 2.4 2 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.8NO, N, mg/1 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8NH, N, mg/1 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3Total N, mg/1 *1.7 *1.2 0.6 0.5 *1.0 0.4
Palmetto, FloridaOperation of the Palmetto, Floridaadvanced secondary treatmentsystem began in October 1979.It is the first Bardenpho Processtreatment facility in North Americaand is rated at 1.4 MGD. Perfor-mance results for six months of1983, which are shown below,are typical of the outstandingperformance achieved sincestart-up.
Note the wide variation of influentconditions - flow from .89 MGDto 1.6 MGD; BOD5 from 156 to 76;SS from 136 to 62. This demon-strates the ability of the BardenphoProcess to adapt to variations inflow and wastewater concentra-tion. Influent TKN was typicallyabout 35 mg/l and phosphorousabout 6 mg/l. Effluent quality foreach constituent is below Stateand Federal requirements.
Typical Operating Installations - Bardenpho Process
6 7
Orange County Florida EasterlySub-regional WWTPThe Easterly Orange CountyWastewater Treatment Plant be-gan operation as a 6 MGD facilityin early 1984. It consists of a full5-stage Bardenpho Process withCarrousel aeration used in thenitrification stage.
The Easterly Orange CountyBardenpho flowsheet is designedfor Overland Flow / Wetlandseffluent disposal. This requiresa very high quality effluent whichis consistently as good as thereceiving water for protectionof Wetland wildlife. Thus alumpolishing is used to trim effluentphosphorus values to well below1mg/l.
Other facilities worldwide cur-rently have operating BardenphoSystems and more are in designand construction phases. These
plants range in size from about1 MGD to over 40 MGD with variousclimatic and influent conditions.
Typical Operating Installations - Bardenpho Process
EASTERLY ORANGE COUNTY, FLORIDAPERFORMANCE RESULTS
Monthly Average - 1985
Effluent Bod TSS TN TPJanuary 2 2 1.9 0.2February 2 1 1.5 0.2March 2 1 1.3 0.2April 2 2 1.6 0.4May 2 2 2.3 2June 2 1 1 1.7July 2 2 2.9 1.9August 2 2 2.9 1.9September 2 2 2.5 0.4October 1 2 1.7 0.2November 2 2 2.1 0.3December 2 1 2.5 0.7
* Alum was not being added for phosphorus removal during the indicated months. Alum was added during themonths without asterisks for removal of P. A minimal dosage of alum is typical added immediately upstream of finalclarification.
PALMETTO, FLORIDA WWTPPERFORMANCE RESULTS
Monthly Averages - 1983
Influent June July August September October NovemberQ, MGD 0.89 0.95 1.58 1.6 1.14 1.1BOD,mg.1 156 127 76 81 92 132SS, mg/1 136 122 62 65 128 133
EffluentBOD, mg/1 1.6 1.5 2.2 1.5 1.7 1.8SS, mg/1 2 1 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.6Total N, mg/1 2.4 2 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.8NO, N, mg/1 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8NH, N, mg/1 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3Total N, mg/1 *1.7 *1.2 0.6 0.5 *1.0 0.4
Bardenpho® ProcessBiological Nutrient Removal System
For more information visit us at www.glv.com© Copyright 2007 GLV. All rights reserved. ETE036
Advantages and Benefits of the Bardenpho Process
BenefitsNo Chemicals • Lower operating costs
• No chemical sludge to dispose
Low Capital Cost • Comparable to conventional waste treatment plants• Biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal without costly
chemical feed systems• Simple design minimizes construction
Simple and Stable to Operate • Few controls to monitor and adjust• Operation similar to conventional activated sludge plants,
requiring no operator retraining• Long SRT provides process stability• Accommodates Carrousel Biological Oxidation System
Stable Sludge • Additional sludge digestion may not be required, allowingdirect disposal
Energy Efficient • Low operating cost• Nitrate removal credit
You Deal with Us • More than half a century commitment to waste treatment• Experience• Recognize technological leadership• Reputable, long-term equipment supplier
A GLV COMPANY
