Bo Co Thc Tp Qun L Trng i Hc in Lc Khoa Qun L Nng LngMc Lc

M u2Chng I : Nhng Vn C Bn V Tn Tht in Nng.2I.nh ngha tn tht in nng.2II.Phn loi tn tht in nng.2a.Tn tht in nng k thut2b.Tn tht in nng phi k thut.3c.Tn tht in nng trn ng dy v trong trm bin p.3Cc phng php phn tch tnh hnh tn tht.9Chng II13Thc Trng Tn Tht in Nng Ti Cng Ty Truyn Ti in 1, Cc Bin Php Lm Gim Tn Tht Li in Ti Cng Ty13I.Khi qut v cng ty truyn ti in13a.Lch s pht trin cng ty.13b.c im sn xut kinh doanh ca Cng ty18c.Khi lng qun l18d.T chc qun l.19II.Cc bin php xc nh tn tht khu vc v nhn dng tn tht in nng.211.Xc nh tn tht in nng thc hin qua h thng cng t o m.212.Xc nh tn tht in nng qua tnh ton tn tht in nng k thut.22III.Cc bin php qun l k thut - vn hnh gim tn tht in nng.231.Cc nguyn nhn lm tng tn tht in nng k thut232.Cc bin php qun l k thut vn hnh gim tn tht in nng.24IV.Cc bin php qun l kinh doanh gim tn tht in nng :251.Cc nguyn nhn lm tng tn tht in nng trong qun l kinh doanh :252.Cc bin php qun l kinh doanh gim tn thp in nng.26V.Nguyn tc tnh ton.271.Tnh ton tn tht in nng qu kh thng qua s liu o m.272.Tnh ton tn tht in nng tng lai thng qua s liu d bo.313.Trnh t tnh ton tn tht in nng tng lai thng qua s liu d bo.32Chng III Kt Lun39 xut gii php tn tht in nng ti cng ty truyn ti in 1:39

M uTheo s liu t cng ty truyn ti in 1, tnh ring tn tht in nng li in ti min bc nm 2010 l hn 392 triu KW in. Nu c th gim c tn tht in nng trn li in, Vit Nam s tit kim c khng t in nng, ng ngha vi n l tit kim c 1 s lng khng nh ti nguyn thin nhin dng cho sn xut in nng. Bi bo co ny trnh by nhng hiu bit ca em ti cng ty truyn ti in 1 qua thi gian thc tp va qua. Em xin chn thnh cm n s ch bo tn tnh ca c L Na trong thi gian thc tp va qua gip em hon thin bi bo co ny, em cng chn thnh cm n mi ngi trong cng ty truyn ti in nhit tnh gip em em c th hon thnh tt t thc tp ny.Chng I : Nhng Vn C Bn V Tn Tht in Nng.

I. nh ngha tn tht in nng.Tn tht theo ngha n gin l s hao ht v tr s ca mt qu trnh. Tn tht in c tnh bng hiu s ca in sn xut ra v in tiu th (in thng phm). T l tn tht l s % ca in tn tht so vi in sn xut.Tn tht in nng trn li in l lng in nng tiu hao cho qu trnh truyn ti v phn phi in khi ti in t ranh gii giao nhn vi cc nh my pht in qua cc li in truyn ti, li in phn phi ti cc h tiu th in. Tn tht in nng cn c gi l in nng dng truyn ti v phn phi in. Trong h thng in, tn tht in nng ph thuc vo mch in, lng in truyn ti, kh nng phn phi v vai tr ca cng tc qun l.II. Phn loi tn tht in nng.Tn tht in nng bao gm 2 loi tn tht l tn tht k thut v tn tht phi k thut.a. Tn tht in nng k thutTrong qu trnh truyn ti v phn phi in nng t cc nh my in n cc h tiu th in din ra mt qu trnh vt l l dng in khi i qua my bin p, dy dn, v cc thit b trn h thng li in lm nng my bin p, dy dn v cc thit b dn in dn n lm tiu hao in nng, ng dy dn in cao p t 110 KV tr xung cn c tn tht vng quang. Dng in qua cp ngm, t in cn c tn tht do in mi, ng dy in i song song vi cc ng dy khc nh dy chng st, dy thng tin, . C tn hao in nng do h cm. Tn tht in nng k thut l tiu hao in nng tt yu xy ra trong qu trnh truyn ti v phn phi in, bao gm : Tn tht ph thuc dng in : Do dy dn, my bin p, thit b trn li u c tr khng, khi dng in chy qua gy tiu hao in nng, do pht nng my bin p, dy dn v cc thit b in. y l thnh phn ch yu gy tn tht trong h thng in. Tn tht ph thuc in p : Tn tht trong li thp ca my bin p. Tn tht do in mi. Tn tht trong cun p ca cng t. Tn tht do d in. Tn tht vng quang.b. Tn tht in nng phi k thut.Tn tht in nng phi k thut hay cn gi l tn tht in nng thng mi l do tnh trng vi phm trong s dng in nh : ly cp in di nhiu hnh thc ( cu mc in trc tip, lm sai lch mch o m in nng, gy h hng, cht chy cng t, cc thit b o lng, ). Do ch quan ca ngi qun l khi TU mt pha, TI, cng t cht, chy khng x l, thay th kp thi, b st hoc ghi sai ch s. do khng thc hin ng chu k kim nh v thay th cng t nh k theo php lnh ca Php lnh o lng. u nhm, u sai s u dy, dn n in nng bn cho khch hng o c qua h thng o m thp hn in nng khch hng s dng. c. Tn tht in nng trn ng dy v trong trm bin p. Tn tht in nng trn ng dy.Tr s tn tht in nng trong bt k 1 phn t no ca mng in u ph thuc vo tnh cht v s thay i ca ph ti trong thi gian kho st.Trong thi gian kho st t, nu ph ti ca mng in khng thay i v c tn tht cng sut tc dng l P th tn tht in nng s bng :A = P.tNhng thc t ph ti ca ng dy ca mng in lun lun thay i theo thi gian (bin thin theo th ph ti ca cc h tiu th, theo tnh trng lm vic ca cc nh my in), v vy cng thc tnh tn tht in nng s l :A = Thng thng P l 1 hm s phc tp ca thi gian t, rt kh tch phn nn biu thc trn ch c ngha l thuyt. tnh tn tht in nng trn thc t ngi ta dng phng php khc.Ty theo ni dung ca m hnh ton hc c s dng, ngi ta chia thnh 2 nhm phng php : phng php xc nh v phng php xc sut thng k. Xc nh tn tht in nng theo th ph ti.Phng php chnh xc nht l xc nh tn tht in nng theo th ph ti, trong tn tht cng sut xc nh theo tng bc ca th ph ti (phng php phn tch th).Tn tht in nng c tnh tng gi. T cc thng s s hnh thnh th ph ti ngy m v t xy dng th ph ti nm. th ph ti ngy m biu th s bin i cng sut ca ph ti trong 1 ngy m.Da vo th ph ti nm, chng ta c th xc nh c tn tht in nng trong 1 nm. n gin, chng ta xt th ph ti nm c 3 bc, ng vi mi bc l 1 ch ph ti v khi tnh c tn tht in nng trn ng dy.P1 = v tn tht in nng A1 = P1.tng vi bc 2 ca th ph ti, ta c :P2 = v tn tht in nng A2 = P2.tng vi bc 3 ca th ph ti, ta c :P3 = v tn tht in nng A3 = P3.t.Nu th ph ti nm c N bc, ta c cng thc :Pi = vi i = 1, N.Vy tn tht in nng c nm bng :A = . Trong ti l khong thi gian ca bc th i c gi tr ph ti l Pi . Tn tht in nngtrong trm bin p. Trm c 1 my bin p.Khi trm ch c 1 my bin p th tn tht in nng ca trm c tnh theo cng thc : A = PFe . t + PCu max . Trong : t: thi gian my bin p vn hnh.: thi gian tn tht cng sut ln nht. PCu max : tn tht ng trong my bin p lc ph ti cc i. Trm c nhiu my bin p vn hnh song song.My bin p c ghp nhiu hay t l ty theo phng thc vn hnh ca trm theo th ph ti. Cc my bin p ghp song song c dung lng ging nhau.

Hnh 1: th ph ti trong 1 nm.Gi thit trm bin p c th ph ti hng nm nh hnh trn v c phng thc vn hnh nh sau :Ph ti ca trm bin p l S1 ta dng n1 my bin p ghp song song, vn hnh trong thi gian t1 gi.Ph ti ca trm bin p l S2 ta dng n2 my bin p ghp song song, vn hnh trong thi gian t2 gi.Coi in p t vo my bin p sut nm khng i v bng Um th tn tht in nng ca trm bin p l :A = (n1.PFe.t1 + n2.PFe.t2 + Vit gn li nh sau :A = Nu c n my bin p ghp song song vn hnh sut nm ta c th vit :

Trong : : tn tht ca 1 my khi ph ti ca trm t cc i.

Cc my bin p ghp song song c dung lng khc nhau.Trong trng hp cc my bin p c cng sut khc nhau lm vic song song, trc ht cn phi tm s phn b ph ti gia chng.i vi cc my bin p c in p ngn mch %uN bng nhau (1 trong nhng iu kin cho php my bin p vn hnh song song), th ph ti phn b gia chng c th xem nh t l vi cng sut nh mc ca chng.V d trm c ghp song song 2 my bin p B1 v B2, khi ph ti ca ton trm l S th ph ti ca my B1 nhn l S1v my B2 nhn l S1 v bng : v Trong :Sm1 v Sm2 l cng sut nh mc ca my bin p v B2. l tng cng sut nh mc ca cc my bin p ghp song song. = + Sau khi bit cng sut phn b cho tng my bin p ta tnh ring tn tht in nng cho tng my. Yu t nh hng n tn tht in nng. Trm bin p. Tn tht cng sut.Tn tht cng sut trong my bin p gm 2 phn sau : Phn khng i : y l tn tht khng lin quan n ph ti ca my, l tn tht trong li st SFe v thng gi l tn tht st. Tn tht ny c xc nh theo cc s liu k thut ca my bin p :SFe = PFe + jQFe PFe = AP0 l tn tht cng sut tc dng lc my bin p khng ti.QFe : tn tht gy t trong li st. Tr s QFe c tnh theo dng khng ti I0%.QFe = Phn thay i : phn ny ph thuc cng sut ti ca my bin p hay cn gi l tn tht ng. C th xc nh tn tht ng trong my bin p.

Trong : S : cng sut ti ca my bin p.Sm : cng sut nh mc ca my bin p.PN : tn tht ngn mch.Trong cng thc trn th Rb v Xb phi tng thch vi U. Ngha l khi tnh Rb v Xb theo in p no th phi s dng in p .Trong trng hp c n my bin p ging nhau, lm vic song song th tn tht cng sut trong n my bng :P =

Tn tht in nng.Tn tht in nng trong my bin p gm 2 thnh phn : Phn khng ph thuc vo ph ti xc nh theo thi gian lm vic my bin p. Phn ph thuc vo ph ti xc nh theo th ph ti, nu cng sut my bin p c th nh ph ti th dng Tmax tnh Tn tht in nng 1 nm tnh theo l :

Trong : Tb : thi gian vn hnh nm ca my bin p.Smax : ph ti cc i nm ca my bin p.Nu c n my bin p ging nhau lm vic song song th tn tht in nng trong n my l :

ng dyng dy cng di v tit din cng nh th tn tht cng ln. Li in h p c tn tht ln hn li cao p, nn vn chn dy dn v in p truyn ti c nh hng ch yu n tn tht. Tn tht cng sutTn tht cng sut trn 1 pha ca ng dy l :

Trn 3 pha l :P = 3.Nu thay theo cng sut ta c cng thc cui cng :

V cng sut phn khng :

Trong cc cng thc trn P, Q, U phi ly gi tr ti cng 1 thi im trn ng dy. Trong tnh ton gn ng c th ly U = Um ca ng dy cn cng sut ly u hoc cui ng dy.Tn tht cng sut c tnh theo ch max nm ca ng dy tnh tn tht in nng v tnh yu cu cng sut i vi ngun in. Tn tht cng sut l khng th trnh khi, n c tc hi l i hi kh nng pht ca ngun v kh nng ti ca li, do phi gi tn tht cng sut mc hp l. Tn tht in nng do tn tht cng sut tc dng.Tn tht cng sut tc dng gy ra tn tht in nng trn in tr R ca li in, l tch phn ca tn tht cng sut theo thi gian vn hnh :

Ch vn hnhTn tht k thut trong vn hnh c tnh nh sau :

ly theo j l cc ma trong nm.Trong quy hoch tnh theo Tmax cn Tmax li ly theo gi tr thng k ca cc loi ph ti, tnh theo th ph ti c trng, cng l gi tr c trng. V mt quy hoch l chp nhn c, v y s so snh l tng i.Cn trong vn hnh tnh tn tht thc s ca 1 li in c th, p dng cc gi tr thng k cho sai s ln. Mun tnh c chnh xc tn tht th phi c gi tr o c ca th ph ti ca tng on li trong sut c nm. Ta d dng thy rng v mt k thut v kinh t vic ny khng th thc hin c. gim tn tht th chng ta cn nng cao in p vn hnh ca li in, nh nng in p t 6, 10 KV ln 20, 35 KV hoc 35 KV ln 110 KV.Hon thin cu trc li c th vn hnh vi tn tht nh nht. Vn hnh kinh t trm bin p c nhiu my bin p. Chn ng cng sut my bin p ph hp vi yu cu ph ti, trnh hin tng my bin p chy qu non ti . Cng tc kim tra v thit b o mThng xuyn kim tra li in hn ch r in, nu c s c th phi nhanh chng khc phc s c.Tng cng kim tra, thay th cng t lm vic km hiu qu, phc tra ch s cng t nhm pht hin nhng trng hp ghi sai v s l theo quy nh.y mnh vic kim tra, thay th cng t nh k, cht chy v hon thin cc hm cng t. m bo chu k kim nh, nh k theo quy nh nh nc. Hng nm cn c vo thng k s lng cng t vn hnh trn li theo thi gian kim nh.Ngoi ra, vic u t, b sung thm cc trang thit b tin tin trong khu o m v th nghim hiu chnh cng t s gp phn quan trng trong vic gim tn tht in nng. Yu t con ngiCng c th coi y l 1 yu t rt quan trng, cn phi c s quan tm c bit n yu t ny. Tn tht do k thut gy ra chng ta c th o m c nhng tn tht do con ngi gy ra thng qua vic lm sai lch nhng con s n hi l, tham , th khng th o m c. Cc phng php phn tch tnh hnh tn tht. Phng php so snh.L phng php lu i nht v c p dng rng ri nht. So snh trong phn tch kinh t l i chiu cc ch tiu, cc hin tng kinh t c lng ha c cng 1 ni dung, 1 tnh cht tng t nhau. Phn loi : So snh cc s liu thc hin vi s liu nh mc hay k hoch. So snh s liu thc t gia cc k, cc nm. So snh s liu thc hin vi cc thng s k thut kinh t trung bnh hoc tin tin. So snh cc s liu ca x nghip mnh vi cc s liu ca x nghip tng ng hoc vi i th cnh tranh. So snh cc thng s k thut kinh t ca cc phng n kinh t khc.u im ln nht ca phng php so snh l c th tch ra c nhng nt chung, nt ring ca cc hin tng c so snh, trn c s nh gi c nt pht trin hay km pht trin, hiu qu hay km hiu qu tm cc bin php qun l ti u cho mi trng hp c th. i hi c tnh nguyn tc khi p dng phng php so snh : Cc ch tiu hay cc kt qu tnh ton phi tng ng nhau v ni dung phn nh v cch xc nh. Trong phn tch so snh c th so snh s tuyt i, s tng i v s bnh qun.S tuyt i l s tp hp trc tip t cc yu t cu thnh hin tng kinh t c phn nh. V d : tng sn lng, tng chi ph lu thng, phn tch bng s tuyt i cho thy c khi lng quy m ca hin tng kinh t. Cc s tuyt i phi c cng 1 ni dung phn nh, cch tnh ton xc nh, phm vi, kt cu v n v o lng ca hin tng, v th dung lng ng dng tuyt i trong phn tch so snh nm trong 1 khun kh nht nh. S tng i l s biu th di dng s phn trm s t l hoc h s. S dng s tng i c th nh gi c s thay i kt cu cc hin tng kinh t, c bit cho php lin kt cc ch tiu khng tng ng phn tch so snh. Chng hn thit lp mi quan h gia 2 ch tiu khi lng hng ha tiu th v li nhun suy din, nu tng khi lng hng ha ln 1% th c th tng tng li nhun ln 1%. Tuy nhin s tng i khng phn nh c cht lng bn trong cng nh quy m ca hin tng kinh t. Bi vy, trong nhiu trng hp khi so snh cn kt hp ng thi c s tuyt i ln s tng i. S bnh qun l s phn nh mt chung nht ca hin tng, b qua s pht trin khng ng u ca cc b phn cu thnh hin tng kinh t. S bnh qun c th biu th di dng s tuyt i (nng sut lao ng bn qun, vn lu ng bnh qun,). Cng c th biu th di dng s tng i (t sut ph bnh qun, t sut doanh li,). S dng s bnh qun cho php nhn nh tng qut v hot ng kinh t ca doanh nghip, xy dng cc mc kinh t k thut.Tuy nhin vn lu rng s lng m s bnh qun phn nh khng tn ti trong thc t. Bi vy khi s dng n cn tnh ti cc khon dao ng ti a. Phng php thay th lin hon.Thay th lin hon l ln lt thay th s liu gc hoc s liu k hoch bng s liu thc t ca nhn t nh hng ti 1 ch tiu kinh t c phn tch theo ng logic quan h gia cc nhn t. Phng php thay th lin hon ny c th p dng c khi mi quan h gia cc ch tiu v gia cc nhn t, cc hin tng kinh t c th biu th bng 1 hm s. Thay th lin hon thng c s dng tnh ton mc nh hng ca cc nhn t tc ng cng 1 ch tiu c phn tch. Trong phng php ny nhn t thay th l nhn t c tnh mc nh hng, cn cc nhn t khc gi nguyn, lc so snh mc chnh lch hm s gia ci trc n v ci c thay th s tnh c mc nh hng ca nhn t c thay th. Gi s ch tiu A c mi quan h is2 nhn t, v mi quan h c th biu th di dng hm s :A = f(X,Y)V :A0 = f(X0,Y0)A1 = f(X1,Y1) tnh ton nh hng ca cc nhn t X v Y ti ch tiu A. Thay th ln lt X,Y. Lc gi s thay th nhn t X trc Y ta c : Mc nh hng ca nhn t X n ch tiu A :X = f(X1,Y0) - f(X0,Y0)Mc nh hng ca nhn t Y n ch tiu A :Y = f(X1,Y1) - f(X0,Y1)Nh vy khi trnh t thay th khc nhau, c th thu c kt qu khc nhau v mc nh hng ca cng 1 nhn t ti cng 1 ch tiu. y l nhc im ni bt ca phng php ny.Xc nh trnh t lin hon hp l l 1 yu cu khi s dng phng php ny. Trn t thay th lin hon trong cc ti liu thng c quy nh nh sau : Nhn t khi lng thay th trc, nhn t trng lng thay th sau. Nhn t ban u thay th trc, nhn t th pht thay th sau. Khi c th phn bit r rng cc nhn t nh hng th vn dng nguyn tc trn trong thay th lin hon kh thun tin. Trong trng hp c nhiu nhn t cht lng, khi lng, nhng nhn t c cng tnh cht nh nhau, vic xc nh trn t thay th tr nn kh khn, 1 s ti liu tm c phng php tch phn, vi phn thay th cho phng php ny. Vi v d nu trn ta c :A = f(X,Y)dA = fx.dx + fy.dy vAx = fx.dxAy = fy.dyKhi ch tiu thc t so vi ch tiu gc chnh lch khng qu 5 -10% th kt qu tnh ton c trong bt k trnh t thay th no cng xp x bng nhau. Mt s bin dng na ca phng php ny l phng php s chnh lch. Trong phng php ny xc nh mc nh hng ca tng nhn t, ngi ta s dng s chnh lch so snh ca tng nhn t tnh ton. Cng vi v d trn ta c : A = f(X,Y) vi trt t thay th X trc, Y sau :Ax = f(X,Y0) vi X = X1 X0Ay = f(X1,Y) vi Y = Y1 Y0Phng php s chnh lch ngn gn, n gin. Tuy nhin, khi s dng cn ch : Du nh hng ca cc nhn t ti ch tiu phn tch trng vi du ca nhn t chnh lch nhn t nu trong hm s biu th mi lin h ca nhn t vi ch tiu du () hoc du (+). Du nh hng ca cc nhn t ti ch tiu c phn tch trng vi du ca s chnh lch nhn t nu trong hm s biu th mi lin h ca nhn t vi ch tiu l du () hoc du (-). Phng php th.L phng php m t v phn tch cc hin tng kinh t di dng khc nhau ca th : biu trn v c ng cong ca th.u im ca phng php ny l c tnh khi qut rt cao. Phng php th c bit c tc dng khi m t v phn tch cc hin tng kinh t tng qut, tru tng, v d nh phn tch quan h cung cu hong ha, quan h gia chi ph v quy m sn xut kinh doanh, khi cc mi quan h gia cc hin tng kinh t c biu th bng 1 hm s (hoc 1 h phng trnh) c th, phng php th cho php xc nh cc ln ca i tng phn tch cng nh s tc ng ca cc nhn t nh hng.

Chng IIThc Trng Tn Tht in Nng Ti Cng Ty Truyn Ti in 1, Cc Bin Php Lm Gim Tn Tht Li in Ti Cng Ty

I. Khi qut v cng ty truyn ti ina. Lch s pht trin cng ty. Qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ca Cng ty Truyn ti in 1Tn Cng ty: Cng ty Truyn ti in 1a ch: 15 Ph Ca Cc Ba nh H NiTn giao dch quc t: Power Transmission Company No1 (vit tt l PTC1)Tn doanh nghip cp trn trc tip: Tng cng ty Truyn tai in Quc gia (vit tt la NPT)Quy m hin ti ca doanh nghip: gm 2.304 ngiTng ngun vn: 3.881.156.264.046 (ng).. Nh li thi gian u sau khi n v tin thn ca Cng ty Truyn ti in 1 l S Truyn ti in min Bc c thnh lp (nm 1981), gn 200 CBCNV Cng ty khi c nhim v qun l vn hnh 7 tram bin ap (TBA) v 145 km ng dy (Z) 110 kV xung quanh khu vc H Ni, H Ty (c) trong iu kin cc k kh khn. Nhim v t ra l bng mi cch phi gi cho dng in an ton lin tc, phc v nhu cu pht trin kinh t x hi. Nhng bt li l h thng li truyn ti in qu gi ci, thit b khng ng b v khng c thit b d phng, iu kin bo dng eo hp. Nhiu trm bin p 220 kV, k c cc trm nt quan trng, vn hnh theo s kt dy tm b, nhiu tuyn ng dy, nhiu trm bin p phi vn hnh qu ti. Nhng ngi th truyn ti lun canh cnh ni lo s c, c bit ph bin l cc s c pht nng, t dy, tt lo. Nm 1992, trc xng sng ca h thng in quc gia - ng dy siu cao p 500 kV Bc Nam c khi cng xy dng. Song hnh vi lc lng xy lp ng dy, nhng ngi th truyn ti ca PTC1 cng khn trng chun b mi iu kin tip nhn, a cng trnh vo vn hnh. Cng ty c cp trn tin tng giao nhim v bin son h thng Quy trnh, Quy phm, t chc gim st, nghim thu, tip qun a ng dy vo vn hnh. Bc ngot cng nh trng trch mi t ln vai lnh truyn ti PTC1 bt u, khi thng 5/1994, ng dy 500 kV Bc - Nam chnh thc ho li h thng in Quc gia. c th ng dy 500 kV Bc Nam l i qua hu ht cc khu vc ni cao, rng su, ng s kh khn, dn c tha tht, trnh dn tr thp, cy ci trong v ngoi hnh lang rm rp, pht trin ti sinh rt nhanh, nn lun tim n nguy c s c. CBCNV Cng ty Truyn ti in 1 tp trung tr tu, khng qun ngi kh khn, gian kh tm cc gii php tng bc lm ch thit b v t chc qun l vn hnh an ton, cung cp in n nh cho cc tnh min Bc. Trong , Cng ty tp trung y mnh cng tc tuyn truyn, chuyn i c cu cy trng trong hnh lang, x hi ho cng tc bo v ng dy, cng vi cc cng vic sa cha, bo dng thng xuyn cng trnh lch s ny.Vt qua thch thcTh thch li t ra t nhng nm u th k XXI tr i, nhu cu in pht trin nhanh chng dn n hng lot cc TBA 220kV min Bc ri vo tnh trng qu ti. Bn cnh , li truyn ti in pht trin vi tc rt nhanh, khi lng ng dy v trm bin p a vo vn hnh hng nm rt ln. Vn t ra l phi t chc lc lng gim st, nghim thu, tip nhn qun l cng trnh, ghp ni vn hnh ng thi thit b c (th h in t) vi thit b mi (k thut s); phi c i ng ti ch mnh x l bt thng trn li. Mt khc, m bo sa cha, i tu, nng cp cht lng thit b, m rng, nng cng sut cc trm bin p. Trong bi cnh , Cng ty nhanh nhng thc hin cc chng trnh chng qu ti, hin i ho cc TBA trng im ca min Bc nh: H ng, Mai ng, Chm, Thanh Ho, Ninh Bnh, Vinh... trong thi gian ngn. ng thi, bng tinh thn vt kh, pht huy ni lc, ch ng, sng to, CBCNV Cng ty lm ch c nhiu thit b cng ngh cao ln u tin c lp t Vit Nam m khng cn thu chuyn gia nc ngoi, tit kim hng t ng m vn vt tin , m bo cht lng. iu ng t ho l hng trm tn thit b siu trng, siu trng, hng ngn mt cp c anh em k s, cng nhn ca Cng ty lp t ch yu vo lc na m, nhm gim thiu thi gian ct in, khng lm nh hng n qu trnh cp in. Chnh t thc t ny, lnh o Cng ty nhn thy tm quan trng v tnh cp bch ca cng tc tng kt kinh nghim, nghin cu khoa hc v tip thu cng ngh mi i i vi vic i mi t duy qun l vn hnh h thng in p ng tt hn yu cu nhim v. Do , Cng ty tp trung ch o v to mi iu kin thun li cho vic t chc hc tp, o to, o to li lc lng chuyn mn k thut di nhiu hnh thc. T y, phong tro hc tp, trau di kinh nghim chuyn mn c gy dng v duy tr tch cc, hiu qu trong ton th CBCNV. Chi hi in lc Truyn ti in 1 cng c thnh lp v hot ng c n np, tip thm sc mnh cho phong tro t hc thm thit thc, li cun ng o CBCNV tham gia mt cch say m, si ni. Cng vi , cc phong tro thi ua lao ng sn xut, pht huy sng kin cng c Cng ty c t chc thng xuyn, bm vo nhim v trng tm tng thi k, c ngi lao ng hng ng su rng, thc y sn xut pht trin. T nm 2000 tr li y, phong tro pht huy sng kin c nhng tin b vt bc, mi nm c hng trm sng kin c gi tr, nhiu ti nghin cu c cp trn cng nhn, nh gi cao v hiu qu ng dng. Pht trin bn vngCn nhn mnh rng, hiu qu ln nht chnh l trnh i ng CBCNV trong cng ty c nng ln nhanh chng, pht trin ng u, cc v tr sn xut u m ng tt cng vic ca mnh. Nh vy, Cng ty m nhn xut sc cc cng trnh u t xy dng v sa cha c gi tr ln, nh cng trnh xy dng v lp t trm ct 220 kV Nho Quan, gi tr ln n 165 t ng vi thi gian thi cng ngn k lc ch trong 8 thng. Cng trnh m rng trm 220 kV Sc Sn, trong lp t a vo vn hnh MBA 125.000 kVA ln u tin do Vit Nam ch to. Tham gia lp t m rng trm 500 kV H Tnh; phi hp thi cng ko dy ng dy 220 kV Vinh - H Tnh c bit, trong na cui nm 2009, u nm 2010, Cng ty hon thnh xut sc d n ci to, m rng thnh cng TBA Mai ng, H ng, Chm. Trong o lp thm mi tram mt MBA 220kV-250MVA, m bo cp in n nh phc v i l 1000 nm Thng Long H Ni v i hi XI ca ng... Hu ht cc cng trnh u phi thi cng trong iu kin phc tp, va phi m bo an ton cho con ngi v thit b trong lc thit b c ct in t nht, vi thi gian ngn nht khng nh hng ln n ph ti... Uy tn ca Cng ty Truyn ti in 1 ngy cng c nng ln khi n v lun l n v tin phong trong hu ht cc hot ng ca ngnh truyn ti. iu c khng nh khi PTC1 l n v u tin thc hin thnh cng cc bin php th cng thay s, thay dy ng dy 110 kV-220 kV; u tin thi cng ko dy mi trn mt l chung ct vi ng dy 220 kV ang vn hnh; tin phong sa cha nng ng dy 220 kV, lp t v hiu chnh my ct SF6 cng h thng r le k thut s hin i; u tin s dng h thng phc hi s c khn cp KEMMA cp in p 220 kV. n nay, h thng li in truyn ti do Cng ty qun l vn hnh tri rng trn a bn 24 tnh pha Bc t o Ngang (tnh Qung Bnh) tr ra gm 36 TBA 220 500 kV, hn 1.600 km ng dy 500 kV v gn 4.300 km ng dy 220 kV. Khng nhng th, cn kt ni vi li 220 kV ca tnh Vn Nam (Trung Quc). Sn lng truyn ti in theo tng ln tng nm vi sn lng in truyn ti tng trng trung bnh 15-18%/nm (bng 1/2 sn lng ton quc). Nu nh nm 1995 mi truyn ti t 4,5 t kWh, n nm 2008 sn lng in truyn ti tng ln gp 6 ln, t 27,3 t kWh va nm 2010 at 31,5 ty kWh. ng thi, sut s c gim, thit b li in ngy cng ng b, hin i, tin cy cao.Cng trong ba thp k qua, vi nhng thnh tch xut sc, nhiu tp th, c nhn ca Cng ty Truyn ti in 1 c ng, Nh nc ghi nhn v tng thng nhiu phn thng cao qu nh: Hun chng Lao ng, Hun chng c lp, danh hiu Anh Hng Lao ng thi k i mi v nhiu phn thng khc ca cc cp ngnh trung ng v a phng.Chc chn chng ng pha trc s cn nhiu gian nan th thch ang ch n nhng ngi lnh Truyn ti in 1 Anh hng. Song nhng du n ng trn trng, t ho ca 30 nm pht trin l hnh trang, l im ta, l ng lc ln lao cho con tu PTC1 tip tc vt qua sng gi, vng vng thc hin thnh cng s mnh vinh quang, gi trn vn nim tin yu vi ng, vi nhn dn, t nc.L mt doanh nghip nh nc, c t cch php nhn v con du c lp nhng hch ton kinh t ph thuc vo NPT, ch hch ton c lp v cc hot ng khc.Theo Ngh nh 90/2001/CP-N ngy 23/11/2001, doanh nghip nh v va l c s sn xut, kinh doanh c lp, ng k kinh doanh theo php lut hin hnh, c vn ng k khng qu 10 t ng hoc s lao ng bnh qun hng nm khng qu 300 ngi. Xt vi hai tiu ch trn th PTC1 c vn hot ng trn 10 t ng v s lao ng bnh qun nm trn 300 ngi. Nh vy, PTC1 c xp vo doanh nghip ln.Cc mc quan trng trong qu trnh pht trin: Giai on 1981 1985.Tin thn l s Truyn ti in min Bc c thnh lp ngy 01 thng 5 nm 1981 trc thuc Cng ty in lc min Bc (nay l Cng ty in lc 1) c nhim v qun l vn hnh, sa cha li truyn ti t cp 110kV n 220kV thuc khu vc min Bc. Giai on 1986 1995.Cng ty chuyn sang tip nhn qun l vn hnh cc li 220kV v 500kV ang c xy dng, bn giao cc li 110kV cho in lc cc tnh qun l. Giai on 1995 2000:Ngy 27/1/1995 Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh nh 14/CP, quyt nh thnh lp Tng cng ty in lc Vit Nam (gi tt l EVN). Lc ny s truyn ti in min Bc c tch thnh Cng ty Truyn ti in 1 (gi tt l PTC1) trc thuc EVN - Tp on in lc Vit Nam. T 01/01/2008 PTC1 trc thuc Tng cng ty Truyn tai in Quc gia. Thnh tch dt c :Tp th: Anh hng Lao ng thi k i mi. Hun chng c lp hng Nh, Ba. Hun chng Lao ng hng Nht, Nh, Ba. C thi ua ca Th tng Chnh ph. Bng khen ca Th tng Chnh ph.C nhn: 01 c nhn c phong tng Anh hng Lao ng. 03 c nhn c tng thng Hun chng Lao ng hng Nh. 07 c nhn c tng thng Hun chng Lao ng hng Ba. V nhiu phn thng cao qu khc ca ng, Nh nc, cc B, Ban ngnh Trung ng v a phng cho cc c nhn v tp th trong Cng ty.Cng tc ng v hot ng on th: ng b Cng ty trc thuc ng b Tng cng ty Truyn ti in Quc gia. C 579 ng vin ang sinh hot ti 27 ng b b phn v Chi b trc thuc trn khp cc tnh thnh pha Bc. Cng on Cng ty trc thuc Cng on Tng cng ty Truyn ti in Quc gia, c 2.351 on vin, 144 cng on b phn, 153 t cng on ang sinh hot ti 19 Cng on c s thnh vin trn khp cc tnh thnh min Bc. on thanh nin cng ty trc thuc on thanh nin Tp on in lc Vit Nam, c 1236 on vin ang sinh hot 19 Chi on trc thuc trn khp cc tnh thnh min Bc.Ban N cng Cng ty c 336 ch em ph n, tham gia vo hu ht cc lnh vc hot ng ca Cng ty.

Nh nc tng thng danh hiu Anh hng lao ng: Cng ty Truyn ti in 1. Trm 220kV ng Ha Hi Phng. ng ch u c Khi Nguyn Gim c Cng tyNh nc tng thng: Hun chng c lp hng Ba cho PTC1. Hun chng lao ng hng Nht cho PTC1. Hun chng lao ng hng Hai cho PTC1. Hun chng lao ng hng Ba cho PTC1.Th tng Chnh ph khen thng: C thi ua. Bng khen.Cc khen thng khc: C thi ua xut sc ca Tng lin on LVN. Bng khen ca Tng lin on LVN. C thi ua ca B Cng nghip. Bng khen ca B Cng nghip. Bng khen ca Cng on B Cng nghip. C thi ua xut sc ca EVN. Bng khen ca EVN. Bng khen Cng on EVN.b. c im sn xut kinh doanh ca Cng ty Qun l vn hnh an ton, n nh li truyn ti in trn a bn 24 tnh thnh min Bc t o Ngang tr ra; Sa cha, trung i tu cc cng trnh li in; u t xy dng v ci to nng cp li truyn ti in; T vn u t xy dng, qun l d n v t vn gim st thi cng cc cng trnh li in; Th nghim, hiu chnh cc thit b in; o to v pht trin ngun nhn lc qun l vn hnh, sa cha li in; Kinh doanh cc dch v vin thng v cng ngh thng tin. c. Khi lng qun l ng dy 500kV: Chiu di 1.659 km. ng dy 220kV: Chiu di 4.483,54 km. Trm bin p 500kV: 6 trm, 8 my bin p, tng dung lng 4.050.000 kVA. Trm bin p 220kV: 29 trm, 48 my bin p, tng dung lng 7.875.000 kV.d. T chc qun l.

01 Gim c : Ph trch chung.03 Ph Gim c: Ph Gim c K thut ph trch phn Trm; Ph Gim c K thut ph trch ng dy; Ph Gim c ph trch khi Vn phng, Thanh tra bo v php ch v tt c cc cng trnh xy dng dn dng. Tng s CBCNV ca ton cng ty Truyn ti in 1 khong hn 2400 ngi.Gim c trc tip ch o: Phng TCCB & L & T, Phng Ti chnh - K ton, Phng K hoch, Phng u T Xy Dng. Ph Gim c K thut Trm: trc tip ch o cng tc k thut vn hnh khi Trm, Phng K thut, Phng -VT-CNTT, cc trm bin p, Xng th nghim in, Xng sa cha thit b in.Ph Gim c K thut ng dy: trc tip ch o cng tc k thut vn hnh khi ng dy: Phng K thut, phng Vt t, i Vn ti c kh.Ph Gim c ph trch khi Vn phng, Thanh tra bo v v php ch, tt c cc cng trnh xy dng dn dng. L Th trng c quan Cng ty.Cc phng ban : Vn Phng. Phng K Hoch. Phng T chc v Lao ng tin lng. Phng K Thut. Phng Ti chnh k ton. Phng Vt t. Phng Thanh Tra bo v. Phng u t xy dng. Phng iu , vin thng, cng ngh thng tin.Cc n v trc thuc : Xng Th nghim. Xng Sa cha thit b in. i Vn ti c kh. Truyn ti in H Tnh. Truyn ti in Ngh An. Truyn ti in Thanh Ha. Truyn ti in Ninh Bnh. Truyn ti in H Ni. Truyn ti in Hi Phng. Truyn ti in Qung Ninh. Truyn ti in Ha Bnh. Truyn ti in Thi Nguyn. Truyn ti in Ty Bc. Trm 500kV Thng Tn. Trm 500kV Ha Bnh. Trm 220kV H ng. Trm 220kV Chm. Trm 220kV Mai ng.II. Cc bin php xc nh tn tht khu vc v nhn dng tn tht in nng.Xc nh tn tht khu vc v nhn dng tn tht in nng ( do k thut hay kinh doanh ) nhm gip cho ngi qun l nhn bit r tn tht in nng khu vc no, do k thut hay kinh doanh c bin php x l.1. Xc nh tn tht in nng thc hin qua h thng cng t o m.Cc n v thu thp s liu in nng nhn vo li in v in nng giao ra t li in. Tnh ton tn tht in nng thc hin cng thc :A = AN - AG Trong : A: tn tht in nng trn li in ang xt. ( KWh ) AN : tng in nng nhn vo li in. ( KWh ) AG : tng in nng giao i t li in. ( KWh )T l truyn ti in nng A:

= 2. Xc nh tn tht in nng qua tnh ton tn tht in nng k thut.Cc n v phi thc hin tnh ton tn tht in nng qua cc thng s li in v phng thc vn hnh xc nh c tn tht in nng k thut ca li in thuc phm vi n v qun l mc no trn c s c bin php ph hp gim tn tht in nng. Tn tht in nng c xc nh theo cng thc :A = Po . T + Pmax . T . KtTrong :A : tn tht in nng trong giai on ang xt ( KWh )Po: tn tht cng sut khng ti ( KW ).Pmax : tn tht cng sut ti thi im cng sut cc i ca li in ( KW ). T : thi gian tnh ton ca giai on xem xt tn tht in nng ( gi ).Kt : h s ph ti nh hng n tn tht in nng trong giai on tnh ton.

Kt = Si, Smax l gi tr ph ti u sut tuyn ti cc thi im tb,tmaxT l tn tht in nng k thut:

% = A l in nng nhn vo ca li in trong khong thi gian t.Nhn dng tn tht in nng theo tng cp in p, tng khu vc li in, tng xut tuyn trung p, tng trm bin p cng cng :Nhn dng tn tht in p ca li in do n v qun l c thc hin da vo kt qu tnh ton tn tht in nng thc hin qua o m v tn tht in nng qua tnh ton. Cc n v thc hin nh gi mc cao, thp ca tn tht in nng tng cp in p ( cao p, trung p, h p ), tng khu vc li in, tng xut tuyn trung p, tng trm bin p cng cng. so snh tn tht in p k thut qua tnh ton vi kt qu tnh ton tn tht in nng qua o m nhn dng ( tn tht k thut hay phi k thut ), t tm ra cc nguyn nhn gy tn tht v ra cc bin php gim tn ht in nng tp trung vo ng khu vc, ng cp in p, ng xut tuyn, ng trm bin p c tn tht in nng cao. thc hin c vic nhn dng trn, n v phi : Xc nh ph ti ng vi ng dy, khu vc ( cc sector ) Lp t cng t tng cho tng xut tuyn trung p, tng trm bin p cng cng. Lp t c cng t ranh gii phn vng qun l v tnh ton tn tht in nng qua m bo thng k theo di tn tht in nng ca tng trm bin p, tng xut tuyn, tng khu vc. Thu thp thng s v thc hin tnh ton tn tht in nng k thut cho tng cp in p, tng xut tuyn v tng trm bin p cng cng. III. Cc bin php qun l k thut - vn hnh gim tn tht in nng. a ra c cc bin php trong qun l k thut, vn hnh nhm gim tn tht in nng, phi nm bt c cc nguyn nhn lm tng tn tht in nng k thut.1. Cc nguyn nhn lm tng tn tht in nng k thut Qu ti dy dn: lm tng nhit dy dn v lm tng thm tn tht in nng trn dy dn. Khng cn bng pha : khng cn bng pha s lm tng tn tht in nng trn dy trung tnh, dy pha v lm tng tn tht in nng trong my bin p. ng thi cng c th gy qu ti pha c dng in qu ln. Qu ti my bin p : my bin p vn hnh qu ti do dng in tng cao lm pht nng cun dy v u cch in ca my bin p dn n tng tn tht in nng trn my bin p ng thi gy st p v lm tng tn tht in pha trn li in pha h p. Non ti my bin p : my bin p vn hnh non ti hoc vn hnh khng ti tn hao khng ti ln hn so vi in nng s dng, mt khc ti thp s khng ph hp vi h thng o m dn n tn tht in nng tng cao. H s cos thp : do ph ti c h s cos thp, thc hin lp t v vn hnh t b khng ph hp gy s cos trn li in. Cos thp dn n cn tng dng in truyn ti, cng sut phn khng do lm tng dng in ti ca h thng v lm tng tn tht in nng. Do cc im tip xc v mi tip xc km : lm tng nhit cc mi ni, tip xc v lm tng tn tht in nng. Tn tht do thit b c, lc hu : cc my bin p, thit b c thng c hiu sut thp v tn tht in nng cao. Ni t khng tt : i vi h thng li in c h thng ni t trc tip, ni t lp li tn tht in nng s tng cao nu ni t khng ng tiu chun quy nh. Tn tht dng r : s cch in, chng st van v cc thit b khng c kim tra bo dng hp l dn n dng r, phng in qua cch in gy tn tht in nng. Hnh lang tuyn khng bo m : vic pht quang hnh lang tuyn thc hin tt, cy mc chm ng dy trn gy dng r hoc s c cng l nguyn nhn gy tn tht in nng. in p thp di gii hn cho php : do tit din dy dn khng m bo, bn knh cp in khng hp l hoc do cc nc phn p ca my bin p khng c iu chnh kp thi. Vi cng mt cng sut cp cho ti, in p thp s lm tng dng in phi truyn ti v lm tng tn tht in nng. in p xu : lch pha in p, in p khng i xng, mo sng in p do cc thnh phn sng hi bc cao, cc thnh phn dng in th t nghc, th t khng v cc thnh phn sng hi bc cao s gy ra nhng tn tht ph, lm pht nng my bin p, ng dy v lm tng tn tht in nng. Hin tng vng quang in : i vi ng dy in p cao t 110 KV tr ln, hin tng vng quang in cng gy ra tn tht in p. Hin tng qu b, v tr v dung lng b khng hp l dn n tng tn tht in nng. Phng thc vn hnh : tnh ton phng thc vn hnh cha hp l tn tht in nng cao. xy ra s c dn n phi vn hnh phng thc bt li dn n tn tht in nng cao. Ch s dng in khng hp l : Nhng ph ti c s chnh lch qu cao gia gi cao im v gi thp im s gy kh khn cho vn hnh v gy tn tht in nng cao.2. Cc bin php qun l k thut vn hnh gim tn tht in nng. Khng qu ti ng dy, my bin p : theo di cc thng s vn hnh li in, tnh hnh tng trng ph ti c k hoch vn hnh, ci to li in hp l khng qu ti ng dy, qu ti my bin p trn li in. Thc hin chuyn hon my bin p non ti, y ti mt cch hp l. Khng cc my bin p ph ti vn hnh ti lch pha : phi nh k hng thng o dng ti tng pha Ia, Ib, Ic v dng in dy trung tnh Io thc hin cn pha khi dng in Io ln hn 15% trung bnh cng dng in cc pha : Io > 15% (Ia + Ib + Ic)/3. m bo vn hnh phng thc ti u : thng xuyn tnh ton kim tra m bo phng thc vn hnh ti u trn li in. m bo duy tr in p trong gii hn cao cho php theo quy nh hin hnh v kh nng chu ng ca thit b. Lp t v ti u t b cng sut phn khng : theo di thng xuyn cos cc nt trn li in, tnh ton v tr v lp t t b dung lng ti u quyt nh lp t, hon chuyn v vn hnh hp l cc b t trn li nhm gim tn tht in nng. m bo cos ti l tng trung th trm 110KV t 0,98. Kim tra, bo dng li in tnh trng vn hnh tt : thc hin kim tra bo dng li in m bo cc tiu chun k thut vn hnh : hnh lang li in, tip a, mi tip xc, cch in ca ng dy, thit b Khng cc mi ni, tip xc ( trn dy dn, cp, u cc thit b, ) tip xc gy pht nng dn n tng tn tht in nng. Thc hin tt cng tc qun l k thut vn hnh, ngn nga s c : m bo li in khng b s c duy tr kt dy c bn c tn tht in nng thp. Thc hin vn hnh kinh t my bin p : Trng hp trm bin p c 2 hay nhiu my bin p vn hnh song song cn xem xt vn hnh kinh t my bin p, chn thi im ng, ct my bin p theo th ph ti. i vi cc khch hng c trm bin p chuyn dng ( trm 110 KV, trm trung p ) m tnh cht ca ph ti hot ng theo ma v ( trm bm thy nng, sn xut ng ma, ), ngoi thi gian ny ch phc v cho nhu cu s dng in ca vn phng, nhn vin qun l trm bm, n v kinh doanh bn in phi vn ng , thuyt phc khch hng lp t thm my bin p c cng sut nh ring ph hp phc v cho nhu cu ny hoc bng ngun in h th khu vc nu c iu kin tch my bin p chnh ra khi vn hnh. Hn ch cc thnh phn khng cn bng v sng hi bc cao : thc hin kim tra i vi khch hng gy mo in p ( cc l h quang in, cc ph ti my hn cng sut ln, ) trn li in. Trong iu kin gy nh hng ln n mo in p, yu cu khch hng phi c bin php khc phc. Tng bc loi dn cc thit b khng tin cy, hiu sut km, tn tht cao bng cc thit b mi c hiu sut cao, tn tht thp ( c bit l i vi my bin p ). Tnh ton v qun l tn tht nng lng k thut : thc hin tnh ton tn tht din nng k thut ca tng trm bin p, tng ng dy, tng khu vc qun l, nh gi v ra cc bin php gim tn tht in nng ph hp.IV. Cc bin php qun l kinh doanh gim tn tht in nng : a ra c cc bin php trong cng tc qun l kinh doanh nhm gim tn tht in nng thng mi, phi nm bt c cc nguyn nhn trong qun l kinh doanh lm tng tn tht in nng thng mi. 1. Cc nguyn nhn lm tng tn tht in nng trong qun l kinh doanh : H thng khng ph hp : cc tit b o m nh cng t, TU, TI khng ph hp vi ph ti c th c ln hay qu nh hoc khng t cp chnh xc yu cu, h thng nhn ca h thng o khng ng u dn n o m khng chnh xc lm tn tht in nng cao. Lp t, u ni h thng o m sai (sai s u dy, sai t s bin ). Kim tra, kim nh h thng o m khng kp thi : Khng thc hin kim nh ban u, kim nh nh k theo quy nh. Khng kim tra pht hin cc thit b o m in h hng thay th kp thi l nguyn nhn dn n o m khng chnh xc gy tn tht in nng. Sai st trong nghip v kinh doanh : c sai ch s cng t, thng k tng hp khng chnh xc, b st khch hng Hin tng ly cp in khng c pht hin kp thi ngn chn nh : cu mc in trc tip, can thit lm h hng hoc lm sai lch h thng o m.2. Cc bin php qun l kinh doanh gim tn thp in nng. i vi kim nh ban u cng t : phi m bo cht lng kim nh ban u cng t cng t o m chnh xc trong c chu k lm vic (5 nm i vi cng t 1 pha, 2 nm i vi cng t 3 pha). i vi h thng o m lp t mi : Phi m bo thit k lp t h thng bao gm cng t, TU, TI v cc thit b gim st t xa (nu c) m bo cp chnh xc, c nim phong kp ch v c cc gi tr nh mc (dng in, in p, t s bin ) ph hp vi ph ti. Xy dng v thc hin nghim quy nh v lp t, kim tra, v thu nghim cng t, m bo s gim st cho gia cc nhn khu nhm m bo khng c s sai st (s u day, t s bin, ) trong qu trnh lp t, nghm thu h thng o m. Thc hin kim tra, bo dng h thng o m : thc hin quy nh v kim tra, bo dng h thng o m (cng t, TU, TI, ) dm bo cc thit b o m trn li c nim phong qun l tt, c cp chnh xc ph hp m bo o m ng. Thc hin ch qun l, kim tra kp thi pht hin v thay th ngay thit b o m b s c (cng t kt chy, TU, TI chy hng, ), h hng hoc b can thip tri php trn li in. Khng c cng t kt chy qu mt chu k ghi ch s. Cng c nng cp h thng o m : tng bc p dng cng ngh mi, lp t thay th cc thit b o m c cp chnh xc cao cho ph ti ln. Thay th cng t in t 3 pha cho cc ph ti ln,p dng cc phng php o xa, gim st thit b o m t xa cho cc ph ti ln nhm tng cng theo di, pht hin sai st, s c o m. Thc hin lch ghi ch s cng t : m bo ghi ch s cng t ng l trnh, chu k theo quy h, ng ngy tha thun vi khch hng, to iu kin khch hng cng gim st, m bo chnh xc kt qu ghi ch s cng t v kt qu sn lng tnh ton tn tht in nng. Cng c v nng cao cht lng ghi ch s cng t, c bit i vi khu vc thue dch v in nng thn ghi ch s nhm mc ch ghi chnh xc, pht hin kp thi ghi cng t kt chy, h hng ngay trong qu trnh ghi ch s kp thi x l. Khoanh vng nh gi tn tht in nng : thc hin lp t cng t ranh gii, cng t cho tng xut tuyn, cng t tng tng trm bin p cng cng qua theo di nh gi bin ng tn tht in nng ca tng khu vc, tng xut tuyn, tng trm bin p cng cng hng thng v ly k n thng thc hin c bin php x l i vi nhng bin ng tn tht in nng. ng thi so snh kt qu ly k vi kt qu tnh ton tn tht in nng k thut nh gi thc t vn hnh cng nh kh nng c tn tht in nng thng mi thuc khu vc ang xem xt m bo ph ti ng vi tng ng dy, tng khu vc (khng ln sector) Kim tra, x l nghim v tuyn truyn ngn nga ly cp in : tng cng cng tc kim tra chng cc hnh vi ly cp in di mi hnh thc, cn thc hin thng xuyn lin tc trn mi a bn, c bit l i vi cc khu vc nng thn mi tip nhn bn l, phi hp vi cc c quan truyn thng tuyn truyn ngn nga biu hin ly cp in. Gio dc cc nhn vin qun l vn hnh, cc pn v v ngi dn quan tm n vn gim tn tht in nng, tit kim in nng. Thc hin tng cng nghip v qun l khc : xy dng v thc hin nghim quy nh qun l km, ch nim phong cng t, TU,TI, hp bo v h thng o m, xy dng quy nh kim tra, xc minh i tng vi cc trng hp cng t chy, mt cp, h hng, ngn nga hin tng thng ng vi khch hng vi phm s dng in, tng cng phc tra ghi ch s cng t m bo vic ghi ch s ng quy nh ca quy trnh kinh doanh, gn trch nhim ca cn b qun l iu hnh vi ch tiu tn tht in nng.

V. Nguyn tc tnh ton.1. Tnh ton tn tht in nng qu kh thng qua s liu o m.a. Tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cc cng ty truyn tiin nng nhn trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cc cng ty truyn ti in :ANi = ANM-Tti + A500-TTi + AL-TTi + ATT-TTiTrong : i: cc cng ty truyn ti in 1, 2, 3, 4.ANi : in nng nhn trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty truyn ti in. ANM-Tti : in nng nhn trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty truyn ti in t li in nc ngoi.A500-TTi : in nng nhn trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty truyn ti in t li truyn ti 500 KV.AL-TTi : in nng nhn trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty truyn ti in t cc tng cng ty in lc.ATT-TTi : in nng nhn trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty truyn ti in i n cng ty truyn ti in khc.in nng giao trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cc cng ty truyn ti in :AGi = ATTi-NM + ATTi-500 + ATTi-L + ATTi-TT + ATTi-KHTrong :AGi : in nng giao trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty truyn ti in.

ATTi-NM : in nng giao trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty truyn ti in cho li in nc ngoi.ATTi-500 : in nng giao trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty truyn ti in cho li in 500 KV.ATTi-L : in nng giao trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty truyn ti in cho cc tng cng ty in lc.ATTi-TT : in nng giao trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty truyn ti in cho cng ty truyn ti in khc.ATTi-KH : in nng giao trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty truyn ti in cho khch hng s dng in u ni trc tip vo li truyn ti.Tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty truyn ti in xc nh nh sau : Ai = ANi AGi (KWh)Trong : Ai : in nng tn tht trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty truyn ti in i.T l tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty truyn ti in xc nh nh sau : Ai = (Ai 100) / ANi (KWh).b. Tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti 500 KV.in nng nhn trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia c xc nh nh sau :AN500 = ANM-500 + ANN-500 + ATTi-500AN500 : in nng nhn trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia.ANM-500 : in nng nhn trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia t cc nh my in.ANN-500 : in nng nhn trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia t li in nc ngoi.ATTi-500 : in nng nhn trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia t li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty truyn ti in i.in nng giao trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia c xc nh nh sau :AG500 = A500-NM + A500-NN + A500-TTi Trong : AG500 : in nng giao trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia.A500-NM : in nng giao trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia cho cc nh my in.A500-NN : in nng giao trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia cho li in nc ngoi.A500-TTi : in nng giao trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia cho li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty truyn ti in i.Tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia xc nh nh sau : A500 = AN500 AG500 ( KWh ).Trong : A500 : in nng tn tht trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia.T l tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia xc nh nh sau : A500 = ( A500 100 )/ AN500 c. Tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia.in nng nhn trn li truyn ti 200 KV tr xung ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia c xc nh nh sau :AN220 = ANM-TTi + ANN-TTi + A500-TTi + AL TTi Trong : AN220 : in nng nhn trn li truyn ti 200 KV tr xung ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia.in nng giao trn li truyn ti 200 KV tr xung ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia c xc nh nh sau :

AG220 = ATTi-NM + ATTi-NN + ATTi-500 + ATTi-L + ATTi-KHTrong : AG220 : in nng giao trn li truyn ti 200 KV tr xung ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia.Tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti 220 KV ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia c xc nh nh sau : A220 = AN220 AG220 Trong : A220 : Tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti 220 KV ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia. T l tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti 220 KV ca tng cng ty in lc c xc nh nh sau :A220 = ( A220 100 )/AN220 d. Tn tht in nng trn li ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia (bao gm c li truyn ti 500 KV v 220 KV tr xung).in nng nhn trn li truyn ti ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia c xc nh nh sau : AN = ANM-TTi + ANM-500 + ANN-TTi + ANN-500 + AL-TTiTrong : AN : in nng nhn trn li truyn ti ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia.in nng giao trn li truyn ti ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia c xc nh nh sau : AG =ATTi-NM +A500-NM +ATTi-NN + A500-NN + ATTi-L + ATTi-KHTrong : AG : in nng giao trn li truyn ti ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia.Tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia:A = AN AG Trong : A : in nng tn tht trn li truyn ti ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia.T l tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia :A = ( A 100 )/AN e. Lu i vi in nng t dng cho my bin p v t b ngang. in nng giao cho cc tng cng ty in lc bao gm c in nng t dng cho trm bin p v thit b b ( nh t b ngang, SVC ) ca li truyn ti trong mi trng hp u ni v o m, v d : Ngun t dng cho trm bin p ly t cun th 3 ca my bin ap 220 KV. Ngun t dng cho trm bin p ly t pha trung p ca my bin p 110 KV. T b ngang u ni vo thanh ci 110 KV c im o m ti ngn l tng my bin p. T b ngang u ni vo thanh ci 110 KV c im o m ti tng ngn l xut tuyn 110 KV. Thng k in nng t dng cho trm bin p v t b ngang phi bao gm mi trng hp u ni v o m.2. Tnh ton tn tht in nng tng lai thng qua s liu d bo.a. Tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc giaTn tht in nng trn li truyn ti ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia :A = AMBA + AD ( KWh )Trong : AMBA : Tn tht in nng trn my bin p. AD : Tn tht in nng trn ng dy.T l tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia :A = (A 100 )/ANb. Tn tht in nng trn my bin p.AMBA = max Pk,MBA + T P0,MBA Trong : max : thi gian tn tht cng sut ln nht.Pk,MBA : thi gian vn hnh trong nm ca my bin p.T : tn tht c ti ca my bin p, tnh ton bng phn mm PSS/EP0,MBA : tn tht khng ti ca my bin p, tra theo ti liu ca nh sn xut.c. Tn tht in nng trn ng dy.AMBA = max Pd dn Knhit + T Pvng quang Pd dn : tn tht cng sut ca ng dy dn, tnh ton bng phn mm PSS/E.T : thi gian vn hnh trong nm ca ng dyPvng quang : tn tht cng sut ca ng dy do vng quang, tra theo ti liu chuyn ngnh.d. Thi gian tn tht cng sut ln nht.

max = ndtn : s ngy trong chu k tnh tn tht in nng.P(t) : biu cng sut ngy in hnh ca chu k tnh ton Pmax : cng sut tc dng cc i trong biu cng sut in hnh.3. Trnh t tnh ton tn tht in nng tng lai thng qua s liu d bo.a. S liu tnh ton.S liu tnh ton tn tht bao gm : Thng s k thut ca cc nh my in ang vn hnh. Cc thay i lin quan n nh my in ang vn hnh trong chu k tnh ton. Tin v thng s k thut ca cc nh my in s vo vn hnh trong chu k tnh ton. Thng s k thut ca cc trm bin p v ng dy ang vn hnh. Cc thay i lin quan n trm bin p v ng dy trong chu k tnh ton. Tin v thng s k thut ca cc trm bin p v ng dy s vo vn hnh trong chu k tnh ton. Ranh gii o m in nng. D bo ph ti bao gm in nng, cng sut tc dng cc i, biu cng sut ngy m in hnh ca cc tng cng ty in Lc v khch hng s dng in u ni trc tip vo li truyn ti ti cc im u ni. K hoch huy ng ngun trong chu k tnh ton.b. Trnh t tnh ton. Lp file tnh ton ch xc lp bng phn mm PSS/E cho ch cc i ca ngy in hnh trong chu k tnh ton. Tnh tn tht c ti ca my bin p v tn tht cng sut ca dy dn bng phn mm PSS/E cho li truyn ti 500 KV v 220 KV tr xung ca cc cng ty truyn ti in. Tnh tn tht khng ti ca my bin p v tn tht vng quang ca ng dy. Tnh thi gian tn tht cng sut ln nht max ca li truyn ti 500 KV v 220 KV tr xung ca cc cng ty truyn ti. Tnh tn tht in nng khng ti v c taire ca my bin p. Tnh tn tht in nng ca dy dn v tn tht in nng vng quang ca ng dy Tnh tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia. Tnh tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cc cng ty truyn ti in Tnh tn tht in nng trn 220 KV ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia Tnh tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia (bao gm c li truyn ti 500 KV v 220 KV tr xung).

Sn lng in giao - nhn qua cc nm ti cng ty truyn ti in 1

Sn lng in giao - nhn ti cng ty truyn ti in 1 nm 2005

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Sn lng in giao - nhn ti cng ty truyn ti in 1 nm 2008

Sn lng in giao - nhn ti cng ty truyn ti in 1 nm 2009

Sn lng in giao - nhn ti cng ty truyn ti in 1 nm 2010Chng III Kt Lunc s tn tnh ch bo ca c gio hng dn cng nh cc c ch, anh ch trong cng ty truyn ti in 1, em hon thnh bn bo co ny, trong bn bo co em trnh by v nhng khi nim, phn loi v cch tnh tn tht in nng, bn cnh l cch tnh tn tht li in ti cng ty truyn ti in cng nh 1 s tn tht thc t ti cng ty v bin php khc phc, di y l kin ring ca em v vn tn tht in nng, hy vng cc thy c tham gia kin ng gp em c th hon thin bi bo co. xut gii php tn tht in nng ti cng ty truyn ti in 1:Vic gim tn tht trn li in truyn ti chu tc ng ca rt nhiu yu t v i hi nhiu bin php ng b. Cc bin php qun l, hnh chnh nhm gim tn tht thng mi cn thc hin song song vi cc n lc gim tn tht k thut. Cn c ca gii php. Cn c thc trng tn tht in nng ca Cng ty Truyn ti in 1 hin rt cao nm 2010 l 2,18% so vi ch tiu giao l 2,19%. L trnh gim tn tht ca cng ty Truyn ti in 1 n nm 2015 l 1,82%. Mc tiu ca gii php : m bo t ch tiu tn tht theo l trnh tn tht in nng n nm 2015 l 1,82%. Gim t l in nng do tn tht k thut, tn tht phi k thut. Tng li nhun. Ni dung ca gii phpC th lit k cc bin php chnh gim tn tht k thut trong li in truyn ti nh sau:Ti u ha cc ch vn hnh li in.Hn ch vn hnh khng i xng.Gim chiu di ng dy, ci to nng tit din dy dn hoc gim bn knh cp in ca cc trm bin p.Lp t h thng t b cng sut phn khng m bo h s cng sut cos.Tng dung lng cc my bin p chu ti nng, qu ti, la chn cc my bin p t l tn tht tht thp, li thp lm bng vt liu thp tt.Mt s cc bin php k thut cn thc hin trong giai on thit k quy hoch hoc ci to, u t xy dng cng trnh. Tuy nhin, cc bin php k thut p dng trong qu trnh vn hnh li l cc bin php thit thc v hiu qu nht v thng gp nhiu kh khn. Chng hn, ph ti c c im bin ng theo thi gian v tng ln theo khu vc, do dung lng thit b b cng sut phn khng ti cc nt s lun thay i ch khng bt bin. Do vy cn phi xc nh li cc v tr lp t v iu chnh lng cng sut b trn li in khi cn thit. Vi v tr lp t v lng cng sut b ti u, c th gim t 5% n 20% mc tn tht in nng. Vn hnh khng i xng nh hng n t l tn tht nhng vic xc nh v phn tch cc phng n vn hnh tm ra phng n ti u rt kh khn. Ngoi vic gii quyt cc vn k thut nh phn tch phn b cng sut phn khng, xc nh cc thnh phn sng hi, tnh ton ch vn hnh khng i xng, gii php phn mm cn cho php tnh ton lp k hoch gim tn tht trn c s ti u ha ch vn hnh li in. K hoch gim tn tht in nng c th c xy dng t nhiu phng n k thut v theo l trnh phn b theo thi gian. K hoch cng c th thay i cp nht ph hp vi s bin ng ca ph ti hoc ngun in cung cp.Vi cc chc nng kt hp nh gi v phn tch tin cy vn hnh ca li in, phn mm l cng c h tr cng tc thit k, qun l vn hnh hin i ang c s dng trn th gii. Cc gii php nh qun l s c (OMS-Outage Management System), ng dng nn bn s (GIS) hay ht hp vi h thng gim st iu khin v thu thp x l d liu (SCADA - Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) u c th ng dng cng vi phn mm. Nng cao nng lc thng qua cc cng c hin i v ng b l mt trong nhng hng i tch cc nhm t c mc tiu v qun l vn hnh li in truyn ti. Gim tn tht in nng s vn l mc tiu quan trng ca cc cng ty truyn ti in. Gii php phn mm phn tch li in truyn ti l mt cng c mnh ang c khai thc s dng rt hiu qu ti nhiu cng ty truyn ti trn th gii. Vic tip cn v lm ch cng ngh l bin php hiu qu gip nng cao nng lc ca cc k s thit k v vn hnh li in.C th lit k cc bin php chnh gim tn tht kinh doanh trong li in truyn ti nh sau:Nhm hn ch tn tht, cc n v vn hnh li in thuc Cng ty Truyn ti in 1 thc hin cc gii php gim tn tht in nng ph hp vi tng khu vc trn c s kt hp gia cc bin php qun l vi cc bin php k thut v cc bin php kinh doanh. Cng ty Truyn ti in 1 cn ch o cc n v thc hin nhiu gii php qun l k thut nhm chng s c, nht l sau cc hin tng thin tai bt thng i vi cc ng dy 500kV v 220kV c k hoch sa cha, ngn nga nguy c s c. Tng cng phi hp trong cng tc vn hnh, hn ch dng ngn mch trn li. Tng cng cng tc kim tra, qun l k thut, xut cc gii php vn hnh thit b bo m an ton, ng thng s k thut, vn hnh hp l cc gin t b, cc nh hp b. Tip tc theo di cc ch vn hnh cc MBA y ti hoc c hm lng kh chy cao c k hoch x l. Hiu qu d kin ca gii php. Nng cao cht lng in nng. Gim tht thot in bt hp php, to cng bng cho cc khch hng s dng in. Tng doanh thu, tng li nhun. Hon thnh ch tiu tn tht theo l trnh. Tng bc nng cao i sng CBCNV nh tng li nhun.

Nguyn Hu MnhLp : D2- Qun L Nng Lng