Bản đầy đủ tiểu luận HDO.doc

7/24/2019 Bn y tiu lun HDO.doc

1/65

LI CM N

hon thnh tt phn tiu lun ny.Li u tin chng em xin c

thnh cm n c h!n "h# " $g! ng%i & t'(c ti)p h%*ng +,n- chtn t0nh cho chng em 12 3i)n th4c 12 5u6 t'0nh 789.

:m xin chn thnh cm n ;

DANH MC T VIT TT

789< 7y+'o+eoxygen!tion.

L87el $:xML" $

9il ....................................................... Y

70nh Y< 70nh nh 3Unh hin 1i cho xc t6c

L87 .................................................... Q^

70nh ]< 70nh nh 3Unh hin 1i cho xc

$i`KlT9Y........................................................ QQ

70nh b< Miu H nghin c4u 7TE"B "empe'!tu'eEp'og'!mme+ 'e+uctioncX! $iE

L87 1

$i`KlT9Y ...............................................................................................

QT

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


4/65

70nh a< hj "8ED9T cX! xc t6c L87 $iEKl 1

$i`KlT9Y.................................... QY

70nh k< hj "8E$7Y cX! xc t6c L87 $iEKl 1 $i`KlT9Y................................... Q]

70nh < Dng th4c cVu tRo

>te!'ic .............................................................................. Qb

70nh S< uy t'0nh 789 Q > +[ng nhiIt phn nh!nh

7y+'o ....................................... QS

70nh Q^< uy t'0nh

T ................................................................................................ T^

70nh QQ< < uy t'0nh >n >n xuVt 789 +u th(c

Q .................................................... TQ

70nh QT< uy t'0nh >n >n xuVt 789 +u th(c

T ...................................................... TT

70nh QY< Dng nghI >n xuVt +ie>elP9`:ni :cofning...........................................

70nh Q]< Dng nghI >n xuVt /io+

$:xM"L ............................................................. Tb

70nh Qb< Dn phn

D ................................................................................................ TS

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$hJm tiu lun 789 60


5/65

70nh Qa< F6y 3huVy td gi! nK'e ................................................................................ TS

70nh Qk< L nung Leton +

4ng .................................................................................. Y^

70nh Q< 7I thng 3h

t6c .......................................................................................... YQ

70nh QS< L phn

!utocl!1e ....................................................................................... YT

70nh T^< 7I thng thi)t /# p

4ng ................................................................................. YY

70nh TQ< F6y phn tUch phj h

ngoRi ........................................................................... Y]

70nh TT< = H 3hi 5u6 t'0nh ti)n hnh nghiIm ......................................................... Yb

70nh TY< 7I thng hoRt hJ! xc t6c /

7T.................................................................... Y

70nh T]< 7I thng thi)t /# phn

789 ....................................................................... YS

70nh Tb< =( phn xR ti! G t'n /2 mt

th ................................................................. ]Y

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$hJm tiu lun 789 60


6/65

70nh Ta< hj "D8 D9T cX! mqu xc t6c $iEKlT9Y 3h

]^^oD .................................. ]k

70nh Tk< hj "D8 D9T cX! mqu xc t6c $iEKlT9Y 3h Y^^oD ................................... ]

70nh T< hj "D8 7T cX! mqu xc t6c

L87 ......................................................... b^

70nh TS< hj "D8 7T cX! mqu xc t6c $iEKlT9Y n

tqm ........................................... bQ

70nh Y^< hj "D8 7T cX! mqu xc t6c $iFoEKlT9Y n

tqm ...................................... bT

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$hJm tiu lun 789 60


7/65

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Phn 1: Tn! "u#n $%

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T. H5# h67 8h9n n!HD3 ................................................................................. ;

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8/65

Y.Q FWt > xc t6c 3im

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Y.T c tUnh xc t6c cX! nghin c4u t'%*c

y. .................................................... S

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b.Q *u' &,-nh J9n uQ& Ri/i0J0$ &URi/m#J .......................................................1

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Phn ): Th7n!hiEm. .............................................................................................)d

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9/65

Q. H5# 7hQ& e fn!7f. ...................................................................................)d

Q.Q H5#7hQ&. ............................................................................................ )d

Q.T Thi(& Rg e fn!7f. ...........................................................................)d

T. Ti(nhenh. ...................................................................................................... bb

T.Q Tn! h8 =7&+7................................................................................... b;

T.T Ti(n henh 8h9nn!. ............................................................................ b

Li mr u

$gy n!y- 3hi n2n cng nghiIp ph6t t'in mRnh ms th0 nhu cu 12

nhin liIu l mWt nhu cu thi)t y)u. "uy nhin- 3hi +u m ngy

cng cRn 3iIt th0 chng t! phi t0m '! mWt h%*ng m*i tRo '!

nhin liIu. 'v 'ng l /io+ie>el lm mWt h%*ng ph6t t'in m

3hng ch mWt h!i nhwng nh cng ty >n xuVt hng u ch .

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


10/65

hn 4ng hy+'o+eoxygen!tion 789 l mWt con %ng m*i nhVt

%c nghin c4u >n xuVt loRi nhin liIu ny.

*i 5u6 t'0nh ny- chng t! cJ th tn +[ng c6c nguHn nguyn liIuph) thi td ngnh cng nghiIp th(c phqm +u thi- mz Wng 1t-...

cho )n c6c loRi +u th(c 1t 3hng {n %c +u 1i to- +u c!o

>u-.... "d J t! cJ th cJ thm nguHn cung cVp n{ng l%ng cho nhn

loRi t'ong th im nguHn nhin liIu cng ngy cng cRn 3iIt 1

nhi|m mi '%ng !ng cn t{ng c!o nh% hiIn n!y.

"iu lun /!o gHm c6c phnrcX! 'Vt nhi2u cng nghI nh% cng nghI $:xM"L $e>te 9il (hnh 2)-

P9 ` :ni> :cofning (hnh 1), et'o/'!> 7Mio 1 8yn!mic uel>

MioE=ynfning. D6c cng nghI ny cJ 3h n{ng >n xuVt nhin liIu

hy+'oc!c/on cn tt hn +u /io+ie>el 1 +u +ie>el hJ! thRch 12

gim l%ng 3hU thi- hiIu >uVt- im ng c 1 W jn #nh 3hi l%u

t'w. "uy nhin nh%c im cX! nJ l 3h6 'v 'ng 3hi nJ cJ 3h n{ng

gy nhim mi t'%ng- i hi 6p >uVt 7Tc!o 1 cJ xu h%*ng

3hng phn 4ng 3hi cJ mt cX! n%*c mWt t'ong nhwng >n phqm

cX! 5u6 t'0nh.

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


12/65

Hnh 1: Cng ngh P9`:ni :cofning 'oce>> ?o' C'een 8ie>el 'o+uction .

Hnh 2: Ti u ha vi biodiesel N!"#TNes$e %il&'

D6c nghin c4u gn y & cho thVy- 1iIc loRi / oxy %c ti)n

hnh thng 5u! c6c con %ng >ong >ong- /!o gHm 1iIc loRi /

n%*c E7T9- 3h c!c/oxyl ED9T 1 3h c!c/onyl ED9 l chX y)u.

8(! 1o y- mWt > cng ty & ph6t t'in 1 1n hnh c6c 5uy

t'0nh chuyn hJ! +u th(c 1t 1 mz Wng 1t thnh c6c loRi nhin

liIu p!'!fn hoc cJ th phi t'Wn 1*i nhin liIu +u m mWt t lI

nhVt #nh.

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


13/65

FWt ti)p cn 3h6c c}ng %c 'Vt nhi2u >( 5u!n tm J l +ung c6c

xc t6c 3im loRi ti)n hnh 3h c!c/oxyl. "'ong c6ch ny- 5u6

t'0nh 3hX oxy '! 3hi nguyn liIu /!n u thng 5u! 1iIc loRi /

c!c/oxyl D9Thoc l D9 +o 1y- >n phqm hy+'oc!c/on >inh '!

thi)u mWt nguyn t c!c/on >o 1*i chuji hy+'oc!c/on cX! nguyn

liIu /!n u. FWt li th) nw! J l i2u 3in 6p >uVt c!o t'ong 5u6

t'0nh hy+'ot'e!ting l 3hng cn thi)t 3hi 6p +[ng c6ch ny.

A.T !i t' cX! 5u6 t'0nh 789

789 l phn 4ng chUnh xy '! t'ong 5u6 t'0nh hy+'op'oce>>ing cX! nliIu >inh h\c. D6c hoRt Wng nghin c4u hiIn tRi cX! 789 chX y)

t'ong lnh 1(c ny. "'ong t0nh h0nh th) gi*i hin tRi- >n l%ng +u 3ho

ton cu %c +( o6n >!u 3hong b^Ea^ n{m nw! >s gim c(c mRn

ch 6p 4ng %c Q`Y >o 1U yu cu 12 gi!o thng 1 cng nghiIp-

cRnh J- 3hU thi cX! Wng c t'ong gi!o thng 1 cng nghiIp !ng

nhi|m /u 3hU 5uyn +,n )n hu hoRi mi t'%ng !ng l 1Vn 2 5u!n tm nhVt. 8o J- nhin liIu >inh h\c %c cho l gii ph6p t

th) nhin liIu +u 3ho6ng . "uy nhin- hm l%ng oxy l*n t'ong nhin

>inh h\c & lm gim i chVt l%ng cX! loRi nhin liIu ny nh% W

c!o- nh h%rng )n 5u6 t'0nh phun >%ng t'ong Wng c- nhiIt t'# t

+| ht qm. y 5u6 t'0nh 789 cJ 1!i t' 'Vt 5u!n t'\ng.

A.Y ng +[ngE $ng cVp +u >inh h\c thnh nhin liIu

E =n xuVt /io+ie>el

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


14/65

).H5# h67 8h9n n! HD3

hn 4ng hy+'o +eoxy hJ! 789 12 /n chVt l phn 4ng

+ec!c/oxyl mVt nhJm D9T 1 phn 4ng +ec!c/onyl mVt nhJm

D9 1 7T9 cX! c6c !xit c!c/onxylic +%*i >( cJ mt cX! 7 T. =( cJ

mt cX! 7TcJ t6c +[ng l mWt chVt th!m gi! 5u6 t'0nh phn 4ng-

t{ng 6p >uVt cho 5u6 t'0nh phn 4ng- chng >( h0nh thnh cc gy

mVt hoRt tUnh xc t6c. $goi '!- r t'ong mWt > nghin c4u gn

y cho 'ng >( cJ mt cX! 7Tlm t{ng W ch\n l\c tRo '! nguynliIu p!'!fn.

"'ong i2u 3iIn nhVt #nh- c6c !xit c!c/oxylic cJ th /# +ec!c/oxyl

hJ!. F4c W +| +ng cX! phn 4ng ph[ thuWc 1o 'Vt nhi2u 1o

/n chVt !xit c!c/onxylic. i 1*i mWt > !xit th0 ch cn un nJng

1*i xt 1 1i ti th0 & x&y '! phn 4nguVt 1 nhiIt W c!o. "h%ng phn 4ng xy '! 1*i

xc t6c 3im loRi 1*i 6p >uVt t{ng c!o /ng 7Tt'ong mWt thi)t /#

phn 4ng ng nhiIt.

BD7TD997 7T BD7Y D9 7T9

BD7TD997 BD7Y D9T

BD7TD997 79D9D7TB BD7 TD7TB

TD9T u6 t'0nh phn 4ng l t! nhiIt. U +[ phn 4ng

789 1*i !xit >te!'ico 1*i 3hi phn 4ng 1*i !xit /o thng th%ng. *i chVt

/o cX! !xit /o 3hng no th0 gi!i oRn u cX! phn 4ng l no

hJ! chVt /o. =!u J- phn 4ng cJ th i teo /! h%*ng 3h6c nh!u

l +ec!c/oxyl- +ec!c/onyl hoc ct mRch thnh c6c !xit /o 'Him*i xy '! phn 4ng 789 nh% t'n. U +[ 1*i t'ioleinuVt t%ng%ng 1 nJ lRi ' hn td Qkb^ )n Y]b^ ln.

nhiIt W Yb^oD- 1*i xc t6c $i t! cJ th chuyn ji t'iglixe'

Dbb7S9a< chVt /o t'ung tUnh- hiIu >uVt cho %c l 'Vt c!o 1*i >

phqm thu %cl !l3!n hoc !l3en mRch thng D )n DQk. 9xy /# 3h

r +Rng D9 hoc D9T- %c t'Wn lqn t'ong mWt Ut !l3!n DQ D] %

>inh '! 1 7T. =o 1*i xc t6c $i th0 xc t6c + h!y t t'n th!n hoRtUnh cho thVy >( hoRt Wng thVp hn t'ong 5u6 t'0nh 3h oxy 1 ng

lin 3)t cX! t'iglixe'it. gim chi phU cho 5u6 t'0nh ny- t! cJ th ch

$i %c /!o phX t'n oxit nhm KlT9Y. Mri 10- nJ cJ th t6i >inh +

+ng hn >o 1*i th!n hoRt tUnh /ng ph%ng ph6p t ch6y 3hi /# mV

hoRt tUnh xc t6c /ri cc.

Gc t6c $i ch4! l*p hy+'oxit i L87< l!ye'e+ +ou/le hy+'oxi+e

c}ng !ng cJ nhi2u >( 5u!n tm- /ri 10 >( Hng nhVt ion $i 1 Kl

t'ong mWt cVu t'c L87 gip nng c!o l%ng $i t'n nhm 1 W

phn t6n cX! $i.

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


18/65

b.1MZ& J =7 &+7 jim $/i.

Gc t6c cho phn 4ng 789 & %c nghin c4u td lu- 12 c /n

thnh phn xc t6c cho 5u6 t'0nh ny t%ng i ging 1*i 78= 178$. "heo J- thnh phn xc t6c cJ th lh?n $.n i6 lo7i -@a -.- -h9$$.-&A

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


21/65

Hnh B: Hnh *nh 8nh hi0n vi -ho !- $.- NiDl #3H

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


22/65

Hnh E: Hnh *nh 8nh hi0n vi -ho !- $.- NiFDl2%B

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


23/65

D h!i loRi xc t6c l $iEKl L87 Hng 3)t tX! 1 ni3en %c ngm

tqm t'n oxit nhm 2u cho thVy +iIn tUch /2 mt 1 3Uch th%*c l

m!o 5un t'ung /0nh. ZUch th%*c tinh th $iEKl L87 l k-Y nm %c

tUnh /ng cng th4c =che''e'- c6i ny c}ng %c +~ng tUnh to6n

3Uch th%*c cX! $i9 t'ong xc t6c $iEKl L87 1 T^_ $i`Kl T9Yl Y-a

nm 1 ]-S nm- t%ng 4ng. 6ng ch l- 3Uch th%*c cX! hRt $i9

nh hn 'Vt nhiu >o 1*i hRt tinh th xc t6c ni3en ngm tqm c~ng

1*i 3hi l%ng cX! hRt thVp. Mi)t 'ng- 3Uch th%*c cX! hRt t{ng 3hi

3hi l%ng 3im loRi t{ng td T )n S_- i2u ny cho thVy %c >(

t%ng t6c mRnh ms cX! ni3en 3im loRi 1 chVt h t' t'ong xc t6c.D%ng W l(c t%ng t6c ny %c /iu th# /ri hnh E.

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


24/65

Hnh G: "i0u / nghiIn -Ju H2TKL ("empe'!tu'eEp'og'!mme+ 'e+uction-@aNiDl #3H v< 2M NiFDl2%B &A

7nh Gcho thVy t'ong 3hi 1*i %ng "B cX! $iEKl L87 cJ mWt nnhiIt W l

a^^oD t'~ng 1*i nhiIt W m tRi J W t%ng t6c cX! $i9 1*i KlT9Y

gim xung thVp nhVt chUnh l lin 3)t cWng hJ! t'# cX! $iTthng

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


25/65

5u! nguyn t oxy- th0 nghin c4u "B cX! c $iEKl L87 1 T^_

$i`KlT9YcJ c6c nh nhiIt W thVp hn l YQ^oD 1 T^^oD- t%ng

4ng t%ng 4ng 1*i m4c gim l%ng $iTtRi 1~ng cJ >( t%ng t6c

giw! $i9 1 KlT9Yy)u t4c l $i9 'i hoc t( +o.

6nh gi6 %c > l%ng t%ng i 3im loRi $i t'n m,u xc t6c >!u3h 1*i 7T- c6c thU nghiIm hVp ph[ hJ! h\c 7T& %c th(c hiIn. Z)t%c th hiIn r b*ng B.

"*ng B: O;$ u* h9> >hP ha hQ- H2v< TK3 "empe'!tu'e 'og'!mme+8e>o'ptiona.

D6c m,u xc t6c T^_ $i`KlT9Ycho thVy %c mWt >( hVp th[ 7T1

+iIn tUch /2 mt 'ing $i l*n hn 6ng 3 >o 1* $iEKl L87- %c o

tRi nhiIt W m tRi J hin th# %c W gim c(c Ri t%ng 4ng 1*i

chng Hnh E.

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


26/65

Hnh A: KhR TK3C%2-@a !- $.- #3H NiDl v< 2M NiFDl2%B

Hnh S: KhR TK3NHB-@a !- $.- #3H NiDl v< 2M NiFDl2%B

Z)t 5u cX! c6c php o D9TE"8 cho thVy %c >( 6nh gi6 W 3i2mxc t6c.

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


27/65

"%ng t(- php o $7YE"8 %c th(c hiIn nhm 6nh gi6 W !xit

t'0nh /y r /ng T 1 hnh A- hnh S. Z)t 5u cho t! thVy %c c6c

thng > ny cX! h!i loRi xc t6c l gn /ng nh!u. 7!y i2u ny

ngh! l W 3i2m 1 !xit cX! h!i xc t6c ny gn nh% l t%ng t(

nh!u.

;. C+7 !i#i /n &,/n! 7n! n!hE HD3.

;.1FiGi &hiEu #i& J&0#,i7.

a)T8nh -h9$ v$ lU

Kxit >te!'ic l moott loRi !xit /o no cJ mWt nhJm ch4c D997c t'%ng cho c6c hp chVt !xit c!c/onxylic gn 1*i mWt gc !l3yl

thng no. Dng th4c phn t cX! nJ l DQ7Ya9T1 cng th4c cVu

tRo nh% hnh V.

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


28/65

Hnh V: Cng $hJ- -9u $7o a!i$ s$eai-

Kxit >te!'ic cJ 3hi l%ng phn t l T]-] g.mol EQ- tRi i2u 3iIn

/0nh th%ng l mWt chVt 'n nh% >6p cJ mu t'ng- 3hng m~i. $J

cJ 3hi l%ng 'ing l ^-]k g`cmY

r k^o

D- nhiIt W nJng chy laS-oD t4c l t%ng %ng 1*i Qbk-ao 1 Y]T-S Z. *i nhiIt W

phng chng 3hng t!n t'ong nhi2u loRi +ung mi hwu c 1 3h6 Ut

t'ong +ung m 1 c

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


29/65

Ymg`L r T^oD i 1*i +ung mi l n%*c nh%ng r nhiIt W c!o l*n

hn Q^^oD chng t!n tt t'ong c6c hy+'oc!c/on lng.

Kxit >te!'ic cJ 'Vt nhi2u t'ong mz Wng 1t chi)m t'n Y^_ 1 Uthn t'ong +u th(c 1t th%ng nh hn b_ t'd t'%ng hp l 5u

c! c!o h!y 5u / td T_ )n ]b_. 0 1y chng %c >n xuVt

td mz Wng 1t /ng c6ch cho thXy phn hi n%*c r 6p >uVt 1

nhiIt W c!o- >!u J cho ch%ng cVt cJ %c >n phqm th%ng

phqm.

b)T8nh -h9$ ha hQ-Kxit >te!'ic l mWt !xit c!c/onxylic gHm mWt nhJm ch4c D997

gn 1*i gc !l3yl no mRch thng D7YED7TQaE. y l mWt hJ! chVt

3h6 5u!n t'\ng t'ong c!c ngnh cng nghiIp x phng- m phqm-

+u /i t'n- chVt lm 3Un- chVt lm m2m. $J cJ 'Vt nhi2u t'ong

mv Wng 1t l nguyn liIu >n xuVt /io+ie>el.

0 l mWt !xit c!c/onxylic nn chng cJ y X tUnh chVt cX! mWt D6c phn 4ng c

t'%ng cX! mWt !xit hwu c nh%te hJ! nghinlRi cho 'ng >( hVp ph[ cRnh t'!nh cX! c6c phn t hy+'o 1 c6c phnguyn liIu lRi lm gim hiIu >uVt phn 4ng. $hwng 3)t lun t'n c

1*i >( ph6t hiIn cX! 9nye>ty63 1 c6c Hng nghiIp- nh}ng ng%5u!n >6t %c >( t{ng nHng W hy+'o +,n )n >( t{ng W chuyn t'ong 3hi W ch\n l\c DQk l 3hng th!y ji- cho thVy mWt i2u l h%rng cX! 6p >uVt 'ing phqn hy+'o ph[ thuWc 1o /n chVt cX! xci2u ny ph~ hp 1*i c6c /6o c6o gn y cho 'ng hiIu >uVt cX! xc1 con %ng phn 4ng /# nh h%rng /ri /n chVt t' xc t6c.

Fc +~- c6c t6c gi 3h6c nh!u gn y cJ gii thUch %c >( nh

h%rng cX! chVt t' xc t6c m!ng tUnh !xit- tuy nhin 3hJ m cJ th

hp l hJ! %c c6c 3)t 5u cX! xc t6c T^_

$i`KlT9Y1 $iEKl L87 t'ong 3hi h!i chVt ny hu nh% t%ng t( 12

tUnh !xit 1 /!@ F[c AAAEY. "%ng t(- 3Uch th%*c 3im loRi l ging

nh!u r c h!i loRi xc t6c- t4c l t6c Wng cX! W phn t6n xc t6c

ln phn 4ng- n)u cJ- l 3hng 6ng 3.

Dui c~ng- 1iIc cho 'ng hiIu >uVt tRo hy+'oc!c/on cX! xc t6cT^_ $i`KlT9Yc!o hn >o 1*i xc t6c $iEKl L87 t'ong i2u 3iIn c~ng

6p >uVt 'ing phn 7Tl +o >( ph[ thuWc cX! W chuyn hJ! 1o

3)t cVu chVt xc t6c- +iIn tUch /2 mt 'ing- th tUch l m!o 5un

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


33/65

1 3Uch th%*c l m!o 5un l 3hng ng. "h!y 1o J- i2u ny

phi ph[ thuWc 1o >( nh h%rng l,n nh!u cX! 6p >uVt 'ing phn

hy+'o 1 +iIn tUch /2 mt 'ing cX! xc t6c $i E c t%ng cho >

l%ng im hoRt Wng /2 mt i2u m %c x6c #nh mWt c6ch

t'(c ti)p /ng tUnh 3h cX! xc t6c.

b)3eo!W ha $is$eain

*i t'%ng hp t'i>te!'in- phn 4ng cJ th ti)n hnh 1*i nhiIt W

c!o 3hng cJ chVt xc t6c- tuy nhin 1*i h!i loRi xc t6c cJ t'n

cho thVy %c hiIu >uVt c!o hn 6ng 3 >o 1*i phn 4ng 3hngcJ xc t6c. "%ng t( 1*i t'%ng hp !xit >te!'ic- ch cJ mt l%ng

nh DQ thu %c- ch4ng t phn 4ng ch thng 5u! con %c loRi

/ D9x. 7iIu >uVt thu hy+'oc!c/on 1*i 3hU l 7 T l c!o hn- tuy

nhin l 3hng 6ng 3 n)u >o 1*i t'%ng hp !xit >te!'ic. 7n

nw!- >( t{ng hiIu >uVt thu %c hy+'oc!c/on mWt c6ch 6ng 3

cX! xc t6c T^_ $i`KlT9Y%c nh0n thVy r t'%ng hp !xit >te!'icc6i my 3hng th thVy %c mWt c6ch 'v 'ng r t'%ng hp

t'i>te'in. i2u ny cJ th l +o r t'%ng hp t'i>te!'in cJ i2u 3iIn

phn 4ng 3hc nghiIt hn nhi2u >o 1*i phn 4ng 1*i !xit >te!'ic.

?. *u' &,-nh J9n uQ& Ri/i0J0$ &,On 7S J HD3

?.1*u' &,-nh J9n uQ&

Ri/i0J0$ &U Ri/m#J uyt'0nh Q>1 r 5u6 t'0nh x l 789 cJ xc t6c. $h% 1y r 5u6 t'0nh nhiIt

phn nh!nh /iom!>> >s cJ xy '! c 5u6 t'0nh nhiIt phn /iom!>>

1 5u6 t'0nh 789 mWt phn /ioEoil.

uy t'0nh ny +~ng t6c nhn cung cVp 7y+'o td 5u6 t'0nh >te!m

'e?o'ming 3hU thin nhin. u6 t'0nh ny cJ th 3im >o6t tt 6p

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


35/65

>uVt hy+'o 1 nhiIt W phn 4ng- Hng thi tn +[ng %c c6c >n

phqm 3hU- >te!m tRo '! t'ong 5u6 t'inh nhiIt phn /iom!>> 1 789

cho 5u6 t'0nh >te!m 'e?o'ming- 1 lm nhin liIu cho 5u6 t'0nh tRo

'! hi n%*c. =n phqm >!u c~ng ngoi /io+ie>el chng t! cn thu

%c c6c >n phqm 3hU- x{ng.

uy t'0nh T!u gi!i oRn nhiIt phn nh!nh

/iom!>> thnh /ioEoil. u! > H t! cJ th thVy 5u6 t'0nh x l

5u! T gi!i oRn 789< gi!i oRn 7" 1 7D. $h% 1y >n phqmchng t! thu %c >s cJ W no c!o 1 ngoi +ie>el t! cn thu %c

x{ng.

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


36/65

?.)*u' &,-nh J9n uQ& Ri/i0J0$ &U u &h7 W& h/X7 mY ZW&:

uy t'0nh Q< 5uy t'0nh ny nguyn liIu t'(c ti)p l +u th(c 1t.

t'0nh t%ngi n gin< ch /!o gHm c[m thi)t /# phn 4ng 1*i xc t6c 1

c[m thi)t /# phn t6ch >n phqm. u '! cX! 5uy t'0nh ny l

+ie>el- et 1 LC.

H

1X$ss

!Hd$v

1&12

uy t'0nh Toil 3hU 5uyn. =n phqm cX! 5u6 t'0nh ny ch cJ

T phn oRn- +o thnh phn nhp liIu chUnh 1,n l +ie>el- +u

th(c 1t %c ph! 1o r 5uy t'0nh ny ch 1o 3hong a.b_ 3hi

l%ng- nn >( ! +Rng 12 >n phqm u '! l 3hng c!o.

uy t'0nh ny chX y)u l 4ng +[ng ph! +u th(c 1t 1o +u +ie>

nhm gim gi6 thnh cX! +ie>el.

H 6n tt nghi Ip

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38/65

b.Y Dng nghI P9`:ni :cofning 'oce>> ?o' C'een 8ie>el 'o+uction

Hnh 1B: Cng ngh s*n !u9$ dieselP9`:ni :cofning k.

$guyn liIu thUch hp cho 5u6 t'0nh ny cJ th /!o gm c6c loRi

+u cJ nguHn gc th(c 1t nh% u t%ng- ci +u h!y l c\. "uy

nhin- 1*i c6c nguHn nguyn liIu l c6c loRi +u 3hng {n %c

nh% +u m 1 +u to m*i l c6c nguHn nguyn liIu t'in 1\ng

nhVt cho cng nghI ny. $goi '!- cng nghI ny cJ th > +[ng

nguHn nghin liIu l +u mz thi- mz cJ nguHn gc td Wng 1t 1

c6c loRi chVt /o no. "uy nhin t~y thuWc 1o nHng W tRp chVt

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


39/65

t'ong nguyn liIu m t! >s %! '! mWt 5u6 t'0nh ti2n xw l hiIu

5u

Dng nghI :cofning /!o gHm h!i gi!i oRn x l /ng hy+'o tUchhp. u6 t'0nh %c m t mWt c6ch n gin 5u! > H 3hi r

hnh 1B. "'ong cng nghI ny- nguyn liIu %c 5u! thi)t /# /m

i2u chnh 6p l(c- >!u J %c t'Wn l,n 1*i hy+'o 1 cho 1o

thi)t /# phn 4ng BQ ti)n hnh phn 4ng 789- t'ong ny

nguyn liIu %c +eoxy mWt c6ch hon ton. ZhU r thi)t /# BQ phi

%c thi)t lp >!o cho Rt %c 6p >uVt 'ing phn hy+'o ti thiu.

$guyn liIu u 1o %c chuyn hJ! xong- th tUch cX! >n phqm%c hy+'o+eoxy hJ! i '! l*n hn >o 1*i th tUch nguyn liIu u W ch\n l\c p!'!fn r 3hon >i cX! +ie>el l 3h6 c!o. =n phqm ph[gi!i oRn ny l p'op!n- n%*c 1 c!'/on +ioxit.

$%*c thi td thi)t /# BQ %c t6ch '! ng!y >!u 3hi '! 3hi l phn

4ng c~ng 1*i c!'/on +ioxit 1 c6c hy+'oc!'/on cJ 3hi l%ng phn

t thVp. D6c >n phqm nhin liIu +ie>el %c t'Wn 1*i 3hU hy+'o /j

>ung 'Hi >!u J %c chuyn )n mWt l phn 4ng BT th(c hiIn

ph 4ng hy+'oEi>ome hJ! >n xuVt +ie>el mRch nh6nh. L +o

th(c hiIn phn 4ng ny l i2u chnh im ng c cX! +ie>el

1 1*i l(! ch\n l phn 4ng hy+'oEi>ome hJ! t! tiu tn mWt l%ng

'Vt Ut hy+'o.

"d >n phqm phn 4ng i>ome hJ! mWt l%ng hy+'o +% thd! >s

%c t6ch '! 1*i >n phqm. =!u 3hi tinh ch)- hy+'o +% thd! >s

%c t6i ch) t'r lRi h!i thi)t /# BQ 1 BT ''e +uy t'0 6p >uVt 'ing

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


40/65

phn hy+'o ti thiu. 7y+'o %c thm 1o /~ 1o l%ng mVt i

+o phn 4ng hJ! h\c xy '!. =n phqm lng >s %c gi )n 5u6

t'0nh thu hHi >n phqm- r y cJ c6c /%*c ch%ng cVt thng th%ng

t6ch c6c >n phqm nhin liIu 1 p'op!n.

Dng nghI >n xuVt /io+ie>el ny hoRt Wng t'ong i2u 3iIn 3h6

nh nhnh 1 cJ 3h n{ng 3)t hp 'Vt tt 1*i c6c nh m6y l\c +u.

$)u mun- t! cJ th > +[ng mWt phn >n phqm nh tRo '! tVt

c hy+'o cn thi)t cho 5u6 t'0nh ny.

?.;Cn! n!hE J9n uQ& Ri/i0J0$ N^cTL.

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


41/65

Hnh 1E: Cng ngh s*n !u9$ biodiesel N!"T# &'

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


42/65

$guHn nguyn liIu l mz Wng 1t %c nhp 3hqu td n%*c ngoi

1 t'ong n%*c. Zhi ng 1t /# gi)t m th0 ch b^_ l%ng th#t l con

ng%i cJ th > +[ng. Dn l%ng mz +% thd! cn lRi l mWt nguHn

nguyn liIu +Hi +o cho 5u6 t'0nh ny. M!n u- nguyn liIu th

%c p 1 un nJng /ng hi n%*c chi)t xuVt %c mz '! td

c6c th* th#t c}ng nh% gi)t ch)t 1i 3huqn. =!u J- chVt /o %c

t6ch 3hi n%*c 1 tinh ch) t'r thnh nguyn liIu cX! 5u6 t'0nh.

u6 t'0nh tjng th %c m t 5u! hnh 1E u6 t'0nh /!o gHm mWt >

phn nh% >!u !- $.-

$i3en nit'!t $i$9YT.a7T9 .

9xit nhm KlT9Y.

Kmmoni moly/+enoxit $7]TFoT9k .

$hm nit'!t Kl$9YY.S7T9 .

$!t'i hy+'oxit 3h!n $!97 .

$!t'i c!c/on!t $!TD9Y.

$%*c cVt 7T9.b) Kh*n Jng H3%

Kxit >te!'ic D7YD7TQaD997 Sk_.

8ung mi< !'!fn lng.

M0nh 3hU Q^_ 7T`K'.

1.)Thi(& Rg e fn! 7f.

a)

TRng h\> !- $.-

H 6n tt nghi Ip

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https://www.google.com.vn/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CDEQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lookchem.com%2Fcas-275%2F27546-07-2.html&ei=sGGSU5f8EJP98QWskoK4DA&usg=AFQjCNHkIS_veiejmagTQQU4Giuw3tVKUA&sig2=wgxgcbAAv0ZTLIHGzQBz4w&bvm=bv.68445247,d.dGc&cad=rjahttps://www.google.com.vn/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CDEQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lookchem.com%2Fcas-275%2F27546-07-2.html&ei=sGGSU5f8EJP98QWskoK4DA&usg=AFQjCNHkIS_veiejmagTQQU4Giuw3tVKUA&sig2=wgxgcbAAv0ZTLIHGzQBz4w&bvm=bv.68445247,d.dGc&cad=rja


44/65

- Dn phn tUch D TT]=.

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


45/65

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


46/65

Hnh 1G: C?n >h?n $8-h CK

- FVy 3huVy td gi! nhiIt K'e.

Hnh 1A: ].W hu9W $^ gia nhi$ De

- "X >Vy

- MW l\c chn 3hng.

H 6n tt nghi Ip

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47/65

- ng ong +ung tUch Q^^ml

- Dc (ng +ung tUch b^^ml

- CiVy l\c chn 3hng

- L nung Leton +Rng 4ng.

H 6n tt nghi Ip

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48/65

Hnh 1S: #_ nung #e$on d7ng /Jng

- L gi! nhiIt +Rng ng +~ng hoRt hJ! xc t6c.

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


49/65

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


50/65

Hnh 1V: H $hng hY !- $.-b)

Kh*n Jng H3%

- "hi)t /# phn 4ng !utocl!1e < +ung tUch Q^^^ml

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


51/65

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


52/65


53/65

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


54/65

Hnh 2M: H $hng $hi;$ b` >h*n Jng- F6y phn tUch 5u!ng phj hHng ngoRi .

Hnh 21: ].W >h?n $8-h >hR hng ngo7i

). Ti(n henh.

Hnh 22: 5 / hi u. $nh $i;n h


55/65

7!i l*p hy+'oxit %c h0nh thnh /ng 5u6 t'0nh 3)t tX! t'ong i2u

3iIn >iu /&o h!. Dhuqn /# h!i loRi +ung +#ch- mWt ch4! 3im loRi

nit'!t thUch hp Kl$9YY1 $i$9YT 1 mWt ch4! hn hp +ung

+#ch $!97 1 $!TD9Y. 7!i loRi +ung +#ch %c t'Wn l,n 1*i nh!u

>!o cho p7 %c +uy t'0 r Q^.

u6 t'0nh tjng hp %c ti)n hnh c[ th nh% >!uVy 3h r a^oD 1 nghi2n m#n.

Gc t6c thu %c phi cJ hm l%ng $! b^^ ppm. Dng th4c thu cX! xc t6c >s l

$i^.akKl^.YY97TD9Y^.Qkm7T9- $i^.QYFg^.b]Kl^.YY97TD9Y^.Qkm7T9 n)u > +[ng c 3im loRi Fg 1 Fg^.kbKl^.Tb97T

D9Y^.QYm7T9 n)u 3hng +~ng 3im loRi $i 1 +~ng Fg.

H 6n tt nghi Ip

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56/65

/+- $.- ng?6 $6 NiDl2%B

Gc t6c ngm tqm $iEKlT9YT^_ $i`KlT9Y %c tjng hp /ng c6ch

cho xc t6c 3im loRi chUnh l $i %c /!o phX ln oxit nhm /ngph%ng ph6p ngm tqm.

u6 t'0nh tjng hp %c ti)n hnh c[ th nh% >!u!o ch

l%ng $i t'ong xc t6c l T^_ 3hi l%ng.

M%*c T< "i)n hnh t'Wn hn hp h!i chVt t'n c~ng 1*i mWt l%nn%*c cVt 1d! X. M%*c Y< Dho 3huVy mRnh hn hp /n

3huVy td c~ng 5u6 t'0nh gi! nhiIt td td lm /!y hi n%*c. u

t'0nh 3)t thc 3hi con 3huVy td 3hng 3huVy %c nw!. c

/ng 1*i nhiIt W phng t'ong Q ti)ng Hng hH. M%*c T 1 /%*c

%c lm lRi ] ln >!o cho $i3en %c nRp 1o 5u! ] ln.

M%*c ]< Dho >Vy xc t6c r Q^^oD t'ong Q^ ti)ng Hng hH.

M%*c b< $ghi2n m#n xc t6c 1 cho nung )n b^^oD. "c W g

nhiIt l nung l boD`pht. $ung t'ong Y ti)ng Hng hH.

u6 t'0nh tjng hp cJ th cho thm Folip+en ^.b_ 3hi l%ng hoRt tUnh cho xc t6c.

c *u+ &,-nh h/& h5# =7 &+7 Rln! H)

*i xc t6c Hng ng%ng t[ >!u 3hi tjng hp thnh cng 1 Rt

%c yu cu th0 cJ th %c > +[ng t'(c ti)p. "uy nhin 1*i xc

t6c ngm tqm th0 cn phi 5u! mWt gi!i oRn hoRt hJ! xc t6c.

H 6n tt nghi Ip

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57/65

i2u ny l +o nguyn liIu tjng hp xc t6c l $i$9YT- t'ong 5u6

t'0nh ngm tqm 1 nung th0 3im loRi ni3en %c chuyn 12 +Rng

oxit.

0 1y- phi cJ mWt 5u6 t'0nh chuyn 3im loRi ni3en r +Rng oxit 12 +

$i 3im loRi.

Fi m,u xc t6c %c cn cho X +~ng 1*i mWt ln phn 4ng.Dhng %c x l /ng mWt +ng hy+'o Yb_ 7T`K' t'ong /! ti)ng

Hng hH. Gc t6c %c cho 1o mWt ng thXy tinh 1 cho +ng 3hU

t'n i 5u! t'ong i2u 3iIn nhiIt W c!o. L%u l%ng +ng 3hU l b^

ml`pht. Dh) W gi! nhiIt 1*i Q ti)ng Hng hH /!n u +ung gi!

nhiIt )n ]^^oD aoD`pht 1 T gi Hng hH >!u th0 giw nguyn r

nhiIt W J. Dui c~ng cho xc t6c nguWi ng!y t'ong ng thXytinh t'6nh ti)p xc 1*i 3hng 3hU 10 nJ cJ th oxy hJ! t'r lRi thnh

oxit ng!y lp t4c 3hi !ng r nhiIt W c!o xung nhiIt W phng

cJ th ch +%*i Q^^oD n)u > +[ng xc t6c ng!y >!u J. =!u

c~ng- cho xc t6c 1o mWt l\ 3Un- ht chn 3hng 1 thji 3hU t'

$T /o 5un hoc cJ th > +[ng ti)n hnh chRy phn 4ng

ng!y >!u J.

$i$9 YT $i9 T$9 TQ

T9T

to

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58/65

Hnh 2B: H $hng ho7$ ha !- $.- bcng H2

b)

Ti;n hh*n Jng

7I thng phn 4ng /!o gHm mWt l thp ch#u 6p >uVt c!o- cJ hI

thng 3huVy 1 gi! nhiIt t( Wng. DJ mWt %ng +,n 3hU 1o 1

mWt %ng +,n 3hU '!. DJ h!i 1!n r c %ng 1o 1 '! m/o +ng 3hU cJ th '! 1o mWt c6ch lin t[c. FWt F!>> o +~ng

i2u chnh l%u l%ng +ng 3hU hy+'o 1o. FWt >en>o' nhiIt

theo +vi nhiIt W t'ong l. FWt 6p 3) o 6p >uVt. FWt /0nh 3hU

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


59/65

hy+'o Q^_ 7T`K'. FWt %ng ng +,n n%*c lm m6t hI thng3huVy.

Hnh 2E: H $hng $hi;$ b` >h*n Jng H3%

$guyn liIu l !xit >te!'ic Sk_ em cn %c Y-b g'!m. em !xit

>te!'ic nung nJng )n nhiIt W Q^^oD nJ chy lng '! i2u

3iIn nhiIt W phng !xit >te!'ic r th 'n. =!u J em hon t!n

1o +ung mi l p!'!fn lng b^ g!m. =!u J +ung +#ch %c cho

1o l phn 4ng.

H 6n tt nghi Ip

$hJm tiu lun 789 60


60/65

Gc t6c t'%*c 3hi em hoRt hJ! em cn %c Qg!m. =!u 3hi cho

hoRt hJ! 3h /ng 7T 1 nguWi th0 chon ng!y 1o l phn 4ng

& cJ >n +ung +#ch nguyn liIu.

Lp hI thng phn 4ng nh% h0nh t'n. L%u 3hi th 3hU chRy 5u! th0

3im t'! c6c mi ni ng +,n 3hU xem 3hU cJ /# ' ' r u 3hng.

"i)n hnh uji 3hng 3hU cJ t'ng l phn 4ng t'ong 1ng Q^ )n Qb /ng 3hU hy+'o. =!u J 3hJ! 1!n r u 3hU '! 1 cho 6p >uVt Rt p>i th0 mr 1!n '!. i2u chnh l%u l%ng l Q^^ ml`pht 1o lin t[c /m!>> o. "i)n hnh cho c6nh 3huVy hoRt Wng 1 gi! nhiIt 1*i tboD`pht.

"Unh thi gi!n /t u td 3hi hI thng Rt nhiIt W l Y^^ToD.

hn 4ng >s xy '! t'ong Q-b ti)ng Hng hH.

Dho hI thng nguWi 12 nhiIt W phng chng >n phqm cJ th

/!y hi r nhiIt W c!o 1 lVy >n phqm phn 4ng '!. =n phqm

%c h! t!n /ng nEhex!n >!u J t6ch xc t6c /ng ph%ng ph6pl\c /ng giVy l\c.

"i)n hnh thU nghiIm nh% t'n 1*i c6c l%ng xc t6c l T g!m 1 Y-b

g!m /ng l%ng chVt phn 4ng.

-)

Kh*n Jng vi nguWIn liu l< $is$eain

*i 5u6 t'0nh t%ng t( t'n- tuy nhin 1*i i2u 3in phn 4ng th!y j

luVt< b^p>i.

"hi gi!n phn 4ng< a gi Hng hH.

H 6n tt nghi Ip

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62/65

"i liIu th!m 3hoQ Bu>>ell L. 7olli+!y- e''y . Zing- !n+ C!'y B. Li>t- HWdolWsis

ege$able %ils in ubE !n+ =upe'c'itic!l !te'.

T !m>hi+/eigi :h>!n- 7e3m!t $!@emi Kli- !n+ F!'!n+i Be@

i6ula$ion o "iodiesel Kodu-$ion fni$- D!n!+i!n ou'n!l o

Dhemic!l :nginee'ing "echnology ol. Y $o. Q- !nu!'y T^QT.

Y . h!ng- F.K. 8u/e- 8.8. FcLe!n- !n+ F. Z!te>- "iodies>odu-$ion o6 as$e -ooing oil: 1 Ko-ess design an$e-hnologi-al assess6en$- Mio'e>ou'ce "echnology S- T^^Y

] . !n Ce'pen- M. =h!n3>- !n+ B. 'u>@3o- 8. Dlement>- C. Znoth

"iodiesel Kodu-$ion Te-hnologW, $!tion!l Bene!/le :ne'g

L!/o'!to'y- 9pe'!te+ ?o' the P.=. 8ep!'tment o? :ne'gy- 9ce

:ne'gy :ciency !n+ Bene!/le :ne'gy /y Fi+e>t Be>e!'c

An>titute- uly T^^].

b "ony! Fo'g!n- :+u!'+o =!ntill!nEimene@- Knne :.7!'m!nE!'

!ying i- 8!niel C'u//- F!'3 D'oc3e'- Ca$alW$i- deo!Wgena$ion

$iglW-eides $o hWdo-abons ove su>>o$ed ni-el -a$alWs$

Dente' ?o' Kpplie+ :ne'gy Be>e!'ch- Pni1e'>ity o? Zentuc3y- Tb]

Be>e!'ch !'3 8'i1e- Lexington- Z ]^bQQ- P=K.

a :+u!'+o =!ntill!nEimene@- "ony! Fo'g!n- !ime =houp- Knn

:. 7!'m!nE!'e- F!'3 D'oc3e'- Ca$alW$i- deo!Wgena$ion

$iglW-eides and a$$W a-ids $o hWdo-abons ove NiD

laWeed double hWdo!ide- Dente' ?o' Kpplie+ :ne'gy

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Lexington ]^bQQ- Z- P=K

k httpingEecofning S httpe!'ch- Be>e!'ch An>titute o? Ano'g!nic Dhemi>t'y- !lu@ Q-

]b- ]Ya k^ Lit1no1- D@ech Bepu/lic- T^Q^ pQSST^.

QT :+!'+ u'im>3y- Levie Ca$alW$i- hWdodeo!Wgena$ion, AFK

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M'!ti>l!1!- =lo1!3 Bepu/lic- T^^S

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Qb F!'3 D'oc3e'- Ca$alW$i- deo!Wgena$ion o $iglW-eides $hWdo-abons ove su>>o$ed ni-el -a$alWs$s- T^QT.

Qa 8.u. Fu'@in- Ca$alW$i- deo!Wgena$ion o unsa$ua$ed eneab

eeds$o-s o >odu-$ion o diesel uel hWdo-abons,T^^S.

Qk 7. 7en'y L!m/- Ca$alW$i- ea-$ion >a$haWs in liuid>hasdeo!Wgena$ion o C1V ee a$$W a-ids- T^Q^.

Q 8!1i+ Zu/ic3!- 3ea-$iva$ion o H3 -a$alWs$s in deo!Wgena$ioo vege$able oils- T^^S.

QS Dh!ng 7yun Zo- 3eo!Wgena$ion o 6i-oalgal oil in$o hWdo-abo

i$h >e-ious 6e$al -a$alWs$s:%>$i6ipa$ion o ea-$ion -ondi$ionand su>>o$s- T^QT.

T^ L!nce L. Lo//!n- 3ie-$ -onvesion o $iglW-eides $o olens an>aaqns ove noble 6e$al su>>o$ed -a$alWs$s- T^Q^.

TQ Li>i!ne . F!tto>- :ect o? t- Kd and Lh in $he Wdodeo!Wgena$ion o Khenol

' ren o Han-s, kuel >odu-$ion bW hWdo$ea$ing o$iglW-eides on Ni]oFDl2%BFk -a$alWs$- T^QQ.

TT !n 7o'6c e3- H3% -a$alWs$s o $iglW-eides -onvesion in>WolWsis and iso6eipa$ion eeds$o-- T^QY.

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TY Kn+e'> Bii>!ge'- HWdodeo!Wgena$ion o as$e a$ o dies>odu-$ion: $udW on 6odel eed i$h K$Falu6ina -a$alWs$- T^QQ.

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