Day 127: The Great Depression and the New DealBaltimore Polytechnic Institute

March 19, 2013A/A.P. U.S. History

Mr. Green

Test Friday, Chapters 31-33Decades Chart 1920’s complete by Friday for

a class work grade-you should be completing it while we take notes.

Distribute 1930s Decade Chart

Announcements

Objectives: Students will analyze New Deal legislation by evaluating the

effectiveness of New Deal policies.

AP FocusThe first hundred days of Roosevelt’s presidency witness

a torrent of executive and legislative programs, acts, and policies that attempt to deal with the Great Depression and to reform the economic system, so that the nation will never again experience such a devastating economic collapse.

To jumpstart the economy, Roosevelt institutes an inflationary policy in which deficit spending is used to create jobs. It is hoped that this will reduce the number of people needing government aid and increase consumer spending, further stimulating demand and, consequently, higher employment. Income would be taxed to help defray the cost of federally funded jobs.

The Great Depression and the New Deal

CHAPTER THEMESRoosevelt’s New Deal tackled the

Great Depression with massive federal programs designed to bring about relief, recovery, and reform.

Chapter Focus

Identify significant foreign policy events during Hoover’s administration.

Tariff increases-Hawley Smoot Tariffincrease the price of foreign

Spread out Europe’s debt payment-Young plan

Japan invades Manchuria (province of China) 1931

1932 Japan bombs Shanghai

Warm-up

Election of 1932Republicans-Herbert HooverDemocrats-Franklin D. Roosevelt

Campaign IssuesDemocrats-New Deal, balanced budgets, promise to do somethingRepublicans-American free enterprise, individual initiative

22,809,638 to 15,758,901472-59 Electoral voteHoover carried 6 statesAfrican-Americans switched to the D’sFDR may have deliberately permitted the depression to

worsen

Roosevelt’s Program

The Vanquished and the Victor

Closed the banks from March 6-10Special Session of Congress-1st 100 daysRelief, Recovery, and ReformRubber stamp Congress-legislative authority given to the

PresidentNew Dealers used European modelsEmergency Banking Relief Act of 1933

President has power to regulate banks transactions/foreign exchange/reopen solvent banks

Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act of 1933split commercial and investment bankingFDIC

Federal Securities ActSEC

1st New Deal

Bank Failures Before and After the Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act of 1933

Removed the U.S. from the Gold StandardIncreased inflation by buying gold with paper currency

Roosevelt set the price of goldReturned to gold for international trade in Feb 1934JobsCivilian Conservation Corps, TVAFederal Emergency Relief Act-FERA: direct relief to states Agricultural Adjustment Act-unconstitutional 1936Home Owners’ Loan Corporation-shifted people to the

Democratic PartyCWA-leaf raking, “The only thing we have to fear… it

work itself”National Recovery Administration-unconstitutional 1935

1st New Deal Continued

Father Charles Coughlin“Social Justice”

Dr. Francis E. Townsend$200/month for people over 60

Huey Long$5,000/year guaranteed income for everyoneShare Our Wealth program

Anti-New Dealers

Frances Perkins-1st woman cabinet member, Labor Department

Mary McLeod Bethune-African-American, office of Minority Affairs in the NYA

Margaret Mead-anthropologist

New Deal and Minorities

WPA-built roads, public buildings, bridges, and do-nothing jobs

National Labor Relations ActWagner Act

Social Security ActSoil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act

Plant soil conserving crops-soybeans2nd AAAFair Labor Standards Act

2nd New Deal 1935-1938

1. How did the early New Deal legislation attempt to achieve the three goals of relief, recovery, and reform?

2. Which of the New Deal’s many programs to reform the economy and alleviate the depression was the most successful, and why? (You may identify and discuss more than one.) Which was least successful, and why?

3. Were direct federal efforts to provide work for the unemployed—such as the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Works Progress Administration, and the Public Works Administration—justified either in terms of their immediate benefits to workers or as means of stimulating the economy. Why or why not?

4. Why did the New Deal arouse such opposition from conservatives, including those on the Supreme Court?

Class Discussion

Read Chapter 33Prepare for 5 question reading check on

TuesdayDecades Chart 1930’s

Homework