Day 143: The Stormy 60’sBaltimore Polytechnic Institute

April 15, 2013A/A.P. U.S. History

Mr. Green

1. This is where Ho Chi Minh scored a victory against the French in Indochina in 1954.

2. Gamal Abdul Nasser led this nation and decided to nationalize this strategic waterway (2).

3. He served as President Eisenhower’s Secretary of State.

4. He led Cuba from the 1930’s to 1959 when this Communist took control of the country (2).

5. This individual was propped up by a coup by the CIA in 1953 to lead Iran.

Reading Check

Students will analyze to what extent the Kennedy administration increased American involvement in Southeast Asia by describing the impact of Kennedy’s foreign policy decisions.

Objectives

Objectives: Indicate how America reacted to Pearl Harbor and prepared to

wage war against both Germany and Japan.Describe the mobilization of the American economy for war and

the mobilization of manpower and womanpower for both the military and wartime production.

Describe the war’s effects on American society, including regional migration, race relations, and women’s roles.

Explain the early Japanese successes in East Asia and the Pacific, and the American strategy for countering them.

AP FocusEarly in the war, Germany, Japan, and Italy have considerable

military success. The Allies, except for France, which had surrendered in 1940, are fortunate not to be overwhelmed completely.

Fearing that they will be disloyal, President Roosevelt orders the detention of Japanese Americans, a serious violation of basic American civil rights.

The Stormy 60s

CHAPTER THEMESUnified by Pearl Harbor, America effectively

carried out a war mobilization effort that produced vast social and economic changes within American society.

Following its “get Hitler first” strategy, the United States and its Allies invaded and liberated conquered Europe from Fascist rule. The slower strategy of island-hopping against Japan also proceeded successfully until the atomic bomb brought a sudden end to World War II.

Chapter Focus

Republicans nominate Richard M. NixonDemocrats nominate John F. Kennedy303 to 219 for JFK in the Electoral CollegePopular Vote34,266,731 for JFK34,108,157 for Nixon501,643 for Harry F. Byrd-Independent

Byrd won 15 Electoral Votes1st Roman Catholic elected, youngest electedT.V. played a role in the debatesJFK believed Russia gained on the U.S. New Frontier-”get the country moving again”

1960 Presidential Election

New Frontiers in Domestic PolicyBobby Kennedy-35 year old attorney general

focused on organized crime/not civil rightsRobert McNamara-president of Ford, appointed as Secretary of DefensePeace Corps

Economynoninflationary wage agreement in steel in early 1962

Final Frontier-NASA and the moonshot

Chapter 38: The Stormy 60’s

Alliance for Progress-Latin American Marshall Plan that never took off

Bay of Pigs-April 17, 19611200 Cuban exiles landed at Bay of Pigs to topple Castroinherited from the Eisenhower administration

Berlin Wall-August 1961constructed after JFK met with Khrushchev at Vienna to discuss East Germany East German population fled to West Germany through BerlinEuropean Economic Community-EEC

free trade area that turned into the EUGlobalization created in 1967 to liberalized trade policies

Foreign Policy

Cuban Missile Crisis-October 1962U.S.S.R. began secretly installing nuclear-tipped missiles in CubaJFK refused bombing strikesOctober 22, 1962-naval quarantine of Cuba

an attack from Cuba would be an attack from Russia with a nuclear response

U.S. agreed to not invade CubaU.S. removed missiles from TurkeyU.S.S.R. pulled missiles from CubaOutcomes:

Khrushchev out Soviets began massive military buildupDemocrats did better in the 1962 mid-termsProhibiting trial nuclear explosions in the atmosphere signed in late 1963installment of a Moscow-Washington hotline in August 1963

LaosGeneva Conference 1962Ike administration tried aid to rid the communistsFlexible response-D.O.D.

military options-special forcesVietnam

increased military advisors in late 1961difficulty with Diem, U.S. encouraged a coup against him in November 1963

Modernization theory used in the underdeveloped world

Walt Whitman Rostow

Kennedy and the Third World

Brown V. Board (1954)-”separate is inherently unequal”

Brown V. Board II (1955)-”with all deliberate speed

Freedom Ridersfanned out to end segregation in facilities serving interstate bus passengers

Voter Education Projectregister Southern African-American’s to vote

Integrating southern universities James Meredith and Ole Miss-Oct. 1962

Civil Rights Movement

MLK JR begins his campaign on Birmingham, ALSpring 1963-most segregated big city in

Americapolice used cattle prods, high

pressure hoses to repel peaceful civil rights marchers

June 11, 1963-Kennedy went public with the racial question

“a moral issue” and called for new legislation to protect Black citizens

August 1963-March on Washington and King’s “I Have a Dream Speech”

September 1963-Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, AL killing 4 young girls

November 22, 1963-JFK assassinatedCivil Rights Act of 1964

banned racial discrimination in most private facilities open to the public

Title VII-empowered the EEOCAffirmative Action-executive order in 1965Great Society-War on Poverty

meant to transform American way of lifeeducation, medical care for elderly/indigent,

immigration reform, voting rights billMedicare-April 1965Medicaid-April 1965DOTHUD-Robert C. Weaver

Immigration and Nationality Actabolished the “national origins” quota since 1921

doubled the number annually and limited immigrants from the Western Hemisphere

family unification provisionHead Start

education for underprivileged youth

Democrats nominate Lyndon B. Johnsonwon a Senate seat in 1948 by 87 votes

Republicans nominate Barry Goldwater486-52 Electoral vote43,129,566 to 27,178,188 popular voteConservatism versus LiberalismAugust 1964-U.S. Navy cooperating with South

Vietnam gunboats in provocative raids along the coast of North Vietnam

Irony: LBJ painted Goldwater as a trigger-happy cowboy who would lead us into a nuclear war.

Presidential Election of 1964

1. Begin 1960’s chart2.

Class Discussion

Read Chapter 38Prepare for 5 question reading check on

Wednesday

Homework