Baker Hughes Presentation

Evaluating Well Integrity

Dominic DieseruProduct Line Manager – Wireline & TCP - United KingdomDecomworld - 28th Feb 2013 – Ardoe House

© 2013 BAKER HUGHES INCORPORATED. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF USE: BY ACCEPTING THIS DOCUMENT, THE RECIPIENT AGREES THAT THE DOCUMENT TOGETHER WITH ALL INFORMATION INCLUDED THEREIN IS THE CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY PROPERTY OF BAKER HUGHES INCORPORATED AND INCLUDES VALUABLE TRADE SECRETS AND/OR PROPRIETARY INFORMATION OF BAKER HUGHES (COLLECTIVELY "INFORMATION"). BAKER HUGHES RETAINS ALL RIGHTS UNDER COPYRIGHT LAWS AND TRADE SECRET LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND OTHER COUNTRIES. THE RECIPIENT FURTHER AGREES THAT THE DOCUMENT MAY NOT BE DISTRIBUTED, TRANSMITTED, COPIED OR REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC, MECHANICAL, OR OTHERWISE, WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF BAKER HUGHES, AND MAY NOT BE USED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY IN ANY WAY DETRIMENTAL TO BAKER HUGHES’ INTEREST.

Agenda

Casing Inspection Services Flux Leakage - Micro & High Resolution Vertilog Service

Imaging Caliper

Electromagnetic Measurements - Digital Magnelog

Ultra Sonics

Advanced Cement Bond Log Segmented Bond Tool

Combined Interpretation Solutions

© 2013 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.2

What is the condition of your casing and tubing ?

Casing Inspection Systems


Evaluate Condition Of Casing Strings– Mechanical

• Evaluate Collapse • Locate Splits• Locate Separated pipe• Locate Subs, Mandrels, Collars, and other Hardware.• Locate Holes & Perforations• Locating a Packer Seat• Evaluate Tubing/Casing Prior to Workover

– Corrosion• Determine Condition of casing due to Corrosion• Monitor Corrosion Rate• Determine Effectiveness of Corrosion Inhibition

Casing Problems


Features, Advantages & Benefits


Magnetic Flux Leakage Measurement


Micro Vertilog & Digital Vertilog - Benefits

• Discriminates corrosion type :– isolated– annular – general corrosion.

• Detects small corrosion pits on both the inside and outside

• Discriminates between actual corrosion and well completion equipment.

• Analysis provides a corrosion map, for easy Interpretation

• Provides depth and % penetration, as low as 3/8” @ 30% penetration

• Provides multiple overlapping measurements for complete 360 degree circumferential analysis.


Vertilog Pad Sensors

FL Passive Coils: Measure any “Flux Leakage”;

Signal Amplitude is proportional to % of penetration

EC active coils: Generate a 10 khz magnetic field to induce “eddie currents” on the internal surface of casing

EC SIGNAL

FL SIGNAL


9

CourtesyTexas Gas Transmission LLC

Well # 15842

Acquisition & Field Deliverable

• MV32 Data Acquisition

• MVRT-Type Deliverable

• Standard Log Format


Several external pits interconnected, observe the response of EC discriminator

Example – Micro Vertilog


Efficiency….Data accuracy….People-oriented service

.148

.188

Two external pits.Lower pit real penetration is .188ins DVRT tool reading is 0.201ins 93%. accurate.Upper pit real penetration is 0.148ins tool reading is 0.155 ins 96% accurate.

Example – Digital Vertilog

Summary - Magnetic Flux Leakage

Advantages• Internal/External Defects• Fast - 120 ft/min• 100% Coverage FL & DIS• Safe –

–No Harm to Tubular or Coating

• Robust ––Immune to Scale/Paraffin –Works in any Fluid or Gas

• Improving Signal/Noise with Increasing Corrosion

Disadvantages• Indirect Measurement• Poor Sensitivity to:

–Axially Oriented Defects–Mechanical Deformation

• Speed dependent




• Speed independent– Increased logging speed (~200’/min) means less time on the well– Able to log slower through well head results in safer operation

• Increased dynamic range of instrument allows for the operation in a variety of downhole conditions

– Ability to operate in greater range of casing weights– Ability to negotiate casing patches and provide inspection

• No external wiring– Reduced tool maintenance– Reduced down time on well site

High Resolution FL Measurement


• Increased circumferential and axial resolution– More sensors

• 144 FL , 48 DIS in 4 ½” tool• 144 FL , 48 DIS in 5” – 5 ½” tool• 288 FL , 96 DIS in 7” – 9 ⅝” tool

– Smaller sensors (1 ¼’’ coil to 0.25” Hall Sensors)• Multi-axial Sensors

– Results in better defect description• Quantifiable defect description

– Field verifiable calibration– Increased accuracy for length, width and depth of penetration

determination– Results in better input into burst pressure calculations– Data base output for long term data storage and integration into other

data systems

HR Vertilog


HRVT - Tool Specifications

Length = 15.5 ft to 19.75ftWeight = 310 Lbs.Tool OD = 3 5/8 in to 5 ½ in Maximum Temperature = 350 DegF.Maximum Pressure = 15000 psi.Minimum Casing ID = 4.5 inMaximum Casing OD = 9 5/8 inMaximum Logging Speed = 200 ft/min.


Advanced Analysis using information from three axes of MFL data to determine length, width and depth of penetration of features.

– Depth Based Analysis – Length, Width, Depth Of Penetration

– Pressures Based Analysis (Based on Client Selected Parameters)

• Four commonly used formulae to determine Casing Burst Pressure

– Barlow, Canadian Z341, B31G, Modified B31G

The HR Vertilog Final Report provides detailed information on each feature in the well.

HR Vertilog - Analysis


High-Resolution Analysis

Circumferential

Radial

Axial


Case History




Casing sizes 2 3/8” to 20”

Image Caliper

Applications

• Pipe Ovality• Casing Deformation• Total Metal Loss• Max/Min Penetration• Orientation and Inclination• Pitting/Corrosion• Splitting• Collar Inspection• Pipe Wear


Scale/Header Section

All Curves displayed in raw data format

Casing collar response profile

Min / Max Presentation

Wellsite Log Output


Rotational Display

On-Screen Data Reference

Closure Port Sleeve

Nominal ID

Larger ID

OD Reference

Smaller ID

3D Image CD


X-Sectioned Display

Nominal ID

Feature Identification

3D Image CD


Summary – Imaging Caliper

Advantages• Direct Contact with Pipe

– If Caliper sees it, it’s there• Good Defect Depth Resolution• Detection of Axially Oriented Metal

Loss such as Drill Pipe or Rod Wear

• Provides Direct Measurement of Pipe Geometry/Weight Changes

Disadvantages• Internal Only• Corrosion Products and Other

Deposits Can Fill Defects• Pits Can Fall Between Fingers• Possible Damage to Pipe

Coating/Inhibition Layer




Eddy Current

Phase Shift

Eddy Current

Phase Shift

Electromagnetic Measurement


• Determines joints of casing with different weights and thickness.

• Locates casing collars ,shoe of outside casing strings and other casing hardware on the inner string e.g. scratchers and centralizers.

• Locates casing erosion and discriminates between external or internal metal loss.

• Locates casing holes larger than 2in diameter

• Locates severe anomalies on outside string of pipe when run aloneor when run in combination with other casing evaluation surveys.

Digital Magnelog - Applications


• Tool Diameter 3.63in, 5.53 in or 8.0 in• Temperature 350 DegF• Pressure Rating 20,000 psi• Measurement Range 4 in to 13 in• Minimum Casing OD 4 ½ in• Maximum Casing OD 13 3/8 in• Accuracy ± 10% in Single String

± 20% in Multiple Strings• Repeatability within 5%

Digital Magnelog – Tool Specifications


Digital Magnelog

Visual Response to Severe Metal Loss

from Field Data

• Parted Casing →


Advantages• Internal/External Defects• General Wall Thinning• Detects Changes in Multi String

Applications (Qualitative Only)• Detection of Axially Oriented Metal

Loss such as Drill Pipe or Rod Wear.

• Detects Pipe Weight Changes

Disadvantages• Poor Defect Resolution

– Defects Must be Greater than Two (2) Inches

• Defects Can not be Quantified• Poor Circumferential Resolution

Summary – Electromagnetic Measurement




Ultrasonic Measurement Principle of Operation• Rotating Acoustic Transducer:

– Produces High Frequency Signal– At or Near Resonate Frequency of

Casing

• Measurement Of:– Amplitude & Travel Time of Signal– Impedance of Borehole Fluid

• Detailed Images of:– Internal Radius– Casing Thickness– Internal and External Defects

• 100% Coverage

• Direct Measurement of Casing Thickness.


• Identification and Quantification of Casing Corrosion

• Identifies Holes in Casing and Perforated Intervals

• Estimation of Casing Damage Caused by Milling or Fishing Operations.

• Corrosion or Damage Characterized According to Remaining Metal Thickness

• Internal or External Metal Loss

• Casing Profile and Casing Weight Changes

Digital CBIL - Applications


• Joint Identification and Depth

• Internal Radius of pipe and Pipe Amplitude Image Presentation

• Pipe Thickness and Image Presentation

Digital CBIL - Field Examples


Advantages• Internal/External Defects• Very Good Remaining Wall

Thickness Measurement• Detects Axially Oriented

Defects• Direct Measure of Casing

Thickness

Disadvantages• Sensitive to Borehole Medium• Sensitive to Eccentricity• Clear & Stationary Fluid Only• No Dispersive Particulates /

Bubbles in Fluid• Diffraction at Pipe Surface

Due to Scaling/Corrosion Products

• Absorption at Pipe Surface due to Wax/Hydrates

• Slow Logging Speed• Decreasing Signal/Noise ratio

as Corrosion Increases

Summary – Ultrasonic Measurements




SBT - Tool Measurement

• The Segmented Bond Tool (SBT) service provides quantitative analysis of the cement bond in six 60° segments for 360° borehole coverage, simplifying interpretation and cutting remedial cementing and logging costs.

• Simultaneous 5ft VDL measurement provides indication of cement to formation bond.


SBT - Tool Specifications

Length = 68 ft.Weight = 1050 Lbs.Tool OD = 3 3/8 inMaximum Temperature = 350 DegF.Maximum Pressure = 20000 psi.Minimum Casing ID = 4.5 inMaximum Casing OD = 24 in with extended armsMaximum Logging Speed = 36 ft/min.


Segmented Measurements


SBT - Benefits

True 360° Coverage (NOT point samples)– Positively locates channelling and cement voids

Can Log multiple casing size in one run, saving rig time.

No mud weight limits or light weight fluids limits.

Transmitters and Receivers in direct contact with casing– Insensitive to Fast Formations

Compensated attenuation measurement– Corrects for poor Transmitter–Receiver contacts in rough casing

Relatively immune to decentralization– High quality data in deviated wells.

2 measurements simultaneously:– Pads - Quantitative analysis of cement bond to the casing


Cement Compressive Strength Chart Class G Cement


3000psi

Low Impedance Cement Interpretation

3000psi

Light Weight Cements Reduce the Dynamic Range of all Bond Log Measurements

Example only – Do not use for Interpretation.


3000psi

3000psi

Heavyweight Casing

3000psi

Light Weight Cements + Heavy Wall casing Significantly Reduce the Dynamic Range of all Bond Log Measurements !!

Example only – Do not use for Interpretation.

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SBT Presentation1.

• Line Speed / Tension• Gamma Ray• DTMN and DTMX• Casing Collar Locator

2.• Six individual

attenuation responses• Relative bearing curve

(Shows Low Side)

3.• Attenuation average• Attenuation minimum

4. Cement map

5. Variable density log

1 2 3 4 5


BondViewSM

Alternative Geoscience

Analysis

• Re-scale cement map to strength

• Filter out casing signal→Formation

• NB. Requires a cement impedance input


Interpretative Solutions


Combination Service

• Majority of our casing inspection and cement evaluation tools can be ran in combination with other tools saving rig time.

• SBT – HRVRT – Cement & Corrosion• SBT – MFC – Cement & Multifinger Caliper• SBT – RPM – Cement & Saturation logs• SBT – MVRT – Cement & Corrosion


Interpretative Solutions


Remedial Solutions & Options

• TeliCoil & Cameras

• MPC “Mechanical Pipe Cutter”

• Straddles

• Perforate & SqueezeUsing Customized charges

• Plugs & Retainers.

• Liquid Stone© 2013 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.52

Summary

Flux Leakage Measurements - MicroVertilog, DigitalVertilog& High Resolution Vertilog Services.

Imaging Calipers - Multi Finger Caliper

Electromagnetic Measurements - Digital Magnelog

Ultra Sonics - Digital Circumferential Borehole Image

Advanced Cement Evaluation - Segmented Bond Tool

Combined Service & Interpretative products© 2013 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.53

QuestionsThanks

- Casing Inspection & Cement Evaluation


Documents

Baker Hughes Presentation