I. Cc m hnh giao thc s dng INET FRAMEWORK m phng: Cc INET khung
xy dng da trn OMNeT + +, v s dng cng mt khi nim: m-un giao tip bng
tin nhn i qua. Giao thc c i din bi cc module n gin.Giao din bn ngoi
Mt module n gin ca (ca [kt ni] v cc thng s) c m t trong mt file
NED, v thc hin c cha trong mt + + lp C c cng tn.Mt s v d:TCP,IP. Cc
m-un c th c t do kt hp to thnh my ch v thit b mng khc vi ngn ng NED
(khng c m C + + v khng c bin dch li yu cu).Khc nhau ch trc khi lp
rp, b nh tuyn, chuyn mch, im truy cp, vv m hnh c th c tm thy
trongcc nt /th mc con (v d:StandardHost,Router), nhng bn cng c th
to ra nhng ci ring ca bn cho ph hp vi kch bn m phng c th ca bn.
Giao din mng (Ethernet, 802.11, vv) thng cc m-un hp cht (tc l lp rp
t cc module n gin) bn thn, v ang c bao gm mt hng i, MAC, v c th cc
module n gin khc.XemEthernetInterfacel mt v d.1. ng dng:a. CBR /
VBR: Cc m-un Traffic generator tronginet.applications. *gi
(nhUDPBasicApp,TCPBasicClientApp,IPTrafGen,EtherAppCli,
EtherAppSrv, vv) c th to ra c hai lin tc tc bit v bin lu lng truy
cp tc bit, ph thuc vo cc thit lp capacketIntervalhoc tham s tng ng
(bin i hoc ngu nhin nhtheo cp s nhn (1s))b. HTTP: D n ny thc hin
HTTP h giao thng cho INET .Mc ch ca d n ny l to ra mt tp hp cc thnh
phn cho HTTP m phng giao thng trongOMNeT + +m phng s kin ri rc.c.
File Transfe: M-un tronginet.applications.tcpgi, v d
nhTCPSessionAppc th c s dng m hnh chuyn tp tin.d. DHCP(Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol): l mt giao thc cu hnh t ng a ch IP. My tnh
c cu hnh mt cch t ng v th s gim vic can thip vo h thng mng. N cung
cp mt database trung tm theo di tt c cc my tnh trong h thng mng. Mc
ch quan trng nht l trnh trng hp hai my tnh khc nhau li c cng a ch
IP.e. Video (c bn) : CcUDPVideoStreamClivUDPVideoStreamSvrm-un
tronginet.applications.udpgi cung cp mt on video m hnh trc tuyn n
gin, lu lng video c m phng nh dng CBR.f. Video (chi tit): M hnh
VideoInterface trong OMNeT + + thc hin mt m hnh da trn du vt ca lu
lng truy cp video.M cn phi c sa i v chuyn vo khung INET.g. Voice (c
bn): Nu m hnh giao thng bng ging ni nh l mt dng CBR ging nh trong m
hnh CBR/VBRh. Voice (chi tit): C th to ra gi VoIP thc t sui nh vic
s dng cc d liu m thanh thc v tiu chun m ha VoIP hin c.Hn na, bng
cch p dng nh gi nhn thc ITU-T ni v cht lng (PESQ) phng php tip cn
bn ra, cht lng cm nhn ca mt dng VoIP truyn c th c xc nh.i.
Peer-to-peer (Chord, Kademlia, Pastry, GIA, vv): OverSim l mt m
ngun m INET da trn lp ph v peer-to-peer khung m phng mng.M phng c
mt s m hnh cho cu trc (v d nh hp m, Kademlia, Pastry) v khng c cu
trc h thng P2P (v d nh GIA) v cc giao thc lp ph.D n c danh sch gi
th ca ring mnh, theo di li, ti liu, vv, t chc ti trang web.2. Giao
thc truyn dn:a. TCP: (Transmission Control Protocol- "Giao thc iu
khin truyn vn") l mt trong cc giao thc ct li cab giao thc TCP/IP. S
dng TCP, cc ng dng trn cc my ch c ni mng c th to cc "kt ni" vi
nhau, m qua chng c th trao i d liu hoc ccgi tin. Giao thc ny m bo
chuyn giao d liu ti ni nhn mt cch ng tin cy v ng th t. TCP cn phn
bit gia d liu ca nhiu ng dng (chng hn, dch v Web v dch v th in t)
ng thi chy trn cng mt my ch. TCP (INET): Ring thc hin TCP INET
ca.Cha TCP Tahoe, Reno v NewReno (thut ton mi c th c thm bng cch
thc hin v ng k mt C + + giao din lp), h tr SACK.Truyn d liu ch m
phng: s byte, C + + i tng gi (TODO: mng byte).H tr c IPv4 v IPv6.H
tr kim sot dng chy cp ng dng (m phng ca C syscalls) TCP (lwIP):
OMNeT + + m-un lwIP.t tn km hn (cuc gi hn gi t gp hn) so vi thc hin
TCP NSC-da.Truyn d liu ch m phng: s byte, C + + i tng gi (TODO: mng
byte).H tr c IPv4 v IPv6. TCP (NSC): NSC cn phi c ti v v ci t vo
INET ring.Cha Linux 2.6, OpenBSD v FreeBSD ngn xp.Truyn d liu ch m
phng: s byte (TODO: mng byte, C + + i tng gi).H tr c IPv4 v
IPv6.Khng h tr iu khin dng chy cp ng dng (m phng ca C sysc'alls).
b. UDP(User Datagram Protocol): l mt trong nhng giao thc ct li
cagiao thc TCP/IP. Dng UDP, chng trnh trnmng my tnhc th gi nhng d
liu ngn c gi ldatagramti my khcc. SCTP(Stream Control Transmission
Protocol): l mt phn khng th thiu ca SIGTRAN. m bo reliability truyn
ti bn tin bo hiu (control plane) trn IP, ngi ta phi nh n giao thc
vn ti SCTP . Do vy, SCTP tr thnh mt giao thc quan trng trong mng
thng tin di ng 3G, 3.5G+ v d nhin l c LTE..d. RTP, RTCP: Giao thc
RTP (Realtime Transport Protocol) cung cp cc chc nng giao vn ph hp
cho cc ng dng truyn d liu mang c tnh thi gian thc nh l thoi v truyn
hnh tng tc. Nhng dch v ca RTP bao gm trng ch th loi ti trng
(payload identification), nh s th t cc gi, in tem thi gian (phc v
cho c ch ng b khi pht li tn hiu bn thu) i cng vi RTP l giao thc
RTCP (Realtime Transport Control Protocol) c cc dch v gim st cht
lng dch v v thu thp cc thng tin v nhng ngi tham gia vo phin truyn
RTP ang tin hnh.3. Mng:a. IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) l phin
bn th t trong qu trnh pht trin ca ccgiao thc Internet(IP). y l phin
bn u tin ca IP c s dng rng ri..H tr t cu hnh nh tuyn tnh, dn nh
tuyn tnh thng qua tp tin cu hnh, v cc giao thc nh tuyn.Thc hin bao
gm ccIPvRoutingTablem-un tronginet.networklayer.ipgib. ICMPv4: Thc
hin ICMPv4c. ARP: ARP l giao thc (protocol) xc nh a ch ngun cho
hardware address. Mi mt Network Interface Card (NIC) u c mt
hardware address c.d. IGMPv2: Internet Group Management Protocol,
IGMP Version 2, c m t chi tit trong RFC 2236.Hn ch: khng c kh nng
tng tc vi cc my ch IGMPv1e. IPv6: Internet Protocol Version 6: l mt
phin bn ca giao thc Internet c thit k thnh cng giao thc Internet
phin bn 4 (IPv4). IPv6 l mt giao thc lp Internet cho lin mng chuyn
mch gi v cung cp truyn ti gi d liu end-to-end nhiu trn mng IPf.
ICMPv6g. MIPv6: l mtgiao thcpht trin nh l mt tp hp con ca giao thc
Internet phin bn 6 (IPv6) h tr cc kt ni di ng.MIPv6 l mt bn cp nht
caIETF(Internet Engineering Task Force)in thoi di ng IPtiu chun
(RFC2002) c thit k xc thc cc thit b di ng (gi lnt di ngs) s dng a
ch IPv6h. HIP(HIPsim): l mt my ch nhn dng giao thc khung (HIP) m
phng cho INET / OMNeT + +, c pht trin cung cp mt b cng c linh hot
th nghim v xc nhn ca HIP v phn m rng ca n.4. nh tuyn:a. nh tuyn
link-state: Routing protocol nhm ny l s quan st tng th ton topology
ca lin mng. Mi Router lm vic c lp trong vic tnh ton ng dn ngn nht i
n mng ch, cp nht thng c khi pht t cc thay i ca topology, thi gian
hi t nhanh chuyn cc cp nht nh tuyn n cc router khc, s chim nhiu
traffic khi khi ng v trao i cc topology bn cnh vi nhau update vo
routing table, tnh gii thut ng i ln nht v chim nhiu b nh (link
state routing protocols OSPF, NLSP, IS-IS).OSPF (INET)b. OSPF:l mt
giao thc link state in hnh. Mi router khi chy giao thc s gi cc trng
thi ng link ca n cho tt c cc router trong vng (area). Sau mt thi
gian trao i, cc router s ng nht c bng c s d liu trng thi ng link
(Link State Database LSDB) vi nhau, mi router u c c bn mng ca c
vng. T mi router s chy gii thut Dijkstra tnh ton ra mt cy ng i ngn
nht (Shortest Path Tree) v da vo cy ny xy dng nn bng nh tuyn.c. BGP
(INET): lgiao thctm ng nng ct trnInternet. N hot ng da trn vic cp
nht mt bng cha cc a ch mng (prefix) cho bit mi lin kt gia cc h thng
t tr (autonomous system, tp hp cc h thng mng di cng s iu hnh ca mt
nh qun tr mng, thng thng l mtnh cung cp dch v Internet,ISP). BGP l
mt giao thc vector ng i (path vector). Khc vi cc giao thc tm ng khc
nhRIP(vector di),OSPF(trng thi lin kt), BGP chn ng bng mt tp cc
chnh sch v lut.d. BGP (Quagga): OMNeT + + module bc m canh tuyn b
Quagga.H tr BGPv4.Mt router INET Quagga c th c cu hnh vi cc tp tin
cu hnh tng t nh mt daemon Quagga the. RIP (Quagga):l mt giao thc
distance vector in hnh. Mi router s gi ton b bng nh tuyn ca n cho
router lng ging theo nh k 30s/ln. Thng tin ny li tip tc c lng ging
lan truyn tip cho cc lng ging khc v c th lan truyn ra mi router trn
ton mng. Kiu trao i thng tin nh th cn c gi l lan truyn theo tin
n.f. RSTP: (Spanning Tree Protocol) l mtgiao thc mng m bo mt vng lp
min phcu trc lin ktcho bt kcu niEthernetmng cc b 5. Manet tuyna.
AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand distance vector): iao thc nh tuyn cho mng ad
hoc. Giao thc ny thuc loi phn ng li theo yu cu, tc l vic thit lp
tuyn ti ch ch khi c yu cu.b. DYMO (DYMO-UM)c. DYMO (DYMO-FAU)d.
DSDV: giao thc nh tuyn l mt ch ng, bng iu khin giao thc nh tuyn cho
MANETs pht trin bi Charles E. Perkins v Pravin Bhagwat vo nm 1994.N
s dng hop count nh thc o trong vic la chn tuyn ng.e. DSR(Dynamic
Source Routing): la giao thc nh tuyn n gin v hiu qu c thit k ring
cho mng manet.DSR cho php t ng t chc v cu hnh m khng cn n s can
thip ca ngi qun tr hoc c s h tng c sn ca mngf. OLSR 1 giao thc inh
tuyn h tr Mobile Ad-hoc network (MANET). Dng link-state, active
protocol. Cc node trong mng t xy dng route table n tt c cc node khc
trong mng (nu c). Cp nht l route table nu 1 node no trong mng t kt
ni. Ph hp vi RFC 3626.
6. MPLSa. MPLS: MPLS m phng trong INET c th c thc hin bi mt tp
hp cc m-un, bao gmMPLS,LIBTablevTEDb. LDP: CcLDPm-un trong INET thc
hin cc giao thc iu khin LDP cho cc mng MPLS.L Giao thc phn phi nhn
c IETF a ra trong RFC 3036c. RSVP-TE: l mt phn m rng cagiao thc d
phng ti nguyn(RSVP) chok thut giao thng.N h tr cc phng ti nguyn trn
mtmng IP.ng dng chy trn cc h thng u cui IP c th s dng RSVP ch cho
cc nt khc bn cht (bng thng,jitter, chp ti a, vv) cagisui h mun nhn
c.RSVP chy trn cIPv4vIPv6.7. C dya. PPP(Point-to-Point Protocol): l
mt giao thc lin kt d liu, thng c dng thit lp mt kt ni trc tip gia 2
nt mng. N c th cung cp kt ni xc thc, m ha vic truyn d liu...b.
Ethernet: INET cha mt tp hp cc m-un cho m phng mng Ethernet.H tr c
in Ethernet (10Mbps), Fast Ethernet (tc 100Mbps), Gigabit Ethernet
(1000 Mbps).C hai hin thc MAC: mt vi giao thc y CSMA / CD, v mt n
gin m khng cn CSMA / CD c th c s dng cho cc lin kt full-duplex.H tr
Ethernet liu, Ethernet-II v khung Ethernet SNAP.C mt trung tm v mt
m hnh chuyn i; n v chuyn i chuyn tip c nhiu hng v khc nhau v cc m
hnh hiu sut.Ethernet MAC hin ang hy vng tc d liu trong mt tham s
m-un thay v lin ktdataratetham s, iu ny hin ang c thay i (m mi c sn
trong mt chi nhnh INET repo)8. Khng dya. 802.11 (INET):l mt giao
tip "truyn qua khng kh" (ting Anh:over-the-air) s dng sng v tuyn
truyn nhn tn hiu gia mt thit b khng dy v tng i hocim truy cp(ting
Anh:access point), hoc gia 2 hay nhiu thit b khng dy vi nhau (m
hnhad-hoc)b. 802.1ec. 802.11 (MF): y l mt m hnh 802.11 MAC chuyn t
Mobility Framework (MF), vi nhng ci tin nh.H tr ch ad-hoc chd.
802.16e (WiMAX) : Tiu chun WiMAX di ng, IEEE 802.16e, l mt bng thng
rng khng dy tiu chun trn ton th gii bao gm trin khai c nh, xch tay
v in thoi di ng m l da trn mt m hnh dch v IP.IEEE802.16e c thit k
nh mt cng ngh v tuyn thng lng cao mng d liu gi c kh nng h tr c hai
bng n (v d nh trnh duyt web) v cc ng dng ng thi (VoIP)e. 802.16
(WiMAX): l giao tip khng dy truy nhp khng dy bng rng(Broadband
Wireless Access Standards) cung cp c t chnh thc cho cc mngMANkhng
dybng rng trin khai trn ton cuf. 802.15.4 (LR-WPAN):l giao tip xc
nhlp vt lvphng tin truyn thng kim sot truy cpcho khng dy tc thpmng
c nhn(LR-WPANs).N c duy tr biIEEE 802.15nhm lm vic.y l c s cho
vicZigBee,ISA100.11a,WirelessHART, vMiWithng s k thut, mi trong s m
rng hn na cc tiu chun bng cch pht trin trnlpm khng c nh ngha trong
IEEE 802.15.4.Ngoi ra, n c th c s dng vi6LoWPANv cc giao thc
Internet chun xy dng mt nhng vo Internet khng dy.
