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Nhng ni dung chnhI. Tng trng v nng sut

II. Cc yu t qui nh nng sut

III. Cc chnh sch khuyn khch tngtrng

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I. Tng trng v nng sut Mc sng ca ngi dn mt nc ph

thuc vo nng lc sn xut hng ho v

dch v ca nc Mc sng thay i lin tc theo thi gian

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I. Tng trng v nng sut Nng sut l sn lng hng ho dch v

c to ra t mt n v u vo sn

xut (lao ng / thi gian) Nng sut lao ng s quyt nh mc

sng ca mt nc Thc o mc sng ca mt nc l tng

trng GDP thc t bnh qun u ngi

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Country Period

Real GDP perPerson at

Beginning of Period

Real GDP perPerson at End

of Period

Growth Rate

(per year)

Japan 1890-1997 $1,196 $23,400 2.82%

Brazil 1900-1990 619 6,240 2.41

Mexico 1900-1997 922 8,120 2.27

Germany 1870-1997 1,738 21,300 1.99Canada 1870-1997 1,890 21,860 1,95

China 1900-1997 570 3,570 1.91

Argentina 1900-1997 1,824 9,950 1.76

United States 1870-1997 3,188 28,740 1.75

Indonesia 1900-1997 708 3,450 1.65

United Kingdom 1870-1997 3,826 20,520 1.33

India 1900-1997 537 1,950 1.34

Pakistan 1900-1997 587 1,590 1.03

Bangladesh 1900-1997 495 1,050 0.78

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Tng trng kp v quy tc 70 Tng trng bnh qun hng nm trng

c v nh, nhng s rt ln nu tch lu

nhiu nm Tng trng kp l s tch lu tng

trng qua nhiu nm

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Tng trng kp v quy tc 70 Quy tc 70 gii thch:

Nu mt bin tng trng vi tc x phn

trm mt nm, th gi tr ca n s tng gpi sau 70/x nm

V d: 5000 la u t vi li sut 10% mt

nm, gi tr ca khon u t ny s l 10,000la sau:

70 / 10 = 7 nm

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Tng trng l quan trng Tng trng l s gia tng ca sn lng

thc t Nng sut l lng hng ho v dch v

c to ra bi mt n v u vo sn xut Cc yu t u vo sn xut quyt nh

nng sut v tng trng

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II. Cc yu t qui nh nng sut T bn hin vt

Vn nhn lc

Ti nguyn thin nhin

Tri thc cng ngh

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Cc yu t u vo sn xut Vn/T bn hin vt: bao gm nhng my

mc thit b v nh xng phc v cho sn xut Bn thn n trc y l u ra ca sn xut v

by gi c dng nh mt u vo sn xut V d:

My mc thit b Nh xng Vn phng, trng hc, bnh vin

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Cc yu t u vo sn xut Vn nhn lc/ trnh lao ng: thut

ng dng ch k nng v kin thc cacng nhn c c t hc tp, o to vkinh nghim

Vn nhn lc l yu t lm tng nng sutging nh t bn hin vt

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Cc yu t u vo sn xut Ti nguyn thin nhin:l cc u vo sn

xut ly t thin nhin nh t ai, sngngi, m khong

Ti nguyn ti to c: cy ci, rng

Ti nguyn khng ti to c: than, du

Ti nguyn nhn to: nng lng mt tri

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Cc yu t u vo sn xut

Ti nguyn thin nhin l mt u voquan trng nhng khng nht thit lthiu n s khng tng trng c

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Cc yu t u vo sn xut Tri thc cng ngh:l cch thc tt nht

sn xut hng ho v dch v Vn nhn lc l yu t trung chuyn tri

thc cng ngh vo qu trnh sn xut dng

t bn hin vt

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Hm sn xut Hm sn xut l s m t vic kt hp ccyu t u vo to ra hng ho v dch v

Y = A (L, K, H, N)Y= sn lng hng ho v dch v

A = cng ngh sn xut sn cL= lng lao ng

K= lng t bn hin vtH= lng vn nhn lcN= lng ti nguyn thin nhin

( )l hm kt hp 4 yu t sn xut

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Hm sn xut v nng sut Chia 2 v cho L

Y/L = A F(L/L=1, K/L, H/L, N/L)trong :Y/L = sn lng to ra bi 1 cng nhn

K/L = lng t bn hin vt cho 1 cng nhnH/L = lng vn nhn lc trn 1 cng nhnN/L = lng ti nguyn thin nhin trn 1 cng nhn

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Cc yu t quyt nh nng sut

Nng sut Y/L ph thuc vo lng t bnhin vt cho 1 cng nhn K/L, vn nhnlc cho 1 cng nhn H/L, ti nguyn thinnhin cho 1 cng nhnN/L, v cng ngh

sn xut hin c A

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III. Chnh sch khuyn khch tng trng

1. Khuyn khch tit kim v u t trongnc

2. Khuyn khch u t t nc ngoi u t trc tip u t gin tip

3. Pht trin gio dc, o to

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(tip)1. Bo v quyn s hu v gi n nh

chnh tr

2. Thc y t do thng mi

3. Kim sot gia tng dn s

4. Khuyn khch hot ng nghin cu vpht trin (R&D)

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Khuyn khch tit kim v u t

South Korea

Singapore

Japan

Israel

Canada

Brazil

West Germany

Mexico

United Kingdom

Nigeria

United States

IndiaBangladesh

Chile

Rwanda

Growth Rate (percent)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

South Korea

Singapore

Japan

Israel

Canada

Brazil

West Germany

Mexico

United Kingdom

Nigeria

United States

IndiaBangladesh

Chile

Rwanda

Investment (percent of GD

0 10 20 30 40

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Khuyn khch tit kim v u t

Tng tit kim l dnh ngun lc sn xut

cc hng u t (my mc, thit b, nhxng) Lng t bn c sn xut ra li c

dng vo vic sn xut ra HH-DV Tng lng t bn lm tng K/L t lmtng nng sut v tng trng GDP thc t

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Khuyn khch tit kim v u t

Trong ngn hn:

Mt s gia tng t l tit kim dn n tng tl tng trng Trong di hn:

t l tit kim cao hn dn n tng nng sutv tng thu nhp, nhng khng tng sn lngnu khng c s m rng tng ng ca ccngun lc khc

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Thc y t do thng mi Theo mt ngha no , thng mi l mt

dng cng ngh (cng ngh bn hng) Mt nc d b nhng ro cn thng mi

s tng trng ging nh mt nc c stin b cng ngh

p dng cc chnh sch hng ngoi thaycho chnh sch hng ni

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Kim sot gia tng gia tng dn s Dn s l yu t c bn ca lc lng lao

ng Tng dn s lm tng lc lng lao ng

trong tng lai

Tuy nhin, tng dn s lm gim GDP thct bnh qun u ngi

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